Ubuntu Manpage: owserver - Backend server (daemon) for 1-wire control

Provided by: owserver_2.8p15-1ubuntu4_amd64

NAME

       owserver - Backend server (daemon) for 1-wire control

SYNOPSIS

       owserver [ -c config ] -d serialport | -u | -s [host:]port -p tcp-port

DESCRIPTION

1-Wire
1-wire is a wiring protocol and series of devices designed and manufactured by Dallas
Semiconductor, Inc. The bus is a low-power low-speed low-connector scheme where the data
line can also provide power.

Each device is uniquely and unalterably numbered during manufacture. There are a wide
variety of devices, including memory, sensors (humidity, temperature, voltage, contact,
current), switches, timers and data loggers. More complex devices (like thermocouple
sensors) can be built with these basic devices. There are also 1-wire devices that have
encryption included.

The 1-wire scheme uses a single bus master and multiple slaves on the same wire. The bus
master initiates all communication. The slaves can be individually discovered and
addressed using their unique ID.

Bus masters come in a variety of configurations including serial, parallel, i2c, network
or USB adapters.

OWFS design
OWFS is a suite of programs that designed to make the 1-wire bus and its devices easily
accessible. The underlying priciple is to create a virtual filesystem, with the unique ID
being the directory, and the individual properties of the device are represented as simple
files that can be read and written.

Details of the individual slave or master design are hidden behind a consistent interface.
The goal is to provide an easy set of tools for a software designer to create monitoring
or control applications. There are some performance enhancements in the implementation,
including data caching, parallel access to bus masters, and aggregation of device
communication. Still the fundemental goal has been ease of use, flexibility and
correctness rather than speed.

owserver
owserver (1) is the backend component of the OWFS 1-wire bus control system. owserver (1)
arbitrates access to the bus from multiple client processes. The physical bus is usually
connected to a serial or USB port, and other processes connect to owserver (1) over
network sockets (tcp port). Communication can be local or over a network. Secure tunneling
can be implemented using standard techniques.

Frontend clients include a filesystem representation: owfs (1) , and a webserver: owhttpd
(1). Direct language bindings are also available, e.g: owperl (3). Several instances of
each client can be initiated.

Each client can also connect directly to the physical bus, skipping owserver (1) but only
one client can connect to the physical bus safely. Simultaneous access is prevented by the
operating system for USB ports, but unfortunately not serial ports. The safe way to share
access to the 1-wire bus is via owserver (1) with the clients connecting. Note: owserver
(1) can connect to another owserver (1) process, though the utility of this technique is
limited (perhaps as a readonly buffer?)

owserver (1) is by default multithreaded. Optional data caching is in the server, not
clients, so all the clients gain efficiency.

Device Options (1-wire Bus Master)

       These options specify the device (bus master) connecting the computer to the  1-wire  bus.
       The  1-wire  slaves are connected to the 1-wire bus, and the bus master connects to a port
       on the computer and controls the 1-wire bus. The bus master is either an  actual  physical
       device, the kernel w1 module, or an owserver (1).

       At  least  one device option is required. There is no default. More than one device can be
       listed,  and  all  will  be  used.  (A  logical  union  unless  you  explore  the  /bus.n/
       directories.)

       Linux  and  BSD  enforce  a security policy restricting access to hardware ports. You must
       have sufficient rights to access the given port or access will silently fail.

* Serial devices

       port specifies a serial port, e.g.  /dev/ttyS0

       -d port | --device=port (DS2480B)
              DS2480B-based bus master (like the DS9097U or the LINK in emulation mode).  If  the
              adapter doesn't respond, a passive type (DS9907E or diode/resistor) circuit will be
              assumed.

       --serial_flextime | --serial_regulartime (DS2480B)
              Changes details of bus timing (see DS2480B datasheet). Some devices, like the Swart
              LCD cannot work with flextime.

       --baud=1200|9600|19200|38400|57600|115200 (DS2480B,LINK,HA5)
              Sets  the  initial  serial  port  communication  speed for all bus masters. Not all
              serial devices support all speeds. You can change the individual bus  master  speed
              for  the LINK and DS2880B in the interface/settings directory. The HA5 speed is set
              in hardware, so the command line buad rate should match that rate.
              Usually the default settings (9600 for LINK and DS2480B ) and 115200  for  the  HA5
              are sane and shouldn't be changed.

       --straight_polarity  | --reverse_polarity (DS2480B)
              Reverse polarity of the DS2480B output transistors? Not needed for the DS9097U, but
              required for some other designs.

       --link=port (LINK)
              iButtonLink LINK adapter (all  versions)  in  non-emulation  mode.  Uses  an  ascii
              protocol over serial.

       --ha7e=port (HA7E)
              Embedded Data Systems HA7E adapter ( and HA7S ) in native ascii mode.

       --ha5=port | --ha5=port:a | --ha5=port:acg (HA5)
              Embedded  Data Systems HA5 mutidrop adapter in native ascii mode. Up to 26 adapters
              can share the same port, each with an assigned letter. If no letter specified,  the
              program will scan for the first response (which may be slow).

       --checksum | --no_checksum (HA5)
              Turn on (default) or off the checksum feature of the HA5 communication.

       --passive=port | --ha2=port | --ha3=port | --ha4b=port (Passive)
              Passive  1-wire  adapters. Powered off the serial port and using passive electrical
              components (resitors and diodes).

       --8bit | --6bit (Passive)
              Synthesize the 1-wire waveforme using a 6-bit (default) serial word, or 8-bit word.
              Not all UART devices support 6 bit operation.

       --timeout_serial=5
              Timeout  (in  seconds)  for  all  serial  communications.  5 second default. Can be
              altered dynamically under /settings/timeout/serial

* USB devices

       The only supported true USB bus masters are based on the DS2490 chip. The most  common  is
       the DS9490R which has an included 1-wire ID slave with family code 81.

       There  are also bus masters based on the serial chip with a USB to serial conversion built
       in. These are supported by the serial bus master protocol.

       -u | --usb
              DS2490 based bus master (like the DS9490R).

       -u2 | --usb=2
              Use the second USB bus master. (The order isn't  predicatble,  however,  since  the
              operating system does not conssitently order USB devices).

       -uall | --usb=ALL
              Use all the USB devices.

       --usb_flextime | --usb_regulartime
              Changes the details of 1-wire waveform timing for certain network configurations.

       --altusb
              Willy Robion's alternative USB timing.

       --timeout_usb=5
              Timeout  for  USB  communications.  This  has a 5 second default and can be changed
              dynamically under /settings/timeout/usb

* I2C devices

       I2C is  2 wire protocol used for chip-to-chip communication. The bus masters:  DS2482-100,
       DS2482-101  and DS2482-800 can specify (via pin voltages) a subset of addresses on the i2c
       bus. Those choices are

       i2c_address

       0,1,2,3
              0x18,0x19,0x1A,0x1B

       4,5,6,7
              0x1C,0x1D,0x1E,0x1F (DS2482-800 only)

       port for i2c masters have the form /dev/i2c-0, /dev/i2c-1, ...

       -d port | --device=port
              This simple form only permits a specific port and the first available i2c_address

       --i2c=port | --i2c=port:i2c_address | --i2c=port:ALL
              Specific i2c port and the i2c_address is either the  first,  specific,  or  all  or
              them. The i2c_address is 0,1,2,...

       --i2c | --i2c=: | --i2c=ALL:ALL
              Search  the  available  i2c  buses  for  either  the first, the first, or every i2c
              adapter.

       The DS2482-800 masters 8 1-wire buses and so will generate 8 /bus.n entries.

* Network devices

       These bus masters communicate via the tcp/ip  network  protocol  and  so  can  be  located
       anywhere on the network.  The network_address is of the form tcp_address:port

       E.g. 192.168.0.1:3000 or localhost:3000

       --link=network_address
              LinkHubE network LINK adapter by iButtonLink

       --ha7net=network_address | --ha7net
              HA7Net  network  1-wire  adapter  with  specified  tcp address or discovered by udp
              multicast. By Embedded Data Systems
              --timeout_ha7=60 specific timeout for HA7Net communications (60 second default).

       --etherweather=network_address
              Etherweather adapter

       -s network_address | --server=network_address
              Location of an owserver (1) program that talks to the 1-wire bus. The default  port
              is 4304.

       --timeout_network=5
              Timeout  for network bus master communications. This has a 1 second default and can
              be changed dynamically under /settings/timeout/network

* Simulated devices

       Used for testing and development. No actual hardware is needed. Useful for separating  the
       hardware development from the rest of the software design.

       devices
              is  a  list of comma-separated 1-wire devices in the following formats. Note that a
              valid CRC8 code is created automatically.

       10,05,21
              Hexidecimal family codes (the DS18S20, DS2405 and DS1921 in this example).

       10.12AB23431211
              A more complete hexidecimal unique address. Useful when an actual  hardware  device
              should be simulated.

       DS2408,DS2489
              The 1-wire device name. (Full ID cannot be speciifed in this format).

       --fake=devices
              Random  address  and  random  values  for  each  read. The device ID is also random
              (unless specified).

       --temperature_low=12 --temperature_high=44
              Specify the temperature limits for the fake adapter simulation. These should be  in
              the same temperature scale that is specified in the command line. It is possible to
              change     the     limits     dynamically     for      each      adapter      under
              /bus.x/interface/settings/simulated/[temperature_low|temperature_high]

       --tester=devices
              Predictable  address and predictable values for each read. (See the website for the
              algorhythm).

* w1 kernel module

       This a linux-specific option for using the operating system's access to bus masters.  Root
       access  is  required  and  the implementation was still in progress as of owfs v2.7p12 and
       linux 2.6.30.

       Bus masters are recognized and added dynamically. Details of the physical bus  master  are
       not accessible, bu they include USB, i2c and a number of GPIO designs on embedded boards.

       Access  is  restrict  to  superuser  due to the netlink broadcast protocol employed by w1.
       Multitasking must be configured (threads) on the compilation.

       --w1   Use the linux kernel w1 virtual bus master.

       --timeout_w1=10
              Timeout for w1 netlink communications. This has a 10  second  default  and  can  be
              changed dynamically under /settings/timeout/w1

SPECIFIC OPTIONS

   -p
       TCP port or IPaddress:port for owserver

       Other OWFS programs will access owserver via this address. (e.g. owfs -s IP:port /1wire)

       If  no  port is specified, the default well-known port (4304 -- assigned by the IANA) will
       be used.

TEMPERATURE SCALE OPTIONS

   -C --Celsius
   -F --Fahrenheit
   -K --Kelvin
   -R --Rankine
       Temperature scale used for data output. Celsius is the default.

       Can also be changed within the program at /settings/units/temperature_scale

PRESSURE SCALE OPTIONS

   --mbar (default)
   --atm
   --mmHg
   --inHg
   --psi
   --Pa
       Pressure scale used for data output. Millibar is the default.

       Can also be changed within the program at /settings/units/pressure_scale

FORMAT OPTIONS

       Choose the representation of the 1-wire unique identifiers. OWFS uses these identifiers as
       unique directory names.

       Although  several  display  formats  are  selectable,  all must be in family-id-crc8 form,
       unlike some other programs and the labelling on iButtons, which are crc8-id-family form.

   -f --format="f[.]i[[.]c]"
       Display format for the 1-wire devices. Each device has a 8byte address, consisting of:

       f      family code, 1 byte

       i      ID number, 6 bytes

       c      CRC checksum, 1 byte

       Possible formats are f.i (default, 01.A1B2C3D4E5F6), fi fic f.ic f.i.c and fi.c

       All formats are accepted as input, but the output will be in the specified format.

       The address elements can be retrieved from a device entry in owfs by the  family,  id  and
       crc8  properties,  and  as  a  whole  with  address.   The  reversed id and address can be
       retrieved as r_id and r_address.

JOB CONTROL OPTIONS

   -r --readonly
   -w --write
       Do we allow writing to the 1-wire bus (writing memory, setting  switches,  limits,  PIOs)?
       The write option is available for symmetry, it's the default.

   -P --pid-file filename
       Places  the  PID  --  process  ID  of owfs into the specified filename. Useful for startup
       scripts control.

   --background | --foreground
       Whether the program releases the console and  runs  in  the  background  after  evaluating
       command line options.  background is the default.

   --error_print=0|1|2|3
       =0     default mixed destination: stderr foreground / syslog background

       =1     syslog only

       =2     stderr only

       =3     /dev/null (quiet mode).

   --error_level=0..9
       =0     default errors only

       =1     connections/disconnections

       =2     all high level calls

       =3     data summary for each call

       =4     details level

       >4     debugging chaff

       --error_level=9 produces a lot of output

CONFIGURATION FILE

   -c file | --configuration file
       Name of an owfs (5) configuration file with more command line parameters

HELP OPTIONS

       See also this man page and the web site http://www.owfs.org

   -h --help=[device|cache|program|job|temperature]
       Shows basic summary of options.

       device 1-wire bus master options

       cache  cache and communication size and timing

       program
              mountpoint or TCP server settings

       job    control and debugging options

       temperature
              Unique ID display format and temperature scale

   -V --version
       Version of this program and related libraries.

TIME OPTIONS

       Timeouts  for  the bus masters were previously listed in Device options.  Timeouts for the
       cache affect the time that data stays in memory. Default values are shown.

   --timeout_volatile=15
       Seconds until a volatile property expires in the  cache.  Volatile  properties  are  those
       (like temperature) that change on their own.

       Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/volatile

   --timeout_stable=300
       Seconds  until  a  stable  property expires in the cache. Stable properties are those that
       shouldn't change unless explicitly changed. Memory contents for example.

       Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/stable

   --timeout_directory=60
       Seconds until a directory listing expires in the cache. Directory  lists  are  the  1-wire
       devices found on the bus.

       Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/directory

   --timeout_presence=120
       Seconds until the presence and bus location of a 1-wire device expires in the cache.

       Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/presence

       There are also timeouts for specific program responses:

   --timeout_server=5
       Seconds until the expected response from the owserver (1) is deemed tardy.

       Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/server

   --timeout_ftp=900
       Seconds that an ftp session is kept alive.

       Can be changed dynamically at /settings/timeout/ftp

PERSISTENT THRESHOLD OPTIONS

       These  settings  control  the behavior of owserver (1) in granting and dropping persistent
       tcp connections. The default settings are shown.

       In general no changes should be needed. In general the purpose is to limit total  resource
       usage from an errant or rogue client.

   --timeout_persistent_low=600
       Minimum seconds that a persistent tcp connection to owserver (1) is kept open. This is the
       limit used when the number of connections is above --clients_persistent_low

   --timeout_persistent_high=3600
       Maximum seconds that a persistent tcp connection to owserver (1) is kept open. This is the
       limit used when the number of connections is below --clients_persistent_low

   --clients_persistent_low=10
       Maximum  number  of  persistent  tcp  connections to owserver (1) before connections start
       getting the more stringent time limitation --timeout_persistent_low

   --clients_persistent_high=20
       Maximum number of persistent tcp connections to before no  more  are  allowed  (only  non-
       persistent  at  this point).  owserver (1) before no more are allowed (only non-persistent
       at this point).

DEVELOPER OPTIONS

   --no_dirall
       Reject DIRALL messages (requests directory as a single message),  forcing  client  to  use
       older DIR method (each element is an individual message)

   --no_get
       Reject  GET  messages  (lets  owserver determine if READ or DIRALL is appropriate). Client
       will fall back to older methods.

   --no_persistence
       Reject persistence in requests. All transactions will have to be new connections.

   --pingcrazy
       Interject many "keep-alive" (PING) responses. Usually PING responses are  only  sent  when
       processing is taking a long time to inform client that owserver is still there.

EXAMPLE

       owserver  -p  3001 -d /dev/ttyS0 runs owserver on tcp port 3001 and connects to a physical
       1-wire bus on a serial port.

AVAILABILITY

       http://www.owfs.org

AUTHOR

       Paul Alfille (paul.alfille@gmail.com)