NAME

       r.topmodel  - Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.

KEYWORDS

       raster, hydrology

SYNOPSIS

       r.topmodel
       r.topmodel help
       r.topmodel    [-i]     [basin=string]      [elevation=string]      [depressionless=string]
       [direction=string]      [belevation=string]      [topidx=string]       [nidxclass=integer]
       idxstats=string     parameters=string     input=string     output=string     [Qobs=string]
       [timestep=integer]   [idxclass=integer]   [--overwrite]  [--verbose]  [--quiet]

   Flags:
       -i
           Input data given for (o/i)

       --overwrite
           Allow output files to overwrite existing files

       --verbose
           Verbose module output

       --quiet
           Quiet module output

   Parameters:
       basin=string
           (i)   Basin map created by r.water.outlet (MASK)

       elevation=string
           (i)   Elevation map

       depressionless=string
           (o)   Depressionless elevation map

       direction=string
           (o)   Direction map for depressionless elevation map

       belevation=string
           (o/i) Basin elevation map (MASK applied)

       topidx=string
           (o)   Topographic index ln(a/tanB) map (MASK applied)

       nidxclass=integer
           (i)   Number of topographic index classes
           Default: 30

       idxstats=string
           (o/i) Topographic index statistics file

       parameters=string
           (i)   TOPMODEL Parameters file

       input=string
           (i)   Rainfall and potential evapotranspiration data file

       output=string
           (o)   Output file

       Qobs=string
           (i)   OPTIONAL Observed flow file

       timestep=integer
           (i)   OPTIONAL Output for given time step

       idxclass=integer
           (i)   OPTIONAL Output for given topographic index class

DESCRIPTION

       r.topmodel simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.

       Note: (i) means input; (o) means output; (o/i) means input or output

       The -i flag indicates that input data are given for (o/i).  Without this flag, all  inputs
       (i) and intermediate outputs (o/i) should be given.  For example, [belevation] map will be
       created from [elevation] and [basin] in every run.  However, given  the  same  [elevation]
       and [basin], [belevation] output will be the same all the time, so r.topmodel can directly
       take [belevation] as an input with this flag to save time.

   Selected Parameters:
       depressionless map is created as follows:

           r.fill.dir input=elevation elev=depressionless dir=direction type=grass
            This option can be omitted if [elevation] map is already depressionless.

       belevation map is created from [elevation] with [basin] mask applied:

           r.mapcalc "belevation = if(basin == 0 || isnull(basin), null(), elevation)"

       topidx map is created as follows:

           r.topidx input=elevation output=topidx

       Qobs
           Compare simulated flows with observed flows and calculate model efficiency.

REFERENCES

       K. Beven, R. Lamb, P. Quinn, R. Romanowicz, and J. Freer.  TOPMODEL, in V.P. Singh  (Ed.).
       Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology.  Water Resources Publications, 1995.

       S.C.  Liaw,  Streamflow  simulation  using  a  physically  based hydrologic model in humid
       forested watersheds (Dissertation).  Colorado State University, CO. p163, 1988.

SEE ALSO

        r.fill.dir, r.mapcalc, r.topidx
       How to run r.topmodel

AUTHORS

       Main algorithm sources are rewritten in C based on TMOD9502.FOR.
       Thanks to Keith Beven.

       GRASS port by Huidae Cho
       Hydro Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, South Korea

       Last changed: $Date: 2011-11-08 01:42:51 -0800 (Tue, 08 Nov 2011) $

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       © 2003-2013 GRASS Development Team