Provided by: irsim_9.7.82-2_amd64 
NAME
irsim - An event-driven logic-level simulator for MOS circuits
SYNOPSIS
irsim [-s] prm_file sim_file ... [+hist_file] [-cmd_file ...]
DESCRIPTION
IRSIM is an event-driven logic-level simulator for MOS (both N and P) transistor circuits. Two
simulation models are available:
switch Each transistor is modeled as a voltage-controlled switch. Useful for initializing or determining
the functionality of the network.
linear Each transistor is modeled as a resistor in series with a voltage-controlled switch; each node has
a capacitance. Node values and transition times are computed from the resulting RC network, using
Chorng-Yeoung Chu's model. Chris Terman's original model is not supported any more.
If the -s switch is specified, 2 or more transistors of the same type connected in series, with no other
connections to their common source/drain will be stacked into a compound transistor with multiple gates.
The prm_file is the electrical parameters file that configure the devices to be simulated. It defines
the capacitance of the various layers, transistor resistances, threshold voltages, etc... (see
presim(1)).
If prm_file does not specify an absolute path then IRSIM will search for the prm_file as follows (in that
order):
1) ./<prm_file> (in the current directory).
2) ${CAD_ROOT}/irsim/<prm_file>
3) ${CAD_ROOT}/irsim/<prm_file>.prm
The default search directory (nominally /usr/local/lib) can be overriden by setting the environment
variable CAD_ROOT to the appropriate directory prior to running IRSIM (i.e. setenv CAD_ROOT /cad/lib).
IRSIM first processes the files named on the command line, then (assuming the exit command has not been
processed) accepts commands from the user, executing each command before reading the next.
File names NOT beginning with a '-' are assumed to be sim files (see sim(5)), note that this version does
not require to run the sim files through presim. These files are read and added to the network database.
There is only a single name space for nodes, so references to node "A" in different network files all
refer to the same node. While this feature allows one to modularize a large circuit into several network
files, care must be taken to ensure that no unwanted node merges happen due to an unfortunate clash in
names.
File names prefaced with a '-' are assumed to be command files: text files which contain command lines to
be processed in the normal fashion. These files are processed line by line; when an end-of-file is
encountered, processing continues with the next file. After all the command files have been processed,
and if an "exit" command has not terminated the simulation run, IRSIM will accept further commands from
the user, prompting for each one like so:
irsim>
The hist_file is the name of a file created with the dumph command (see below). If it is present, IRSIM
will initilize the network to the state saved in that file. This file is different from the ones created
with the ">" command since it saves the state of every node for all times, including any pending events.
This version supports changes to the network through the update command. Also, the capability to
incrementally re-simulate the network up to the current time is provided by the isim command.
COMMAND SUMMARY
@ filename take commands from command file
? wnode... print info about node's source/drain connections
! wnode... print info about node's gate connections
< filename restore network state from file
> filename write current network state to file
<< filename same as "<" but restores inputs too
| comment... comment line
activity from [to] graph circuit activity in time interval
ana wnode... display nodes in analyzer window
analyzer wnode... display nodes in analyzer window
assert wnode [m] val assert that wnode equals value
assertWhen nodeT valT node val
assert when a condition is met
back [time] move back to time
c [n] simulate for n clock cycles (default:1)
changes from [to] print nodes that changed in time interval
clock [node [val]] define value sequence for clock node
clear clear analyzer window (remove signals)
d [wnode]... print display list or specified node(s)
debug [debug_level...]
set debug level (default: off)
decay [n] set charge decay time (0 => no decay)
display [arg]... control what gets displayed when
dumph filename... write net history to file
hist [on|off] turn history on or off
exit [status] return to system
flush [time] flush out history up to time (default: now)
h wnode... make node logic high (1) input
has_coords print YES if transistor coordinates are available
inputs print current list of input nodes
ires [n] set incremental resolution to n ns
isim [filename] incrementally resimulate changes form filename
l wnode... make node logic low (0) input
logfile [filename] start/stop log file
model [name] set simulation model to name
p step clock one simulation step (phase)
path wnode... display critical path for last transition of a node
powlogfile [filename] start/stop power logfile
powtrace -[node]... start/stop power tracing of specified node(s)/vector(s)
powstep toggle the display of power estimate for each timestep
print comment... print specified text
printp print a list of all pending events
printx print all undefined (X) nodes
q terminate input from current stream
R [n] simulate for n cycles (default:longest sequence)
readh filename read history from filename
report[level] set/reset reporting of decay events
s [n] simulate for n ns. (default: stepsize)
stepsize [n] set simulation step size to n ns.
set vector value assign value to vector
setlog[file|off] log net changes to file (off -> no log)
setpath [path...] set search path for cmd files
stats print event statistics
sumcap print out the sum of the capacitance of all nodes
t [-]wnode... start/stop tracing of specified nodes
tcap print list of shorted transistors
time [command] print resource utilization summary
until wnode [mask] value count
delayed assert based on the clock count.
u wnode... make node undefined (X) input
unitdelay [n] force transitions to take n ns. (0 disables)
update filename read net changes from file
V [node [value...]] define sequence of inputs for a node
vector label node... define bit vector
vsupply voltage set supply voltage for calculating power (default 5V)
w [-]wnode... add/delete nodes from display list
wnet [filename] write network to file
x wnode... remove node from input lists
Xdisplay [host:n] set/show X display (for analyzer)
COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
Commands have the following simple syntax:
cmd arg1 arg2 ... argn <newline>
where cmd specifies the command to be performed and the argi are arguments to that command. The
arguments are separated by spaces (or tabs) and the command is terminated by a <newline>.
If cmd is not one of the built-in commands documented below, IRSIM appends ".cmd" to the command name and
tries to open that file as a command file (see "@" command). Thus the command "foo" has the same effect
as "@ foo.cmd".
Notation:
... indicates zero or more repetitions
[ ] enclosed arguments are optional
node name of node or vector in network
wnode name of node or vector in network, can include '*' wildcard which matches any sequence of zero or
more characters. The pair of characters '{' and '}' denote iteration over the limits enclosed by
it, for example: name{1:10} will expand into name1, name2 ... name10. A 3rd optional argument
sets the stride, for example: name{1:10:2} will expand into name1, name3, ... name7, name9.
| comment...
Lines beginning with vertical bar are treated as comments and ignored -- useful for comments or
temporarily disabling certain commands in a command file.
Most commands take one or more node names as arguments. Whenever a node name is acceptible in a command
line, one can also use the name of a bit vector. In this case, the command will be applied to each node
of the vector (the "t" and "d" treat vectors specially, see below).
vector label node...
Define a bit vector named "label" which includes the specified nodes. If you redefine a bit
vector, any special attributes of the old vector (e.g., being on the display or trace list) are
lost. Wild cards are not accepted in the list of node names since you would have no control over
the order in which matching nodes would appear in the vector.
The simulator performs most commands silently. To find out what's happened you can use one of the
following commands to examine the state of the network and/or the simulator.
set vector value
Assign value to vector. For example, the following sequence of commands:
vector BUS bit.1 bit.2 bit.3
set BUS 01x
The first command will define BUS to be a vector composed of nodes bit.1, bit.2, and bit.3. The
second command will assign the following values:
bit.1 = 0
bit.2 = 1
bit.3 = X
Value can be any sequence of [0,1,h,H,l,L,x,X], and must be of the same length as the bit vector
itself.
d [wnode]...
Display. Without arguments displays the values all nodes and bit vectors currently on the display
list (see w command). With arguments, only displays the nodes or bit vectors specified. See also
the "display" command if you wish to have the display list printed out automatically at the end of
certain simulation commands.
w [-]wnode...
Watch/unwatch one or more nodes. Whenever a "d" command is given, each watched node will
displayed like so:
node1=0 node2=X ...
To remove a node from the watched list, preface its name with a '-'. If wnode is the name of a
bit vector, the values of the nodes which make up the vector will be displayed as follows:
label=010100
where the first 0 is the value of first node in the list, the first 1 the value of the second
node, etc.
assert wnode [mask] value
Assert that the boolean value of the node or vector wnode is value. If the comparison fails, an
error message is printed. If mask is given then only those bits corresponding to zero bits in
mask take part in the comparison, any character other than 0 will skip that bit. The format of
the error message is the following:
(tty, 3): assertion failed on 'name' 10X10 (1010X)
Where name is the name of the vector, followed by the actual value and the expected value enclosed
in parenthesis. If a mask is specified, then bits that were not compared are printed as '-'.
until wnode [mask] value count
Acts just like the assert command except it requires an additional argument <count> which is the
max number of clock cycles to run. Instead of just testing the current state, like assert, until
tests for true and if false it runs clock cycles until condition becomes true or count runs out.
ana wnode...
This is a shorthand for the analyzer command (described below).
analyzer wnode...
Add the specified node(s)/vector(s) to the analyzer display list (see irsim-analyzer(3) for a
detailed explanation). If the analyzer window does not exist, it will be created. If no
arguments are given and the analyzer window already exists, nothing happens.
Xdisplay [host:display]
You must be able to connect to an X-server to start the analyzer. If you haven't set up the
DISPLAY environment variable properly, the analyzer command may fail. If this is the case you can
use the Xdisplay command to set it from within the simulator. With no arguments, the name of the
current X-server will be printed.
clear Removes all nodes and vectors from the analyzer window. This command is most useful in command
scripts for switching between different signals being displayed on the analyzer.
"?" and "!" allow the user to go both backwards and forwards through the network. This is a useful
debugging aid.
? wnode...
Prints a synopsis of the named nodes including their current values and the state of all
transistors that affect the value of these nodes. This is the most common way of wandering
through the network in search of what went wrong.
The output from the command ? out looks like
out=0 (vl=0.3 vh=0.8) (0.100 pf) is computed from:
n-channel phi2=0 out=0 in=0 [1.0e+04, 1.3e+04, 8.7e+03]
pulled down by (a=1 b=1) [1.0e+04, 1.3e+04, 8.8e+03]
pulled up [4.0e+04, 7.4e+04, 4.0e+04]
The first line gives the node's name and current value, its low and high logic thresholds, user-
specifed low-to-high and high-to-low propagation delays if present, and its capacitance if
nonzero. Succeeding lines list the transistor whose sources or drains connect to this node: the
transistor type ("pulled down" is an n-channel transistor connected to gnd, "pulled up" is a
depletion pullup or p-channel transistor connected to vdd), the values of the gate, source, and
drain nodes, and the modeling resistances. Simple chains of transistors with the same implant
type are collapsed by the -s option into a single transistor with a "compound" gate; compound
gates appear as a parenthesized list of nodes (e.g., the pulldown shown above). The three
resistance values -- static, dynamic high, dynamic low -- are given in Kilo-ohms.
Finally, any pending events for a node are listed after the electrical information.
! wnode...
For each node in the argument list, print a list of transistors controlled by that node.
tcap
Prints a list of all transistors with their source/drain shorted together or whose source/drain
are connected to the power supplies. These transistors will have no effect on the simulation
other than their gate capacitance load. Although transistors connected across the power supplies
are real design errors, the simulator does not complain about them.
Any node can be made an input -- the simulator will not change an input node's value until it is
released. Usually on specific nodes -- inputs to the circuit -- are manipulated using the commands
below, but you can fool with a subcircuit by forcing values on internal nodes just as easily.
h wnode...
Force each node on the argument list to be a high (1) input. Overrides previous input commands if
necessary.
l wnode...
Like "h" except forces nodes to be a low (0) input.
u wnode...
Like "h" except forces nodes to be a undefined (X) input.
x wnode...
Removes nodes from whatever input list they happen to be on. The next simulation step will
determine the correct node value from the surrounding circuit. This is the default state of most
nodes. Note that this does not force nodes to have an "X" value -- it simply removes them from
the input lists.
inputs prints the high, low, and undefined input lists.
It is possible to define a sequence of values for a node, and then cycle the circuit as many times as
necessary to input each value and simulate the network. A similar mechanism is used to define the
sequence of values each clock node goes through during a single cycle.
Each value is a list of characters (with no intervening blanks) chosen from the following:
1, h, H logic high (1)
0, l, L logic low (0)
u, U undefined (X)
x, X remove node from input lists
Presumably the length of the character list is the same as the size of the node/vector to which it will
be assigned. Blanks (spaces and tabs) are used to separate values in a sequence. The sequence is used
one value at a time, left to right. If more values are needed than supplied by the sequence, IRSIM just
restarts the sequence again.
V [node [value...]]
Define a vector of inputs for a node. After each cycle of an "R" command, the node is set to the
next value specified in the sequence.
With no arguments, clears all input sequences (does not affect clock sequences however). With one
argument, "node", clears any input sequences for that node/vector.
clock [node [value...]]
Define a phase of the clock. Each cycle, each node specified by a clock command must run through
its respective values. For example,
clock phi1 1 0 0 0
clock phi2 0 0 1 0
defines a simple 4-phase clock using nodes phi1 and phi2. Alternatively one could have issued the
following commands:
vector clk phi1 phi2
clock clk 10 00 01 00
With no arguments, clears all clock sequences. With one argument, "node", clears any clock
sequences for that node/vector.
After input values have been established, their effect can be propagated through the network with the
following commands. The basic simulated time unit is 0.1ns; all event times are quantized into basic
time units. A simulation step continues until stepsize ns. have elapsed, and any events scheduled for
that interval are processed. It is possible to build circuits which oscillate -- if the period of
oscillation is zero, the simulation command will not return. If this seems to be the case, you can hit
<ctrl-C> to return to the command interpreter. Note that if you do this while input is being taken from
a file, the simulator will bring you to the top level interpreter, aborting all pending input from any
command files.
When using the linear model (see the "model" command) transition times are estimated using an RC time
constant calculated from the surrounding circuit. When using the switch model, transitions are scheduled
with unit delay. These calculations can be overridden for a node by setting its tplh and tphl parameters
which will then be used to determine the time for a transition.
s [n] Simulation step. Propogates new values for the inputs through the network, returns when n
(default: stepsize) ns. have passed. If n is specified, it will temporarily override the stepsize
value. Unlike previous versions, this value is NOT remembered as the default value for the
stepsize parameter. If the display mode is "automatic", the current display list is printed out
on the completion of this command (see "display" command).
c [n] Cycle n times (default: 1) through the clock, as defined by the "clock" command. Each phase of
the clock lasts stepsize ns. If the display mode is "automatic", the current display list is
printed out on the completion of this command (see "display" command).
p Step the clock through one phase (or simulation step). For example, if the clock is defined as
above
clock phi1 1 0 0 0
clock phi2 0 0 1 0
then "p" will set phi1 to 1 and phi2 to 0, and then propagate the effects for one simulation step.
The next time "p" is issued, phi1 and phi2 will both be set to 0, and the effects propagated, and
so on. If the "c" command is issued after "p" has been used, the effect will be to step through
the next 4 phases from where the "p" command left off.
R [n] Run the simulator through n cycles (see the "c" command). If n is not present make the run as
long as the longest sequence. If display mode is automatic (see "display" command) the display is
printed at the end of each cycle. Each "R" command starts over at the beginning of the sequence
defined for each node.
back time
Move back to the specified time. This command restores circuit state as of time, effectively
undoing any changes in between. Note that you can not move past any previously flushed out
history (see flush command below) as the history mechanism is used to restore the network state.
This command can be useful to undo a mistake in the input vectors or to re-simulate the circuit
with a different debug level.
path wnode...
display critical path(s) for last transition of the specified node(s). The critical path
transistions are reported using the following format:
node -> value @ time (delta)
where node is the name of the node, value is the value to which the node transitioned, time is the
time at which the transistion occurred, and delta is the delay through the node since the last
transition. For example:
critical path for last transition of Hit_v1:
phi1-> 1 @ 2900.0ns , node was an input
PC_driver-> 0 @ 2900.4ns (0.4ns)
PC_b_q1-> 1 @ 2904.0ns (3.6ns)
tagDone_b_v1-> 0 @ 2912.8ns (8.8ns)
tagDone1_v1-> 1 @ 2915.3ns (2.5ns)
tagDone1_b_v1-> 0 @ 2916.0ns (0.7ns)
tagDone_v1-> 1 @ 2918.4ns (2.4ns)
tagCmp_b_v1-> 0 @ 2922.1ns (3.7ns)
tagCmp_v1-> 1 @ 2923.0ns (0.9ns)
Vbit_b_v1-> 0 @ 2923.2ns (0.2ns)
Hit_v1-> 1 @ 2923.5ns (0.3ns)
activity from_time [to_time]
print histogram showing amount of circuit activity in the specified time inteval. Actually only
shows number of nodes which had their most recent transition in the interval.
changes from_time [to_time]
print list of nodes which last changed value in the specified time interval.
printp print list of all pending events sorted in time. The node associated with each event and the
scheduled time is printed.
printx print a list of all nodes with undefined (X) values.
Using the trace command, it is possible to get more detail about what's happening to a particular node.
Much of what is said below is described in much more detail in "Logic-level Simulation for VLSI Circuits"
by Chris Terman, available from Kluwer Academic Press. When a node is traced, the simulator reports each
change in the node's value:
[event #100] node out.1: 0 -> 1 @ 407.6ns
The event index is incremented for each event that is processed. The transition is reported as
old value -> new value @ report time
Note that since the time the event is processed may differ from the event's report time, the report time
for successive events may not be strictly increasing.
Depending on the debug level (see the "debug" command) each calculation of a traced node's value is
reported:
[event #99] node clk: 0 -> 1 @ 400.2ns
final_value( Load ) V=[0.00, 0.04] => 0
..compute_tau( Load )
{Rmin=2.2K Rdom=2.2K Rmax=2.2K} {Ca=0.06 Cd=0.17}
tauA=0.1 tauD=0.4 ns
[event #99: clk->1] transition for Load: 1 -> 0 (tau=0.5ns, delay=0.6ns)
In this example, a calculation for node Load is reported. The calculation was caused by event 99 in
which node clk went to 1. When using the linear model (as in this example) the report shows
current value -> final value
The second line displays information regarding the final value (or dc) analysis for node "Load"; the
minimun and maximum voltages as well as the final logical value (0 in this case).
The next three lines display timing analysis information used to estimate the delays. The meaning of the
variables displayed can be found Chu's thesis: "Improved Models for Switch-Level Simulation".
When the final value is reported as "D", the node is not connected to an input and may be scheduled to
decay from its current value to X at some later time (see the "decay" command).
"tau" is the calculated transition time constant, "delta" is when any consequences of the event will be
computed; the difference in the two times is how IRSIM accounts for the shape of the transition waveform
on subsequent stages (see reference given above for more details). The middle lines of the report
indicate the Thevenin and capacitance parameters of the surrounding networks, i.e., the parameters on
which the transition calculations are based.
debug [ev dc tau taup tw spk][off][all]
Set debugging level. Useful for debugging simulator and/or circuit at various levels of the
computation. The meaning of the various debug levels is as follows:
ev display event enqueueing and dequeueing.
dc display dc calculation information.
tau display time constant (timing) calculation.
taup display second time constant (timing) calculation.
tw display network parameters for each stage of the tree walk, this applies to dc, tau, and
taup. This level of debugging detail is usually needed only when debugging the simulator.
spk displays spike analysis information.
all This is a shorthand for specifying all of the above.
off This turns off all debugging information.
If a debug switch is on then during a simulation step, each time a watched node is encounted in
some event, that fact is indicated to the user along with some event info. If a node keeps
appearing in this prinout, chances are that its value is oscillating. Vice versa, if your circuit
never settles (ie., it oscillates) , you can use the "debug" and "t" commands to find the node(s)
that are causing the problem.
Without any arguments, the debug command prints the current debug level.
t [-]wnode...
set trace flag for node. Enables the various printouts described above. Prefacing the node name
with '-' clear its trace flag. If "wnode" is the name of a vector, whenever any node of that
vector changes value, the current time and the values of all traced vectors is printed. This
feature is useful for watching the relative arrival times of values at nodes in an output vector.
System interface commands:
> filename
Write current state of each node into specified file. Useful for making a breakpoint in your
simulation run. Only stores values so isn't really useful to "dump" a run for later use, i.e.,
the current input lists, pending events, etc. are NOT saved in the state file.
< filename
Read from specified file, reinitializing the value of each node as directed. Note that network
must already exist and be identical to the network used to create the dump file with the ">"
command. These state saving commands are really provided so that complicated initializing
sequences need only be simulated once.
<< filename
Same as "<" command, except that this command will restore the input status of the nodes as well.
It does not, however, restore pending events.
dumph [filename]
Write the history of the simulation to the specified file, that is; all transistions since time =
0. The resulting file is a machine-independent binary file, and contains all the required
information to continue simulation at the time the dump takes place. If the filename isn't
specified, it will be constructed by taking the name of the sim_file (from the command line) and
appending ".hist" to it.
readh filename
Read the specified history-dump file into the current network. This command will restore the
state of the circuit to that of the dump file, overwriting the current state.
flush [time]
If memory consumption due to history maintanance becomes prohibitive, this command can be used to
free the memory consumed by the history up to the time specified. With no arguments, all history
up to the current point in the simulation is freed. Flushing out the history may invalidate an
incremental simulation and the portions flushed will no longer appear in the analyzer window.
setpath [path...]
Set the search-path for command files. Path should be a sequence of directories to be searched
for ".cmd" files, "." meaning the current directory. For eaxmple:
setpath . /usr/me/rsim/cmds /cad/lib/cmds
With no arguments, it will print the current search-path. Initially this is just ".".
print text...
Simply prints the text on the user's console. Useful for keeping user posted of progress through
a long command file.
logfile [filename]
Create a logfile with the specified name, closing current log file if any; if no argument, just
close current logfile. All output which appears on user's console will also be placed in the
logfile. Output to the logfile is cleverly formatted so that logfiles themselves can serve as
command files.
setlog [filename | off]
Record all net changes, as well as resulting error messages, to the specified file (see "update"
command). Net changes are always appended to the log-file, preceding each sequence of changes by
the current date. If the argument is off then net-changes will not be logged. With no arguments,
the name of the current log-file is printed.
The default is to always record net changes; if no filename is specified (using the "setlog"
command) the default filename irsim_changes.log will be used. The log-files are formatted so that
log-files may themselves be used as net-change files.
wnet [filename]
Write the current network to the specified file. If the filename isn't specified, it will be
constructed by taking the name of the sim_file (from the command line) and appending ".inet" to
it. The resulting file can be used in a future simulation run, as if it were a sim file. The
file produced is a machine independent binary file, which is typically about 1/3 the size of the
sim file and about 8 times faster to load.
time [command]
With no argument, a summary of time used by the simulator is printed. If arguments are given the
specified command is timed and a time summary is printed when the command completes. The format
of the time summary is Uu Ss E P% M, where:
U => User time in seconds
S => System time in seconds
E => Elapsed time, minutes:seconds
P => Percentage of CPU time (((U + S)/E) * 100)
M => Median text, data, and stack size use
q
Terminate current input stream. If this is typed at top level, the simulator will exit back to
the system; otherwise, input reverts to the previous input stream.
exit [n]
Exit to system, n is the reported status (default: 0).
Simulator parameters are set with the following commands. With no arguments, each of the commands simply
prints the current value of the parameter.
decay [n]
Set decay parameter to n ns. (default: 0). If non-zero, it tells the number of ns. it takes for
charge on a node to decay to X. A value of 0 implies no decay at all. You cannot specify this
parameters separately for each node, but this turns out not to be a problem. See "report"
command.
display [-][cmdfile][automatic]
set/reset the display modes, which are
cmdfile commands executed from command files are displayed to user before executing. The
default is cmdfile = OFF.
automatic print out current display list (see "d" command) after completion of "s" or "c"
command. The default is automatic = ON.
Prefacing the previous commands with a "-" turns off that display option.
model [name]
Set simulation model to one of the following:
switch Model transistors as voltage controlled switches. This model uses interval logic levels,
without accounting for transistor resistances, so circuits with fighting transistors may
not be accuratelly modelled. Delays may not reflect the true speed of the circuit as well.
linear Model transistors as a resistor in series with a voltage controlled switch. This model
uses a single-time-constant computed from the resulting RC network and uses a two-time-
constant model to analyze charge sharing and spikes.
The default is the linear model. You can change the simulation model at any time -- even with
events pending -- as only new calculations are affected. Without arguments, this command prints
the current model name.
report [level]
When level is nonzero, report all nodes which are set to X because of charge decay, regardless on
whether they are being traced. Setting level to zero disables reporting, but not the decay itself
(see "decay" command).
stepsize [n]
Specify duration of simulation step or clock phase. n is specified in ns. (nanoseconds).
Floating point numbers with up to 1 digit past the decimal point are allowed. Further decimals
are trucated (i.e. 10.299 == 10.2).
unitdelay [n]
When nonzero, force all transitions to take n ns. Setting the parameter to zero disables this
feature. The resolution is the same as for the "stepsize" command.
stats Print event statitistics, as follows:
changes = 26077
punts (cns) = 208 (34)
punts = 0.79%, cons_punted = 16.35%
nevents = 28012; evaluations = 27972
Where changes is the total number of transistions recorded, punts is the number of punted events,
(cns) is the number of consecutive punted events (a punted event that punted another event). The
penultimate line shows the percentage of punted events with respect to the total number of events,
and the percentage of consecutive punted events with respect to the number of punted events. The
last line shows the total number of events (nevents) and the number of net evaluations.
Incremental simulation commands:
Irsim supports incremental changes to the network and resimulation of the resulting network. This is
done incrementally so that only the nodes affected by the changes, either directly or indirectly, are re-
evaluated.
update filename
Read net-change tokens from the specified file. The following net-change commands are available:
add type gate source drain length width [area]
delete type gate source drain length width [area]
move type gate source drain length width [area] g s d
cap node value
N node metal-area poly-area diff-area diff-perim
M node M2A M2P MA MP PA PP DA DP PDA PDP
thresh node low high
Delay node tplh tphl
For a detailed dscription of this file see netchange(5). Note that this is an experimental
interface and is likely to change in the future.
Note that this command doesn't resimulate the circuit so that it may leave the network in an
inconsistent state. Usually this command will be followed by an isim command (see below), if that
is not the case then it's up to the user to initilize the state of the circuit. This command
exists only for historical reasons and will probably disappear in the future. It's use is
discouraged.
isim [filename]
Read net-change tokens from the specified file (see netchange(5)) and incrementally resimulate the
circuit up to the current simulation time (not supported yet).
ires n The incremental algorithm keeps track of nodes deviating from their past behavior as recorded in
the network history. During resimulation, a node is considered to deviate from its history if
it's new state is found to be different within n ns of its previous state. This command allows
for changing the incremental resolution. With no arguments, it will print the current resolution.
The default resolution is 0 ns.
powlogfile [filename]
Opens filename for writting nodal transition reports. The format of the report is the same you get
when you trace a node normaly. With no arguments powlogfile just closes the opened logfile and
prints out a power dissipation summary. Nodal transitions in inputs are not included in the
transition count.
powtrace [[-]node...]
The syntax of this command is the same as the normal t (trace) command. If you want to trace and
report power dissipation for all the nodes just use powtrace *. Use powtrace -node if you want to
exclude some nodes.
powstep
Toggles whether dynamic power estimation is displayed after each timestep. The ynamic power
displayed will only be for the nodes that have been selected using the powtrace command.
vsupply voltage
Sets the V variable for use in the P=CV^2/(2t) expression where C is capacitance switched, and t
is the timestep. The default value for vsupply is 5.0 Volts.
sumcap Gives a sum of all nodal capcitances, not just those selected with the powtrace command.
SEE ALSO
presim(1) (now obsolete)
rsim(1)
irsim-analyzer(3)
sim(5)
netchange(5)