Provided by: pdl_2.007-2build1_amd64 
NAME
PDL::Bad - PDL does process bad values
DESCRIPTION
PDL has been compiled with WITH_BADVAL set to 1. Therefore, you can enter the wonderful
world of bad value support in PDL.
This module is loaded when you do "use PDL", "Use PDL::Lite" or "PDL::LiteF".
Implementation details are given in PDL::BadValues.
SYNOPSIS
use PDL::Bad;
print "\nBad value support in PDL is turned " .
$PDL::Bad::Status ? "on" : "off" . ".\n";
Bad value support in PDL is turned on.
and some other things
VARIABLES
There are currently three variables that this module defines which may be of use.
$PDL::Bad::Status
Set to 1
$PDL::Bad::UseNaN
Set to 1 if PDL was compiled with "BADVAL_USENAN" set, 0 otherwise.
$PDL::Bad::PerPdl
Set to 1 if PDL was compiled with the experimental "BADVAL_PER_PDL" option set, 0
otherwise.
FUNCTIONS
badflag
getter/setter for the bad data flag
if ( $a->badflag() ) {
print "Data may contain bad values.\n";
}
$a->badflag(1); # set bad data flag
$a->badflag(0); # unset bad data flag
When called as a setter, this modifies the piddle on which it is called. This always
returns a Perl scalar with the final value of the bad flag.
A return value of 1 does not guarantee the presence of bad data in a piddle; all it does
is say that we need to check for the presence of such beasties. To actually find out if
there are any bad values present in a piddle, use the check_badflag method.
This function works with piddles that have bad values. It always returns a Perl scalar, so
it never returns bad values.
badvalue
returns the value used to indicate a missing (or bad) element for the given piddle type.
You can give it a piddle, a PDL::Type object, or one of $PDL_B, $PDL_S, etc.
$badval = badvalue( float );
$a = ones(ushort,10);
print "The bad data value for ushort is: ",
$a->badvalue(), "\n";
This can act as a setter (e.g. "$a->badvalue(23)") if the data type is an integer or
"$PDL::Bad::UseNaN == 0". Note that this never touches the data in the piddle. That is,
if $a already has bad values, they will not be changed to use the given number and if any
elements of $a have that value, they will unceremoniously be marked as bad data. See
"setvaltobad", "setbadtoval", and "setbadif" for ways to actually modify the data in
piddles
If the $PDL::Bad::PerPdl flag is set then it is possible to change the bad value on a per-
piddle basis, so
$a = sequence (10);
$a->badvalue (3); $a->badflag (1);
$b = sequence (10);
$b->badvalue (4); $b->badflag (1);
will set $a to be "[0 1 2 BAD 4 5 6 7 8 9]" and $b to be "[0 1 2 3 BAD 5 6 7 8 9]". If the
flag is not set then both $a and $b will be set to "[0 1 2 3 BAD 5 6 7 8 9]". Please note
that the code to support per-piddle bad values is experimental in the current release, and
it requires that you modify the settings under which PDL is compiled.
This method does not care if you call it on an input piddle that has bad values. It always
returns a Perl scalar with the current or new bad value.
orig_badvalue
returns the original value used to represent bad values for a given type.
This routine operates the same as badvalue, except you can not change the values.
It also has an awful name.
$orig_badval = orig_badvalue( float );
$a = ones(ushort,10);
print "The original bad data value for ushort is: ",
$a->orig_badvalue(), "\n";
This method does not care if you call it on an input piddle that has bad values. It always
returns a Perl scalar with the original bad value for the associated type.
check_badflag
Clear the bad-value flag of a piddle if it does not contain any bad values
Given a piddle whose bad flag is set, check whether it actually contains any bad values
and, if not, clear the flag. It returns the final state of the bad-value flag.
print "State of bad flag == ", $pdl->check_badflag;
This method accepts piddles with or without bad values. It returns a Perl scalar with the
final bad-value flag, so it never returns bad values itself.
isbad
Signature: (a(); int [o]b())
Returns a binary mask indicating which values of the input are bad values
Returns a 1 if the value is bad, 0 otherwise. Similar to isfinite.
$a = pdl(1,2,3);
$a->badflag(1);
set($a,1,$a->badvalue);
$b = isbad($a);
print $b, "\n";
[0 1 0]
This method works with input piddles that are bad. The ouptut piddle will never contain
bad values, but its bad value flag will be the same as the input piddle's flag.
isgood
Signature: (a(); int [o]b())
Is a value good?
Returns a 1 if the value is good, 0 otherwise. Also see isfinite.
$a = pdl(1,2,3);
$a->badflag(1);
set($a,1,$a->badvalue);
$b = isgood($a);
print $b, "\n";
[1 0 1]
This method works with input piddles that are bad. The ouptut piddle will never contain
bad values, but its bad value flag will be the same as the input piddle's flag.
nbadover
Signature: (a(n); int+ [o] b())
Find the number of bad elements along the 1st dimension.
This function reduces the dimensionality of a piddle by one by finding the number of bad
elements along the 1st dimension. In this sense it shares much in common with the
functions defined in PDL::Ufunc. In particular, by using xchg and similar dimension
rearranging methods, it is possible to perform this calculation over any dimension.
$a = nbadover($b);
$spectrum = nbadover $image->xchg(0,1)
nbadover processes input values that are bad. The ouput piddle will not have any bad
values, but the bad flag will be set if the input piddle had its bad flag set.
ngoodover
Signature: (a(n); int+ [o] b())
Find the number of good elements along the 1st dimension.
This function reduces the dimensionality of a piddle by one by finding the number of good
elements along the 1st dimension.
By using xchg etc. it is possible to use any dimension.
$a = ngoodover($b);
$spectrum = ngoodover $image->xchg(0,1)
ngoodover processes input values that are bad. The ouput piddle will not have any bad
values, but the bad flag will be set if the input piddle had its bad flag set.
nbad
Returns the number of bad values in a piddle
$x = nbad($data);
Accepts good and bad input piddles; output is a Perl scalar and therefore is always good.
ngood
Returns the number of good values in a piddle
$x = ngood($data);
Accepts good and bad input piddles; output is a Perl scalar and therefore is always good.
setbadat
Set the value to bad at a given position.
setbadat $piddle, @position
@position is a coordinate list, of size equal to the number of dimensions in the piddle.
This is a wrapper around set and is probably mainly useful in test scripts!
pdl> $x = sequence 3,4
pdl> $x->setbadat 2,1
pdl> p $x
[
[ 0 1 2]
[ 3 4 BAD]
[ 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11]
]
This method can be called on piddles that have bad values. The remainder of the arguments
should be Perl scalars indicating the position to set as bad. The ouptut piddle will have
bad values and will have its badflag turned on.
setbadif
Signature: (a(); int mask(); [o]b())
Set elements bad based on the supplied mask, otherwise copy across the data.
pdl> $a = sequence(5,5)
pdl> $a = $a->setbadif( $a % 2 )
pdl> p "a badflag: ", $a->badflag, "\n"
a badflag: 1
pdl> p "a is\n$a"
[
[ 0 BAD 2 BAD 4]
[BAD 6 BAD 8 BAD]
[ 10 BAD 12 BAD 14]
[BAD 16 BAD 18 BAD]
[ 20 BAD 22 BAD 24]
]
Unfortunately, this routine can not be run inplace, since the current implementation can
not handle the same piddle used as "a" and "mask" (eg "$a->inplace->setbadif($a%2)"
fails). Even more unfortunate: we can't catch this error and tell you.
The output always has its bad flag set, even if it does not contain any bad values (use
check_badflag to check whether there are any bad values in the output). The input piddle
can have bad values: any bad values in the input piddles are copied across to the output
piddle.
Also see setvaltobad and setnantobad.
setvaltobad
Signature: (a(); [o]b(); double value)
Set bad all those elements which equal the supplied value.
$a = sequence(10) % 3;
$a->inplace->setvaltobad( 0 );
print "$a\n";
[BAD 1 2 BAD 1 2 BAD 1 2 BAD]
This is a simpler version of setbadif, but this function can be done inplace. See
setnantobad if you want to convert NaN/Inf to the bad value.
The output always has its bad flag set, even if it does not contain any bad values (use
check_badflag to check whether there are any bad values in the output). Any bad values in
the input piddles are copied across to the output piddle.
setnantobad
Signature: (a(); [o]b())
Sets NaN/Inf values in the input piddle bad (only relevant for floating-point piddles).
Can be done inplace.
$b = $a->setnantobad;
$a->inplace->setnantobad;
This method can process piddles with bad values: those bad values are propogated into the
output piddle. Any value that is not finite is also set to bad in the output piddle. If
all values from the input piddle are good and finite, the output piddle will not have its
bad flag set. One more caveat: if done inplace, and if the input piddle's bad flag is set,
it will no
setbadtonan
Signature: (a(); [o] b();)
Sets Bad values to NaN
This is only relevant for floating-point piddles. The input piddle can be of any type, but
if done inplace, the input must be floating point.
$b = $a->setbadtonan;
$a->inplace->setbadtonan;
This method processes input piddles with bad values. The output piddles will not contain
bad values (insofar as NaN is not Bad as far as PDL is concerned) and the output piddle
does not have its bad flag set. As an inplace operation, it clears the bad flag.
setbadtoval
Signature: (a(); [o]b(); double newval)
Replace any bad values by a (non-bad) value.
Can be done inplace. Also see badmask.
$a->inplace->setbadtoval(23);
print "a badflag: ", $a->badflag, "\n";
a badflag: 0
The output always has its bad flag cleared. If the input piddle does not have its bad
flag set, then values are copied with no replacement.
copybad
Signature: (a(); mask(); [o]b())
Copies values from one piddle to another, setting them bad if they are bad in the supplied
mask.
Can be done inplace.
$a = byte( [0,1,3] );
$mask = byte( [0,0,0] );
set($mask,1,$mask->badvalue);
$a->inplace->copybad( $mask );
p $a;
[0 BAD 3]
It is equivalent to:
$c = $a + $mask * 0
This handles input piddles that are bad. If either $a or $mask have bad values, those
values will be marked as bad in the output piddle and the output piddle will have its bad
value flag set to true.
CHANGES
The experimental "BADVAL_PER_PDL" configuration option, which - when set - allows per-
piddle bad values, was added after the 2.4.2 release of PDL. The $PDL::Bad::PerPdl
variable can be inspected to see if this feature is available.
CONFIGURATION
The way the PDL handles the various bad value settings depends on your compile-time
configuration settings, as held in "perldl.conf".
$PDL::Config{WITH_BADVAL}
Set this configuration option to a true value if you want bad value support. The
default setting is for this to be true.
$PDL::Config{BADVAL_USENAN}
Set this configuration option to a true value if you want floating-pont numbers to use
NaN to represent the bad value. If set to false, you can use any number to represent a
bad value, which is generally more flexible. In the default configuration, this is set
to a false value.
$PDL::Config{BADVAL_PER_PDL}
Set this configuration option to a true value if you want each of your piddles to keep
track of their own bad values. This means that for one piddle you can set the bad
value to zero, while in another piddle you can set the bad value to NaN (or any other
useful number). This is usually set to false.
AUTHOR
Doug Burke (djburke@cpan.org), 2000, 2001, 2003, 2006.
The per-piddle bad value support is by Heiko Klein (2006).
CPAN documentation fixes by David Mertens (2010, 2013).
All rights reserved. There is no warranty. You are allowed to redistribute this software /
documentation under certain conditions. For details, see the file COPYING in the PDL
distribution. If this file is separated from the PDL distribution, the copyright notice
should be included in the file.