Provided by: grass-doc_6.4.3-3_all 
NAME
r.in.gdal - Import GDAL supported raster file into a binary raster map layer.
KEYWORDS
raster, import
SYNOPSIS
r.in.gdal
r.in.gdal help
r.in.gdal [-oeflk] [input=name] [output=name] [band=integer] [memory=integer] [target=name]
[title="phrase"] [location=name] [--overwrite] [--verbose] [--quiet]
Flags:
-o
Override projection (use location's projection)
-e
Extend region extents based on new dataset
Also updates the default region if in the PERMANENT mapset
-f
List supported formats and exit
-l
Force Lat/Lon maps to fit into geographic coordinates (90N,S; 180E,W)
-k
Keep band numbers instead of using band color names
--overwrite
Allow output files to overwrite existing files
--verbose
Verbose module output
--quiet
Quiet module output
Parameters:
input=name
Raster file to be imported
output=name
Name for output raster map
band=integer
Band to select (default is all bands)
memory=integer
Cache size (MiB)
target=name
Name of location to read projection from for GCPs transformation
title=
Title for resultant raster map
location=name
Name for new location to create
DESCRIPTION
r.in.gdal allows a user to create a (binary) GRASS raster map layer, or imagery group, from any GDAL
supported raster map format, with an optional title. The imported file may also be optionally used to
create a new location.
OPTIONS
Extended explanations:
Flags:
-e
Extend the DEFAULT_WIND in PERMANENT mapset to include the region of the new map layer. Old
resolution is preserved, but the region, and rows/cols are updated. This will fail if the user
doesn't have write access to the PERMANENT mapset.
GDAL supported raster formats
Full details on GDAL supported formats are available at:
http://www.gdal.org/formats_list.html
Selected formats of the more than 80 supported formats:
Long Format Name Code Creation
Georeferencing Maximum File Size
Arc/Info ASCII Grid AAIGrid Yes Yes
No limits
Arc/Info Binary Grid AIG No Yes
--
AIRSAR Polarimetric AIRSAR No No
--
Microsoft Windows Device Independent Bitmap (.bmp) BMP Yes Yes
4GiB
BSB Nautical Chart Format (.kap) BSB No Yes
--
VTP Binary Terrain Format (.bt) BT Yes Yes
--
CEOS (Spot for instance) CEOS No No
--
First Generation USGS DOQ (.doq) DOQ1 No Yes
--
New Labelled USGS DOQ (.doq) DOQ2 No Yes
--
Data (.dt0, .dt1) DTED No Yes
--
ERMapper Compressed Wavelets (.ecw) ECW Yes
Yes
ESRI .hdr Labelled EHdr No Yes
--
ENVI .hdr Labelled Raster ENVI Yes Yes
No limits
Envisat Image Product (.n1) Envisat No No
--
EOSAT FAST Format FAST No Yes
--
FITS (.fits) FITS Yes
No
Graphics Interchange Format (.gif) GIF Yes No
2GB
Arc/Info Binary Grid (.adf) GIO Yes Yes
GRASS Rasters GRASS No Yes
--
TIFF / GeoTIFF (.tif) GTiff Yes Yes
4GiB
Hierarchical Data Format Release 4 (HDF4) HDF4 Yes Yes
2GiB
Erdas Imagine (.img) HFA Yes Yes
No limits
Atlantis MFF2e HKV Yes Yes
No limits
Image Display and Analysis (WinDisp) IDA Yes Yes
2GB
ILWIS Raster Map (.mpr,.mpl) ILWIS Yes Yes
--
Japanese DEM (.mem) JDEM No Yes
--
JPEG JFIF (.jpg) JPEG Yes Yes
4GiB (max dimentions 65500x65500)
JPEG2000 (.jp2, .j2k) JPEG2000 Yes Yes
2GiB
JPEG2000 (.jp2, .j2k) JP2KAK Yes Yes
No limits
NOAA Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set (AVHRR) L1B No Yes
--
Erdas 7.x .LAN and .GIS LAN No Yes
2GB
In Memory Raster MEM Yes Yes
2GiB
Atlantis MFF MFF Yes Yes
No limits
Multi-resolution Seamless Image Database MrSID No Yes
--
NDF NLAPS Data Format No Yes
No limits
NITF NITF Yes Yes
NetCDF netCDF Yes Yes
2GB
OGDI Bridge OGDI No Yes
--
PCI .aux Labelled PAux Yes No
No limits
PCI Geomatics Database File PCIDSK Yes Yes
No limits
Portable Network Graphics (.png) PNG Yes No
PCRaster (.map) PCRaster Yes
No
Netpbm (.ppm,.pgm) PNM Yes No
No limits
RadarSat2 XML (product.xml) RS2 No Yes
4GB
USGS SDTS DEM (*CATD.DDF) SDTS No Yes
--
SAR CEOS SAR_CEOS No Yes
--
USGS ASCII DEM (.dem) USGSDEM No Yes
--
X11 Pixmap (.xpm) XPM Yes
No
Location Creation
r.in.gdal attempts to preserve projection information when importing datasets if the source format
includes projection information, and if the GDAL driver supports it. If the projection of the source
dataset does not match the projection of the current location r.in.gdal will report an error message
(Projection of dataset does not appear to match current location) and then report the PROJ_INFO
parameters of the source dataset.
If the user wishes to ignore the difference between the apparent coordinate system of the source data and
the current location, they may pass the -o flag to override the projection check.
If the user wishes to import the data with the full projection definition, it is possible to have
r.in.gdal automatically create a new location based on the projection and extents of the file being read.
This is accomplished by passing the name to be used for the new location via the location parameter.
Upon completion of the command, a new location will have been created (with only a PERMANENT mapset), and
the raster will have been imported with the indicated output name into the PERMANENT mapset.
Support for GCPs: In case the image contains GCPs they are written to a POINTS file within an imagery
group. They can directly be used for i.rectify. The target option allows you to automatically re-project
the GCPs from their own projection into another projection read from the PROJ_INFO file of the location
name target.
NOTES
Import of large files can be significantly faster when setting memory to the size of the input file.
The r.in.gdal command does support the following features, as long as the underlying format driver
supports it:
Color Table
Bands with associated colortables will have the color tables transferred. Note that if the
source has no colormap, r.in.gdal in GRASS 5.0 will emit no colormap. Use r.colors map=...
color=grey to assign a greyscale colormap. In a future version of GRASS r.in.gdal will likely be
upgraded to automatically emit greyscale colormaps.
Data Types
Most GDAL data types are supported. Float32 and Float64 type bands are translated as GRASS
floating point cells (but not double precision ... this could be added if needed), and most other
types are translated as GRASS integer cells. This includes 16bit integer data sources. Complex
(some SAR signal data formats) data bands are translated to two floating point cell layers (*.real
and *.imaginary).
Georeferencing
If the dataset has affine georeferencing information, this will be used to set the north, south,
east and west edges. Rotational coefficients will be ignored, resulting in incorrect positioning
for rotated datasets.
Projection
The datasets projection will be used to compare to the current location or to define a new
location. Internally GDAL represents projections in OpenGIS Well Known Text format. A large
subset of the total set of GRASS projections are supported.
Null Values
Raster bands for which a null value is recognised by GDAL will have the null pixels transformed
into GRASS style nulls during import. Many generic formats (and formats poorly supported by GDAL)
do not have a way of recognising null pixels in which case r.null should be used after the import.
GCPs
Datasets that have Ground Control Points will have them imported as a POINTS file associated with
the imagery group. Datasets with only one band that would otherwise have been translated as a
simple raster map will also have an associated imagery group if there are ground control points.
The coordinate system of the ground control points is reported by r.in.gdal but not preserved. It
is up to the user to ensure that the location established with i.target has a compatible
coordinate system before using the points with i.rectify.
Planned improvements to r.in.gdal in the future include support for reporting everything known about a
dataset if the output parameter is not set.
Error Messages
"ERROR: Input map is rotated - cannot import."
In this case the image must be first externally rotated, applying the rotation info stored in the
metadata field of the raster image file. For example, the gdalwarp software can be used to transform the
map to North-up (note, there are several gdalwarp parameters to select the resampling algorithm):
gdalwarp rotated.tif northup.tif
"ERROR: Projection of dataset does not appear to match the current location."
You need to create a location whose projection matches the data you wish to import. Try using location
parameter to create a new location based upon the projection information in the file. If desired, you can
then re-project it to another location with r.proj. Alternatively you can override this error by using
the -o flag.
"WARNING: G_set_window(): Illegal latitude for North"
Latitude/Longitude locations in GRASS can not have regions which exceed 90° North or South. Non-
georeferenced imagery will have coordinates based on the images's number of pixels: 0,0 in the bottom
left; cols,rows in the top right. Typically imagery will be much more than 90 pixels tall and so the GIS
refuses to import it. If you are sure that the data is appropriate for your Lat/Lon location and intentd
to reset the map's bounds with the r.region module directly after import you may use the -l flag to
constrain the map coordinates to legal values. While the resulting bounds and resolution will likely be
wrong for your map the map's data will be unaltered and safe. After resetting to known bounds with
r.region you should double check them with r.info, paying special attention to the map resolution. In
most cases you will want to import into the datafile's native projection, or into a simple XY location
and use the Georectifaction tools (i.rectify et al.) to properly project into the target location. The
-l flag should only be used if you know the projection is correct but the internal georeferencing has
gotten lost, and you know the what the map's bounds and resolution should be beforehand.
EXAMPLES
GTOPO30 DEM
To avoid that the GTOPO30 data are read incorrectly, you can add a new line "PIXELTYPE SIGNEDINT" in the
.HDR to force interpretation of the file as signed rather than unsigned integers. Then the .DEM file can
be imported. Finally, e.g. the 'terrain' color table can be assigned to the imported map with r.colors.
GLOBE DEM
To import GLOBE DEM tiles (approx 1km resolution, better than GTOPO30 DEM data), the user has to download
additionally the related HDR file(s). Finally, e.g. the 'terrain' color table can be assigned to the
imported map with r.colors.
Worldclim.org
To import Worldclim data, the following line has to be added to each .hdr file:
PIXELTYPE SIGNEDINT
HDF
The import of HDF bands requires the specification of the individual bands as seen by GDAL:
# Example MODIS FPAR
gdalinfo MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf
Subdatasets:
SUBDATASET_1_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf":MOD_Grid_MOD15A2:Fpar_1km
SUBDATASET_1_DESC=[1200x1200] Fpar_1km MOD_Grid_MOD15A2 (8-bit unsigned integer)
SUBDATASET_2_NAME=HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf":MOD_Grid_MOD15A2:Lai_1km
SUBDATASET_2_DESC=[1200x1200] Lai_1km MOD_Grid_MOD15A2 (8-bit unsigned integer)
# import of first band, here FPAR 1km:
r.in.gdal HDF4_EOS:EOS_GRID:"MOD15A2.A2003153.h18v04.004.2003171141042.hdf":MOD_Grid_MOD15A2:Fpar_1km \
out=fpar_1km_2003_06_02
# ... likewise for other HDF bands in the file.
SEE ALSO
r.colors, r.in.ascii, r.in.arc, r.in.bin, r.null
REFERENCES
GDAL Pages: http://www.gdal.org/
AUTHOR
Frank Warmerdam (email).
Last changed: $Date: 2013-04-17 22:56:53 -0700 (Wed, 17 Apr 2013) $
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