Provided by: insserv_1.14.0-5ubuntu2_amd64 
NAME
insserv - boot sequence organizer using LSB init.d script dependency information
SYNOPSIS
insserv [-v] [-c <config>] [-p <path>] [-d] [-f] [[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
insserv [-v] [-c <config>] [-p <path>]
[[/]path/to/init.d/]script[,start=<lvl1,lvl2,...>,stop=<lvl1,lvl2,...>]
insserv [-v] [-c <config>] [-p <path>] -r [-d] [-f] [[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
insserv -h
DESCRIPTION
insserv is a low level tool used by update-rc.d which enables an installed system init script (`boot
script') by reading the comment header of the script, e.g.:
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Required-Start: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Required-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Should-Start: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Should-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# X-Start-Before: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# X-Stop-After: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Default-Start: run_level_1 [ run_level_2 ...]
# Default-Stop: run_level_1 [ run_level_2 ...]
# X-Interactive: true
# Short-Description: single_line_description
# Description: multiline_description
### END INIT INFO
and calculating the dependencies between all scripts. It is not recommended to execute insserv directly
unless you know exactly what you're doing, doing so may render your boot system inoperable. update-rc.d
is the recommended interface for managing init scripts. Please be aware that the line
# Required-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
declares facilities which must be available during shutdown of the service declared in the Provides tag.
Same holds true for
# Should-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
which declares facilities which should be available during shutdown of the service declared in the
Provides tag. In both cases the script system should avoid stopping services which are declared by these
two Stop tags until the script including these tags is stopped.
The optional X-Interactive keyword implies that the script using this keyword should be started alone in
a concurrent boot configuration because it interact with the user at the console. Only the value `true'
is recognised. All other are ignored.
The optional X-Start-Before keyword implies that the script using this keyword should be started before
the specified service names. Whereas the optional X-Stop-After keyword implies that the script using
this keyword should be stopped after the specified service names. Both implies that those services now
depend on the specifying script. With known dependencies and runlevel(s) insserv sets and reorders the
corresponding symbolic links of the concerned runlevels directories.
insserv scans for System Facilities in the configuration file /etc/insserv.conf and each file in the
directory /etc/insserv.conf.d/. Each line which begins with $ and a following name defines a system
facility accordingly to the Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB), All names followed by such a system
facility will declare the required dependencies of the facility. Here is an example for
/etc/insserv.conf:
# All local filesystems are mounted
# (done during boot phase)
$local_fs boot
# Low level networking
$network network route
# Named is operational
$named named
# All remote filesystems are mounted
# (in some cases /usr may be remote).
$remote_fs $local_fs nfs
# System logger is operational
$syslog syslog
# All network daemons are running (This was removed in LSB 1.2)
$netdaemons portmap inetd
# Services which need to be interactive
<interactive> boot.crypto
Names starting with a `+' sign are marked as optional. If the service with the name after the plus sign
is available it will be used, if not available it is ignored silently. Words beginning with < and ending
with > are keywords. Currently <interactive> is the only know keyword for marking a service as an
interactive one, e.g. a service which requires a passphrase or password input during boot or runlevel
change. The special facility $null is used to enforce an empty dependency in case of Should-Stop and
Required-Stop.
In addition to the defined System Facilities in the configuration file /etc/insserv.conf, insserv also
knows the special facility $all. This facility indicates that a service should be inserted at the end of
all services at starting and at the very beginning at stopping. Clearly all services using this facility
will be grouped into one starting or stopping order.
OPTIONS
Currently there exists nine options for insserv.
-v, --verbose
Write out what is currently going on.
-c <config>, --config <config>
Specify path to the insserv.conf file and the insserv.conf.d directory. Useful for testing.
-o <path>, --override <path>
LSB comment headers found in this path will override existing LSB comment headers of scripts in
the init.d directory (default path is /etc/insserv/overrides/).
-p <path>, --path <path>
Specify path to init.d directory. Useful for testing.
-n, --dryrun
Do not update symlinks.
-r, --remove
Remove the listed scripts from all runlevels.
-d, --default
Use default runlevels as defined in the scripts. This may restore an edited runlevel link scheme.
-f, --force
Ignore if a required service is missed. Beside this if start and or stop levels are specified on
the command line the default levels of the script will be ignored.
-u <path>, --upstart-job <path>
Path to replace existing upstart job path. (default path is /lib/init/upstart-job).
-s, --showall
Output runlevel and sequence information. Do not update symlinks.
-h, --help
Print out short usage message.
But you may use the argument syntax described in the following section.
ARGUMENTS
[[/]path/to/init.d/]
Relative or absolute path to the init scripts base directory. This defaults to /etc/init.d/ in
compliance with the LSB specification. In this case insserv does not add or remove a script to
the runlevels declared in the script headers, but may re-order the runlevels if the order of the
currently enabled scripts has changed (see option -d). Note that if a relative path is used
insserv has to be called from the root directory.
[[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
List of scripts which have to be added to the runlevels. If a path is used it should point to the
absolute or relative location of the boot scripts. insserv checks for the existence of these
scripts. For the runlevels the information found in the script is used.
[[/]path/to/init.d/]script[,start=<lvl1,lvl2,...>]
List of scripts which have to be added to the specified runlevels to be started with. You may use
this extension to override the default values for start and stop runlevels of the script. Note
that lvl1, lvl2, ... are the known runlevels explained above. The extension
,stop=<lvl1,lvl2,...> is also possible.
-r [[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
List of scripts which should be removed from the runlevels. If a path is used it should point to
the absolute or relative location of the boot scripts. insserv checks for the existence of these
scripts.
OVERRIDES
Beside using the extensions ,start=<lvl1,lvl2,...> and ,stop=<lvl1,lvl2,...> it is possible to use
override files replace a LSB comment header or simple provide a missing LSB comment header. This can be
done by placing a file with the new LSB comment header using the same name as the boot or init script in
the directory /etc/insserv/overrides/. For third party boot scripts without LSB header it is possible to
add a file with the same name in the directory /usr/share/insserv/overrides/ to make them completely LSB
compliant.
UPSTART JOB COMPATIBILITY
To allow upstart jobs to work as init.d scripts, insserv will recognize a symlink from
path/to/init.d/script to /lib/init/upstart-job as upstart jobs, and instead of reading the header from
the file will run the script with the argument lsb-header to get the script header.
EXIT CODES
The exit codes have the following conditions:
0 Service was successfully installed or removed
1 Service was not installed or removed
NOTE
Please be aware that the following patterns of boot script file names will be not accepted by insserv:
*.dpkg*
*.rpm*
*.ba*
*.old
*.new
*.org
*.orig
*.save
*.swp
*.core
*~
with the wildcard character *. Beside this all boot script file names beginning with one of the
following characters
$.#%_+-\*[]^:()~
will be ignored.
BUGS
Boot scripts sometimes lack a LSB comment header. Contact a package maintainer or developer of the
software which provides the script to have a LSB comment header added to it.
FILES
/etc/insserv.conf
configuration file for insserv which defines the LSB System Facilities.
/etc/insserv.conf.d/
directory for further configuration files for declaring LSB System Facilities.
/etc/insserv/overrides/
path to replace existing LSB comment headers with the comment headers found in this path.
/etc/init.d/
path to the init script base directory as required by the Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB).
/etc/init.d/.depend.boot,
/etc/init.d/.depend.start,
/etc/init.d/.depend.stop
The make(1) like dependency files produced by insserv for booting, starting, and stopping with the
help of startpar(8).
SEE ALSO
init(8), startpar(8), update-rc.d(8).
COPYRIGHT
2000-2009 Werner Fink,
2009 SuSE Linux Products GmbH Nuernberg, Germany.
2000-2003 SuSE GmbH Nuernberg, Germany,
2007-2009 SuSE Linux Products GmbH Nuernberg, Germany.
AUTHOR
Werner Fink <feedback@suse.de>
CONTRIBUTORS
Petter Reinholdtsen
Kel Modderman
3rd Berkeley Distribution Jul 29, 2008 INSSERV(8)