NAME

     mbuf_tags — a framework for generic packet attributes

SYNOPSIS

     #include <sys/mbuf.h>

     struct m_tag *
     m_tag_alloc(u_int32_t cookie, int type, int len, int wait);

     struct m_tag *
     m_tag_copy(struct m_tag *t, int how);

     int
     m_tag_copy_chain(struct mbuf *to, struct mbuf *from, int how);

     void
     m_tag_delete(struct mbuf *m, struct m_tag *t);

     void
     m_tag_delete_chain(struct mbuf *m, struct m_tag *t);

     void
     m_tag_delete_nonpersistent(struct mbuf *m);

     struct m_tag *
     m_tag_find(struct mbuf *m, int type, struct m_tag *start);

     struct m_tag *
     m_tag_first(struct mbuf *m);

     void
     m_tag_free(struct m_tag *t);

     struct m_tag *
     m_tag_get(int type, int len, int wait);

     void
     m_tag_init(struct mbuf *m);

     struct m_tag *
     m_tag_locate(struct mbuf *m, u_int32_t cookie, int type, struct m_tag *t);

     struct m_tag *
     m_tag_next(struct mbuf *m, struct m_tag *t);

     void
     m_tag_prepend(struct mbuf *m, struct m_tag *t);

     void
     m_tag_unlink(struct mbuf *m, struct m_tag *t);

DESCRIPTION

     Mbuf tags allow additional meta-data to be associated with in-flight packets by providing a
     mechanism for the tagging of additional kernel memory onto packet header mbufs.  Tags are
     maintained in chains off of the mbuf(9) header, and maintained using a series of API calls
     to allocate, search, and delete tags.  Tags are identified using an ID and cookie that
     uniquely identify a class of data tagged onto the packet, and may contain an arbitrary
     amount of additional storage.  Typical uses of mbuf tags include Mandatory Access Control
     (MAC) labels as described in mac(9), IPsec policy information as described in ipsec(4), and
     packet filter tags used by pf(4).

     Tags will be maintained across a variety of operations, including the copying of packet
     headers using facilities such as M_COPY_PKTHDR() and M_MOVE_PKTHDR().  Any tags associated
     with an mbuf header will be automatically freed when the mbuf is freed, although some
     subsystems will wish to delete the tags prior to that time.

     Packet tags are used by different kernel APIs to keep track of operations done or scheduled
     to happen to packets.  Each packet tag can be distinguished by its type and cookie.  The
     cookie is used to identify a specific module or API.  The packet tags are attached to mbuf
     packet headers.

     The first sizeof(struct m_tag) bytes of a tag contain a struct m_tag:

     struct m_tag {
             SLIST_ENTRY(m_tag)      m_tag_link;     /* List of packet tags */
             u_int16_t               m_tag_id;       /* Tag ID */
             u_int16_t               m_tag_len;      /* Length of data */
             u_int32_t               m_tag_cookie;   /* ABI/Module ID */
             void                    (*m_tag_free)(struct m_tag *);
     };

     The m_tag_link field is used to link tags together (see queue(3) for more details).  The
     m_tag_id, m_tag_len and m_tag_cookie fields are set to type, length, and cookie,
     respectively.  m_tag_free points to m_tag_free_default().  Following this structure are
     m_tag_len bytes of space that can be used to store tag-specific information.  Addressing
     this data region may be tricky.  A safe way is embedding struct m_tag into a private data
     structure, as follows:

           struct foo {
                   struct m_tag    tag;
                   ...
           };
           struct foo *p = (struct foo *)m_tag_alloc(...);
           struct m_tag *mtag = &p->tag;

     Note that OpenBSD does not support cookies, it needs m_tag_id to be globally unique.  To
     keep compatibility with OpenBSD, a cookie MTAG_ABI_COMPAT is provided along with some
     compatibility functions.  When writing an OpenBSD compatible code, one should be careful not
     to take already used tag type.  Tag types are defined in <sys/mbuf.h>.

   Packet Tag Manipulation Functions
           m_tag_alloc(cookie, type, len, wait)
           Allocate a new tag of type type and cookie cookie with len bytes of space following
           the tag header itself.  The wait argument is passed directly to malloc(9).  If
           successful, m_tag_alloc() returns a memory buffer of (len + sizeof(struct m_tag))
           bytes.  Otherwise, NULL is returned.  A compatibility function m_tag_get() is also
           provided.

           m_tag_copy(tag, how)
           Allocate a copy of tag.  The how argument is passed directly to m_tag_alloc().  The
           return values are the same as in m_tag_alloc().

           m_tag_copy_chain(tombuf, frommbuf, how)
           Allocate and copy all tags from mbuf frommbuf to mbuf tombuf.  Returns 1 on success,
           and 0 on failure.  In the latter case, mbuf tombuf loses all its tags, even previously
           present.

           m_tag_delete(mbuf, tag)
           Remove tag from mbuf's list and free it.

           m_tag_delete_chain(mbuf, tag)
           Remove and free a packet tag chain, starting from tag.  If tag is NULL, all tags are
           deleted.

           m_tag_delete_nonpersistent(mbuf)
           Traverse mbuf's tags and delete those which do not have the MTAG_PERSISTENT flag set.

           m_tag_first(mbuf)
           Return the first tag associated with mbuf.

           m_tag_free(tag)
           Free tag using its m_tag_free method.  The m_tag_free_default() function is used by
           default.

           m_tag_init(mbuf)
           Initialize the tag storage for packet mbuf.

           m_tag_locate(mbuf, cookie, type, tag)
           Search for a tag defined by type and cookie in mbuf, starting from position specified
           by tag.  If the latter is NULL, then search through the whole list.  Upon success, a
           pointer to the first found tag is returned.  In either case, NULL is returned.  A
           compatibility function m_tag_find() is also provided.

           m_tag_next(mbuf, tag)
           Return tag next to tag in mbuf.  If absent, NULL is returned.

           m_tag_prepend(mbuf, tag)
           Add the new tag tag at the head of the tag list for packet mbuf.

           m_tag_unlink(mbuf, tag)
           Remove tag tag from the list of tags of packet mbuf.

CODE REFERENCES

     The tag-manipulating code is contained in the file sys/kern/uipc_mbuf2.c.  Inlined functions
     are defined in <sys/mbuf.h>.

SEE ALSO

     queue(3), mbuf(9)

HISTORY

     The packet tags first appeared in OpenBSD 2.9 and were written by Angelos D. Keromytis
     <angelos@openbsd.org>.