Provided by: freebsd-manpages_9.2+1-1_all bug

NAME

     make_dev, make_dev_cred, make_dev_credf, make_dev_p, make_dev_alias, make_dev_alias_p,
     destroy_dev, destroy_dev_sched, destroy_dev_sched_cb, destroy_dev_drain, dev_depends —
     manage cdev's and DEVFS registration for devices

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/param.h>
     #include <sys/conf.h>

     struct cdev *
     make_dev(struct cdevsw *cdevsw, int unit, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int perms, const char *fmt,
         ...);

     struct cdev *
     make_dev_cred(struct cdevsw *cdevsw, int unit, struct ucred *cr, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
         int perms, const char *fmt, ...);

     struct cdev *
     make_dev_credf(int flags, struct cdevsw *cdevsw, int unit, struct ucred *cr, uid_t uid,
         gid_t gid, int perms, const char *fmt, ...);

     int
     make_dev_p(int flags, struct cdev **cdev, struct cdevsw *devsw, struct ucred *cr, uid_t uid,
         gid_t gid, int mode, const char *fmt, ...);

     struct cdev *
     make_dev_alias(struct cdev *pdev, const char *fmt, ...);

     int
     make_dev_alias_p(int flags, struct cdev **cdev, struct cdev *pdev, const char *fmt, ...);

     void
     destroy_dev(struct cdev *dev);

     void
     destroy_dev_sched(struct cdev *dev);

     void
     destroy_dev_sched_cb(struct cdev *dev, void (*cb)(void *), void *arg);

     void
     destroy_dev_drain(struct cdevsw *csw);

     void
     dev_depends(struct cdev *pdev, struct cdev *cdev);

DESCRIPTION

     The make_dev_credf() function creates a cdev structure for a new device.  It also notifies
     devfs(5) of the presence of the new device, that causes corresponding nodes to be created.
     Besides this, a devctl(4) notification is sent.  The device will be owned by uid, with the
     group ownership as gid.  The name is the expansion of fmt and following arguments as
     printf(9) would print it.  The name determines its path under /dev or other devfs(5) mount
     point and may contain slash ‘/’ characters to denote subdirectories.  The permissions of the
     file specified in perms are defined in <sys/stat.h>:

           #define S_IRWXU 0000700    /* RWX mask for owner */
           #define S_IRUSR 0000400    /* R for owner */
           #define S_IWUSR 0000200    /* W for owner */
           #define S_IXUSR 0000100    /* X for owner */

           #define S_IRWXG 0000070    /* RWX mask for group */
           #define S_IRGRP 0000040    /* R for group */
           #define S_IWGRP 0000020    /* W for group */
           #define S_IXGRP 0000010    /* X for group */

           #define S_IRWXO 0000007    /* RWX mask for other */
           #define S_IROTH 0000004    /* R for other */
           #define S_IWOTH 0000002    /* W for other */
           #define S_IXOTH 0000001    /* X for other */

           #define S_ISUID 0004000    /* set user id on execution */
           #define S_ISGID 0002000    /* set group id on execution */
           #define S_ISVTX 0001000    /* sticky bit */
           #ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
           #define S_ISTXT 0001000
           #endif

     The cr argument specifies credentials that will be stored in the si_cred member of the
     initialized struct cdev.  The flags argument alters the operation of make_dev_credf() or
     make_dev_p().  The following values are currently accepted:

           MAKEDEV_REF        reference the created device
           MAKEDEV_NOWAIT     do not sleep, the call may fail
           MAKEDEV_WAITOK     allow the function to sleep to satisfy malloc
           MAKEDEV_ETERNAL    created device will be never destroyed
           MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME  return an error if the device name is invalid or already exists

     Only MAKEDEV_NOWAIT, MAKEDEV_WAITOK and MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME values are accepted for the
     make_dev_alias_p() function.

     The MAKEDEV_WAITOK flag is assumed if none of MAKEDEV_WAITOK, MAKEDEV_NOWAIT is specified.

     The dev_clone(9) event handler shall specify MAKEDEV_REF flag when creating a device in
     response to lookup, to avoid race where the device created is destroyed immediately after
     devfs_lookup(9) drops his reference to cdev.

     The MAKEDEV_ETERNAL flag allows the kernel to not acquire some locks when translating system
     calls into the cdevsw methods calls.  It is responsibility of the driver author to make sure
     that destroy_dev() is never called on the returned cdev.  For the convenience, use the
     MAKEDEV_ETERNAL_KLD flag for the code that can be compiled into kernel or loaded (and
     unloaded) as loadable module.

     A panic will occur if the MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME flag is not specified and the device name is
     invalid or already exists.

     The make_dev_cred() function is equivalent to the call

           make_dev_credf(0, cdevsw, unit, cr, uid, gid, perms, fmt, ...);

     The make_dev() function call is the same as

           make_dev_credf(0, cdevsw, unit, NULL, uid, gid, perms, fmt, ...);

     The make_dev_p() function is similar to make_dev_credf() but it may return an error number
     and takes a pointer to the resulting *cdev as an argument.

     The make_dev_alias() function takes the returned cdev from make_dev() and makes another
     (aliased) name for this device.  It is an error to call make_dev_alias() prior to calling
     make_dev().

     make_dev_alias_p() function is similar to make_dev_alias() but it takes a pointer to the
     resulting *cdev as an argument and may return an error.

     The cdev returned by make_dev() and make_dev_alias() has two fields, si_drv1 and si_drv2,
     that are available to store state.  Both fields are of type void *.  These are designed to
     replace the unit argument to make_dev(), which can be obtained with dev2unit().

     The destroy_dev() function takes the returned cdev from make_dev() and destroys the
     registration for that device.  The notification is sent to devctl(4) about the destruction
     event.  Do not call destroy_dev() on devices that were created with make_dev_alias().

     The dev_depends() function establishes a parent-child relationship between two devices.  The
     net effect is that a destroy_dev() of the parent device will also result in the destruction
     of the child device(s), if any exist.  A device may simultaneously be a parent and a child,
     so it is possible to build a complete hierarchy.

     The destroy_dev_sched_cb() function schedules execution of the destroy_dev() for the
     specified cdev in the safe context.  After destroy_dev() is finished, and if the supplied cb
     is not NULL, the callback cb is called, with argument arg.  The destroy_dev_sched() function
     is the same as

           destroy_dev_sched_cb(cdev, NULL, NULL);

     The d_close() driver method cannot call destroy_dev() directly.  Doing so causes deadlock
     when destroy_dev() waits for all threads to leave the driver methods.  Also, because
     destroy_dev() sleeps, no non-sleepable locks may be held over the call.  The
     destroy_dev_sched() family of functions overcome these issues.

     The device driver may call the destroy_dev_drain() function to wait until all devices that
     have supplied csw as cdevsw, are destroyed.  This is useful when driver knows that
     destroy_dev_sched() is called for all instantiated devices, but need to postpone module
     unload until destroy_dev() is actually finished for all of them.

RETURN VALUES

     If successful, make_dev_p() will return 0, otherwise it will return an error.  If
     successful, make_dev_credf() will return a valid cdev pointer, otherwise it will return
     NULL.

ERRORS

     The make_dev_p() and make_dev_alias_p() call will fail and the device will be not registered
     if:

     [ENOMEM]           The MAKEDEV_NOWAIT flag was specified and a memory allocation request
                        could not be satisfied.

     [ENAMETOOLONG]     The MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME flag was specified and the provided device name is
                        longer than SPECNAMELEN.

     [EINVAL]           The MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME flag was specified and the provided device name is
                        empty, contains a "." or ".." path component or ends with ‘/’.

     [EEXIST]           The MAKEDEV_CHECKNAME flag was specified and the provided device name
                        already exists.

SEE ALSO

     devctl(4), devfs(5), destroy_dev_drain(9), dev_clone(9)

HISTORY

     The make_dev() and destroy_dev() functions first appeared in FreeBSD 4.0.  The function
     make_dev_alias() first appeared in FreeBSD 4.1.  The function dev_depends() first appeared
     in FreeBSD 5.0.  The functions make_dev_credf(), destroy_dev_sched(), destroy_dev_sched_cb()
     first appeared in FreeBSD 7.0.  The function make_dev_p() first appeared in FreeBSD 8.2.