NAME

       O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends

SYNOPSIS

               perl -MO=[-q,]Backend[,OPTIONS] foo.pl

DESCRIPTION

       This is the module that is used as a frontend to the Perl Compiler.

       If you pass the "-q" option to the module, then the STDOUT filehandle will be redirected
       into the variable $O::BEGIN_output during compilation.  This has the effect that any
       output printed to STDOUT by BEGIN blocks or use'd modules will be stored in this variable
       rather than printed. It's useful with those backends which produce output themselves
       ("Deparse", "Concise" etc), so that their output is not confused with that generated by
       the code being compiled.

       The "-qq" option behaves like "-q", except that it also closes STDERR after deparsing has
       finished. This suppresses the "Syntax OK" message normally produced by perl.

CONVENTIONS

       Most compiler backends use the following conventions: OPTIONS consists of a comma-
       separated list of words (no white-space).  The "-v" option usually puts the backend into
       verbose mode.  The "-ofile" option generates output to file instead of stdout. The "-D"
       option followed by various letters turns on various internal debugging flags. See the
       documentation for the desired backend (named "B::Backend" for the example above) to find
       out about that backend.

IMPLEMENTATION

       This section is only necessary for those who want to write a compiler backend module that
       can be used via this module.

       The command-line mentioned in the SYNOPSIS section corresponds to the Perl code

           use O ("Backend", OPTIONS);

       The "O::import" function loads the appropriate "B::Backend" module and calls its "compile"
       function, passing it OPTIONS. That function is expected to return a sub reference which
       we'll call CALLBACK. Next, the "compile-only" flag is switched on (equivalent to the
       command-line option "-c") and a CHECK block is registered which calls CALLBACK. Thus the
       main Perl program mentioned on the command-line is read in, parsed and compiled into
       internal syntax tree form. Since the "-c" flag is set, the program does not start running
       (excepting BEGIN blocks of course) but the CALLBACK function registered by the compiler
       backend is called.

       In summary, a compiler backend module should be called "B::Foo" for some foo and live in
       the appropriate directory for that name.  It should define a function called "compile".
       When the user types

           perl -MO=Foo,OPTIONS foo.pl

       that function is called and is passed those OPTIONS (split on commas). It should return a
       sub ref to the main compilation function.  After the user's program is loaded and parsed,
       that returned sub ref is invoked which can then go ahead and do the compilation, usually
       by making use of the "B" module's functionality.

BUGS

       The "-q" and "-qq" options don't work correctly if perl isn't compiled with PerlIO support
       : STDOUT will be closed instead of being redirected to $O::BEGIN_output.

AUTHOR

       Malcolm Beattie, "mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk"