NAME

       pwd - return working directory name

SYNOPSIS

       pwd [-L | -P ]

DESCRIPTION

       The  pwd  utility  shall  write to standard output an absolute pathname of the current working directory,
       which does not contain the filenames dot or dot-dot.

OPTIONS

       The pwd utility shall conform to the Base  Definitions  volume  of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section  12.2,
       Utility Syntax Guidelines.

       The following options shall be supported by the implementation:

       -L     If  the  PWD environment variable contains an absolute pathname of the current directory that does
              not contain the filenames dot or dot-dot, pwd  shall  write  this  pathname  to  standard  output.
              Otherwise, the -L option shall behave as the -P option.

       -P     The  absolute  pathname  written shall not contain filenames that, in the context of the pathname,
              refer to files of type symbolic link.

       If both -L and -P are specified, the last one shall apply.  If neither -L nor -P is  specified,  the  pwd
       utility shall behave as if -L had been specified.

OPERANDS

       None.

STDIN

       Not used.

INPUT FILES

       None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

       The following environment variables shall affect the execution of pwd:

       LANG   Provide  a  default  value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the
              Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization  Variables  for
              the  precedence  of  internationalization  variables  used  to  determine  the  values  of  locale
              categories.)

       LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values  of  all  the  other  internationalization
              variables.

       LC_MESSAGES
              Determine  the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages
              written to standard error.

       NLSPATH
              Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES .

       PWD    If the -P option is in effect, this variable shall be set to an absolute pathname of  the  current
              working  directory  that  does  not  contain  any components that specify symbolic links, does not
              contain any components that are dot, and does not contain any components that are dot-dot.  If  an
              application sets or unsets the value of PWD , the behavior of pwd is unspecified.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS

       Default.

STDOUT

       The pwd utility output is an absolute pathname of the current working directory:

              "%s\n", <directory pathname>

STDERR

       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES

       None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION

       None.

EXIT STATUS

       The following exit values shall be returned:

        0     Successful completion.

       >0     An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS

       If  an  error  is detected, output shall not be written to standard output, a diagnostic message shall be
       written to standard error, and the exit status is not zero.

       The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE

       None.

EXAMPLES

       None.

RATIONALE

       Some implementations have historically provided pwd as a shell special built-in command.

       In most utilities, if an error occurs, partial output may be written to standard output.  This  does  not
       happen  in  historical implementations of pwd. Because pwd is frequently used in historical shell scripts
       without checking the exit status, it  is  important  that  the  historical  behavior  is  required  here;
       therefore,  the CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS section specifically disallows any partial output being written to
       standard output.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

       None.

SEE ALSO

       cd , the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, getcwd()

COPYRIGHT

       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
       Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open  Group  Base
       Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
       Inc  and  The  Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard  is  the  referee  document.  The
       original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group                                   2003                                                PWD(P)