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NAME
strptime - date and time conversion
SYNOPSIS
#include <time.h>
char *strptime(const char *restrict buf, const char *restrict format,
struct tm *restrict tm);
DESCRIPTION
The strptime() function shall convert the character string pointed to by buf to values
which are stored in the tm structure pointed to by tm, using the format specified by
format.
The format is composed of zero or more directives. Each directive is composed of one of
the following: one or more white-space characters (as specified by isspace()); an ordinary
character (neither '%' nor a white-space character); or a conversion specification. Each
conversion specification is composed of a '%' character followed by a conversion character
which specifies the replacement required. The application shall ensure that there is
white-space or other non-alphanumeric characters between any two conversion
specifications. The following conversion specifications are supported:
%a The day of the week, using the locale's weekday names; either the abbreviated or
full name may be specified.
%A Equivalent to %a .
%b The month, using the locale's month names; either the abbreviated or full name may
be specified.
%B Equivalent to %b .
%c Replaced by the locale's appropriate date and time representation.
%C The century number [00,99]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%d The day of the month [01,31]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%D The date as %m / %d / %y .
%e Equivalent to %d .
%h Equivalent to %b .
%H The hour (24-hour clock) [00,23]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%I The hour (12-hour clock) [01,12]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%j The day number of the year [001,366]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%m The month number [01,12]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%M The minute [00,59]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%n Any white space.
%p The locale's equivalent of a.m or p.m.
%r 12-hour clock time using the AM/PM notation if t_fmt_ampm is not an empty string in
the LC_TIME portion of the current locale; in the POSIX locale, this shall be
equivalent to %I : %M : %S %p .
%R The time as %H : %M .
%S The seconds [00,60]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%t Any white space.
%T The time as %H : %M : %S .
%U The week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal
number [00,53]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%w The weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing Sunday; leading zeros
are permitted but not required.
%W The week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal
number [00,53]; leading zeros are permitted but not required.
%x The date, using the locale's date format.
%X The time, using the locale's time format.
%y The year within century. When a century is not otherwise specified, values in the
range [69,99] shall refer to years 1969 to 1999 inclusive, and values in the range
[00,68] shall refer to years 2000 to 2068 inclusive; leading zeros shall be
permitted but shall not be required.
Note:
It is expected that in a future version of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 the default century
inferred from a 2-digit year will change. (This would apply to all commands
accepting a 2-digit year as input.)
%Y The year, including the century (for example, 1988).
%% Replaced by % .
Modified Conversion Specifiers
Some conversion specifiers can be modified by the E and O modifier characters to indicate
that an alternative format or specification should be used rather than the one normally
used by the unmodified conversion specifier. If the alternative format or specification
does not exist in the current locale, the behavior shall be as if the unmodified
conversion specification were used.
%Ec The locale's alternative appropriate date and time representation.
%EC The name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative representation.
%Ex The locale's alternative date representation.
%EX The locale's alternative time representation.
%Ey The offset from %EC (year only) in the locale's alternative representation.
%EY The full alternative year representation.
%Od The day of the month using the locale's alternative numeric symbols; leading zeros
are permitted but not required.
%Oe Equivalent to %Od .
%OH The hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%OI The hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%Om The month using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%OM The minutes using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%OS The seconds using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%OU The week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) using the
locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%Ow The number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's alternative numeric
symbols.
%OW The week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) using the
locale's alternative numeric symbols.
%Oy The year (offset from %C ) using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
A conversion specification composed of white-space characters is executed by scanning
input up to the first character that is not white-space (which remains unscanned), or
until no more characters can be scanned.
A conversion specification that is an ordinary character is executed by scanning the next
character from the buffer. If the character scanned from the buffer differs from the one
comprising the directive, the directive fails, and the differing and subsequent characters
remain unscanned.
A series of conversion specifications composed of %n , %t , white-space characters, or any
combination is executed by scanning up to the first character that is not white space
(which remains unscanned), or until no more characters can be scanned.
Any other conversion specification is executed by scanning characters until a character
matching the next directive is scanned, or until no more characters can be scanned. These
characters, except the one matching the next directive, are then compared to the locale
values associated with the conversion specifier. If a match is found, values for the
appropriate tm structure members are set to values corresponding to the locale
information. Case is ignored when matching items in buf such as month or weekday names. If
no match is found, strptime() fails and no more characters are scanned.
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, strptime() shall return a pointer to the character following
the last character parsed. Otherwise, a null pointer shall be returned.
ERRORS
No errors are defined.
The following sections are informative.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
Several "equivalent to" formats and the special processing of white-space characters are
provided in order to ease the use of identical format strings for strftime() and
strptime().
Applications should use %Y (4-digit years) in preference to %y (2-digit years).
It is unspecified whether multiple calls to strptime() using the same tm structure will
update the current contents of the structure or overwrite all contents of the structure.
Conforming applications should make a single call to strptime() with a format and all data
needed to completely specify the date and time being converted.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The strptime() function is expected to be mandatory in the next version of this volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001.
SEE ALSO
scanf() , strftime() , time() , the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
<time.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The
original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .