NAME

       ldexp, ldexpf, ldexpl - load exponent of a floating-point number

SYNOPSIS

       #include <math.h>

       double ldexp(double x, int exp);
       float ldexpf(float x, int exp);
       long double ldexpl(long double x, int exp);

DESCRIPTION

       These functions shall compute the quantity x * 2**exp.

       An   application   wishing   to   check   for  error  situations  should  set  errno  to  zero  and  call
       feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling  these  functions.   On  return,  if  errno  is  non-zero  or
       fetestexcept(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.

RETURN VALUE

       Upon successful completion, these functions shall return x multiplied by 2, raised to the power exp.

       If  these  functions  would cause overflow, a range error shall occur and ldexp(), ldexpf(), and ldexpl()
       shall return ±HUGE_VAL, ±HUGE_VALF, and ±HUGE_VALL (according to the sign of x), respectively.

       If the correct value would cause underflow, and is not  representable,  a  range  error  may  occur,  and
        either 0.0 (if supported), or   an implementation-defined value shall be returned.

       If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.

       If x is ±0 or ±Inf, x shall be returned.

       If exp is 0, x shall be returned.

       If the correct value would cause underflow, and is representable, a range error may occur and the correct
       value shall be returned.

ERRORS

       These functions shall fail if:

       Range Error
              The result overflows.

       If  the  integer  expression  (math_errhandling  &  MATH_ERRNO)  is  non-zero, then errno shall be set to
       [ERANGE]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero,  then  the  overflow
       floating-point exception shall be raised.

       These functions may fail if:

       Range Error
              The result underflows.

       If  the  integer  expression  (math_errhandling  &  MATH_ERRNO)  is  non-zero, then errno shall be set to
       [ERANGE]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then  the  underflow
       floating-point exception shall be raised.

       The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES

       None.

APPLICATION USAGE

       On  error,  the  expressions  (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are
       independent of each other, but at least one of them must be non-zero.

RATIONALE

       None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       feclearexcept()  ,  fetestexcept()  ,  frexp()   ,   isnan()   ,   the   Base   Definitions   volume   of
       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 4.18, Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions, <math.h>

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
       Standard  for  Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
       Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
       Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the  original  IEEE  and
       The  Open  Group  Standard,  the  original  IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The
       original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group                                   2003                                              LDEXP(P)