NAME

       d2i_X509, i2d_X509, d2i_X509_bio, d2i_X509_fp, i2d_X509_bio, i2d_X509_fp - X509 encode and
       decode functions

SYNOPSIS

        #include <openssl/x509.h>

        X509 *d2i_X509(X509 **px, const unsigned char **in, int len);
        int i2d_X509(X509 *x, unsigned char **out);

        X509 *d2i_X509_bio(BIO *bp, X509 **x);
        X509 *d2i_X509_fp(FILE *fp, X509 **x);

        int i2d_X509_bio(BIO *bp, X509 *x);
        int i2d_X509_fp(FILE *fp, X509 *x);

DESCRIPTION

       The X509 encode and decode routines encode and parse an X509 structure, which represents
       an X509 certificate.

       d2i_X509() attempts to decode len bytes at *in. If successful a pointer to the X509
       structure is returned. If an error occurred then NULL is returned. If px is not NULL then
       the returned structure is written to *px. If *px is not NULL then it is assumed that *px
       contains a valid X509 structure and an attempt is made to reuse it. If the call is
       successful *in is incremented to the byte following the parsed data.

       i2d_X509() encodes the structure pointed to by x into DER format.  If out is not NULL is
       writes the DER encoded data to the buffer at *out, and increments it to point after the
       data just written.  If the return value is negative an error occurred, otherwise it
       returns the length of the encoded data.

       For OpenSSL 0.9.7 and later if *out is NULL memory will be allocated for a buffer and the
       encoded data written to it. In this case *out is not incremented and it points to the
       start of the data just written.

       d2i_X509_bio() is similar to d2i_X509() except it attempts to parse data from BIO bp.

       d2i_X509_fp() is similar to d2i_X509() except it attempts to parse data from FILE pointer
       fp.

       i2d_X509_bio() is similar to i2d_X509() except it writes the encoding of the structure x
       to BIO bp and it returns 1 for success and 0 for failure.

       i2d_X509_fp() is similar to i2d_X509() except it writes the encoding of the structure x to
       BIO bp and it returns 1 for success and 0 for failure.

NOTES

       The letters i and d in for example i2d_X509 stand for "internal" (that is an internal C
       structure) and "DER". So that i2d_X509 converts from internal to DER.

       The functions can also understand BER forms.

       The actual X509 structure passed to i2d_X509() must be a valid populated X509 structure it
       can not simply be fed with an empty structure such as that returned by X509_new().

       The encoded data is in binary form and may contain embedded zeroes.  Therefore any FILE
       pointers or BIOs should be opened in binary mode.  Functions such as strlen() will not
       return the correct length of the encoded structure.

       The ways that *in and *out are incremented after the operation can trap the unwary. See
       the WARNINGS section for some common errors.

       The reason for the auto increment behaviour is to reflect a typical usage of ASN1
       functions: after one structure is encoded or decoded another will processed after it.

EXAMPLES

       Allocate and encode the DER encoding of an X509 structure:

        int len;
        unsigned char *buf, *p;

        len = i2d_X509(x, NULL);

        buf = OPENSSL_malloc(len);

        if (buf == NULL)
               /* error */

        p = buf;

        i2d_X509(x, &p);

       If you are using OpenSSL 0.9.7 or later then this can be simplified to:

        int len;
        unsigned char *buf;

        buf = NULL;

        len = i2d_X509(x, &buf);

        if (len < 0)
               /* error */

       Attempt to decode a buffer:

        X509 *x;

        unsigned char *buf, *p;

        int len;

        /* Something to setup buf and len */

        p = buf;

        x = d2i_X509(NULL, &p, len);

        if (x == NULL)
           /* Some error */

       Alternative technique:

        X509 *x;

        unsigned char *buf, *p;

        int len;

        /* Something to setup buf and len */

        p = buf;

        x = NULL;

        if(!d2i_X509(&x, &p, len))
           /* Some error */

WARNINGS

       The use of temporary variable is mandatory. A common mistake is to attempt to use a buffer
       directly as follows:

        int len;
        unsigned char *buf;

        len = i2d_X509(x, NULL);

        buf = OPENSSL_malloc(len);

        if (buf == NULL)
               /* error */

        i2d_X509(x, &buf);

        /* Other stuff ... */

        OPENSSL_free(buf);

       This code will result in buf apparently containing garbage because it was incremented
       after the call to point after the data just written.  Also buf will no longer contain the
       pointer allocated by OPENSSL_malloc() and the subsequent call to OPENSSL_free() may well
       crash.

       The auto allocation feature (setting buf to NULL) only works on OpenSSL 0.9.7 and later.
       Attempts to use it on earlier versions will typically cause a segmentation violation.

       Another trap to avoid is misuse of the xp argument to d2i_X509():

        X509 *x;

        if (!d2i_X509(&x, &p, len))
               /* Some error */

       This will probably crash somewhere in d2i_X509(). The reason for this is that the variable
       x is uninitialized and an attempt will be made to interpret its (invalid) value as an X509
       structure, typically causing a segmentation violation. If x is set to NULL first then this
       will not happen.

BUGS

       In some versions of OpenSSL the "reuse" behaviour of d2i_X509() when *px is valid is
       broken and some parts of the reused structure may persist if they are not present in the
       new one. As a result the use of this "reuse" behaviour is strongly discouraged.

       i2d_X509() will not return an error in many versions of OpenSSL, if mandatory fields are
       not initialized due to a programming error then the encoded structure may contain invalid
       data or omit the fields entirely and will not be parsed by d2i_X509(). This may be fixed
       in future so code should not assume that i2d_X509() will always succeed.

RETURN VALUES

       d2i_X509(), d2i_X509_bio() and d2i_X509_fp() return a valid X509 structure or NULL if an
       error occurs. The error code that can be obtained by ERR_get_error(3).

       i2d_X509() returns the number of bytes successfully encoded or a negative value if an
       error occurs. The error code can be obtained by ERR_get_error(3).

       i2d_X509_bio() and i2d_X509_fp() return 1 for success and 0 if an error occurs The error
       code can be obtained by ERR_get_error(3).

SEE ALSO

       ERR_get_error(3)

HISTORY

       d2i_X509, i2d_X509, d2i_X509_bio, d2i_X509_fp, i2d_X509_bio and i2d_X509_fp are available
       in all versions of SSLeay and OpenSSL.