Provided by: scamper_20140122-1_amd64 
NAME
scamper — parallel Internet measurement utility
SYNOPSIS
scamper [-?Dv] [-c command] [-p pps] [-w window] [-M monitorname] [-l listname] [-L listid] [-C cycleid]
[-o outfile] [-F firewall] [-d debugfile] [-e pidfile] [-O options]
[-i IPs | -I cmds | -f file | -P port | -U unix-dom]
DESCRIPTION
The scamper utility provides the ability to execute Internet measurement techniques to IPv4 and IPv6
addresses, in parallel, to fill a specified packets-per-second rate. Currently, scamper supports the well-
known traceroute and ping techniques, as well as MDA traceroute, alias resolution, some parts of tbit,
sting, and neighbour discovery.
scamper has four modes of operation. First, scamper can be supplied a list of addresses on the command
line with the -i option. scamper will then execute a command with each of the supplied addresses, in
parallel, and output the results as each task completes. Second, scamper can be supplied a list of
addresses in a listfile, one address per line, using the -f option. Third, scamper can be supplied a list
of complete commands on the command line with the -I option. Finally, scamper can be instructed to listen
on a port specified with the -P option only accessible on the local host, or on a unix domain socket
specified with the -U option, where it can take commands dynamically.
The options are as follows:
-? prints a list of command line options and a synopsis of each.
-v causes scamper to output version information and exit.
-D With this option set, scamper will detach and become a daemon. Use with the -P or -U options.
-c command
specifies the command for scamper to use by default. The current choices for this option are:
- dealias
- neighbourdisc
- ping
- trace
- tracelb
- sniff
- sting
- tbit
scamper uses trace by default. The available commands and their options are documented below.
-p pps specifies the target packets-per-second rate for scamper to reach. By default, this value is 20.
-w window
specifies the maximum number of tasks that may be probed in parallel. A value of zero places no
upper limit. By default, zero is used.
-M monitorname
specifies the canonical name of machine where scamper is run. This value is used when recording
the output in a warts output file.
-l listname
specifies the name of the list when run from the command line. This value is used when recording
the output in a warts output file.
-L listid
specifies the numerical id of the list when run from the command line. This value is used when
recording the output in a warts output file.
-C cycleid
specifies the numerical cycle id to begin with when run from the command line. This value is used
when recording the output in a warts output file.
-o outfile
specifies the default output file to write measurement results to. By default, stdout is used.
-F firewall
specifies that scamper may use the firewall in measurements that require it. To use the firewall
on FreeBSD and MacOS X systems, pass ipfw here.
-d debugfile
specifies a filename to write debugging messages to. By default, no debugfile is used, though
debugging output is sent to stderr if scamper is built for debugging.
-e pidfile
specifies a file to write scamper's process ID to. If scamper is built with privilege separation,
the ID of the unprivileged process is written.
-O options
allows scamper's behaviour to be further tailored. The current choices for this option are:
- text output results using plain text. Suitable for interactive use.
- warts output results to a warts binary file. Suitable for archiving measurement results and
for use by researchers as it records details that cannot be easily represented with the text
option.
- planetlab tell scamper it is running on a planetlab system. Necessary to use planetlab's safe
raw sockets.
- rawtcp tell scamper to use IPPROTO_RAW socket to send IPv4 TCP probes, rather than a datalink
socket.
- select tell scamper to use select(2) rather than poll(2)
- kqueue tell scamper to use kqueue(2) rather than poll(2) on systems where kqueue(2) is
available.
- epoll tell scamper to use epoll(7) rather than poll(2) on systems where epoll(7) is available.
- tsps the input file consists of a sequence of IP addresses for pre-specified IP timestamps.
- cmdfile the input file consists of complete commands.
- dlts use timestamps from the datalink layer, if possible.
- outcopy write a copy of all data written by scamper with the default output method.
- debugfileappend append to the debugfile specified with the -d option. The default is to
truncate the debugfile.
-i IP 1..N
specifies the addresses to probe, on the command line, using the command specified with the -c
option.
-f listfile
specifies the input file to read for target addresses, one per line, and uses the command specified
with the -c option on each.
-I cmds.
specifies complete commands, including target addresses, for scamper to execute.
-P port
specifies that scamper provide a control socket listening on the specified port on the local host.
-U unix domain socket
specifies that scamper provide a control socket listening on the specified socket in the unix
domain.
TRACE OPTIONS
The trace command is used for conducting traceroute. The following variations of the traceroute(8) options
are available:
trace [-MQT] [-c confidence] [-d dport] [-f firsthop] [-g gaplimit] [-G gapaction] [-l loops]
[-L loopaction] [-m maxttl] [-p payload] [-P method] [-q attempts] [-s sport] [-S srcaddr] [-t tos]
[-U userid] [-w wait] [-W wait-probe] [-z gss-entry] [-Z lss-name]
-c confidence
specifies that a hop should be probed to a specified confidence level (95% or 99%) to be sure the
trace has seen all interfaces that will reply for that hop.
-d dport
specifies the base destination port value to use for UDP-based and TCP-based traceroute methods.
For ICMP-paris, this option sets the ICMP checksum value.
-f firsthop
specifies the TTL or HLIM value to begin probing with. By default, a first hop of one is used.
-g gaplimit
specifies the number of unresponsive hops permitted until a check is made to see if the destination
will respond. By default, a gap limit of 5 hops is used. Setting the gap limit to 0 disables the
gap limit, but doing this is not recommended.
-G gapaction
specifies what should happen if the gaplimit condition is met. A value of 1 (default) means halt
probing, while a value of 2 means send last-ditch probes.
-m maxttl
specifies the maximum TTL or HLIM value that will be probed. By default, there is no restriction,
apart from the 255 hops that the Internet protocols allow.
-M specifies that path MTU discovery (PMTUD) should be attempted for the path when the initial
traceroute completes. scamper will not conduct PMTUD unless it is probing a responsive
destination, as otherwise there is no way to distinguish all packets being lost from just big
packets (larger than MTU) being lost.
-l loops
specifies the maximum number of loops permitted until probing stops. By default, a value of one is
used. A value of zero disables loop checking.
-L loopaction
specifies the action to take when a loop is encountered. A value of 1 tells scamper to probe
beyond the first loop in the trace.
-p payload
specifies the payload of the probe to use as a base. The payload is specified in hexadecimal.
Note that the payload supplied is merely a base; the first 2 bytes may be modified to accomplish
ICMP-Paris and UDP-Paris traceroute.
-P method
specifies the traceroute method to use. scamper currently supports five different probe methods:
UDP, ICMP, UDP-paris, ICMP-paris, TCP, and TCP-ACK. By default, UDP-paris is used.
-q attempts
specifies the maximum number of attempts to obtain a response per hop. By default, a value of two
is used.
-Q specifies that all allocated probes are sent, regardless of how many responses have been received.
-s sport
specifies the source port value to use. For ICMP-based methods, this option specifies the ICMP
identifier to use.
-S srcaddr
specifies the source address to use in probes. The address cannot be spoofed.
-t tos specifies the value to set in the IP ToS/DSCP + ECN byte. By default, this byte is set to zero.
-T specifies that time exceeded messages from the destination do not cause the trace to be defined as
reaching the destination.
-U userid
specifies an unsigned integer to include with the data collected; the meaning of the user-id is
entirely up to the user and has no effect on the behaviour of traceroute.
-w wait
specifies how long to wait, in seconds, for a reply. By default, a value of 5 is used.
-W wait-probe
specifies the minimum time to wait, in 10s of milliseconds, between sending consecutive probes. By
default the next probe is sent as soon as possible.
-z gss-entry
specifies an IP address to halt probing when encountered; used with the double-tree algorithm.
-Z lss-name
specifies the name of the local stop set to use when determining when to halt probing backwards;
used with the double-tree algorithm.
PING OPTIONS
The ping command is used for conducting ping. The following variations of the ping(8) options are
available:
ping [-R] [-B payload] [-c probecount] [-C icmp-sum] [-d dport] [-F sport] [-i wait] [-m ttl] [-M MTU]
[-o replycount] [-O options] [-p pattern] [-P method] [-U userid] [-s size] [-S srcaddr] [-T timestamp]
[-z tos]
-B payload
specifies, in a hexadecimal string, the payload to include in each probe.
-c probecount
specifies the number of probes to send before exiting. By default, a value of 4 is used.
-C icmp-sum
specifies the ICMP checksum to use when sending a probe. The payload of each probe will be
manipulated so that the checksum is valid.
-d dport
specifies the destination port to use in each TCP/UDP probe.
-F sport
specifies the source port to use in each TCP/UDP probe, and the ICMP ID to use in ICMP probes.
-i wait
specifies the length of time to wait, in seconds, between probes. By default, a value of 1 is
used.
-m ttl specifies the TTL value to use for outgoing packets. By default, a value of 64 is used.
-M MTU specifies a pseudo MTU value. If the response packet is larger than the pseudo MTU, an ICMP packet
too big (PTB) message is sent.
-o replycount
specifies the number of replies required at which time probing may cease. By default, all probes
are sent.
-O options
The current choices for this option are:
- spoof specifies that the source address is to be spoofed according to the address specified
with the -S option. The address scamper would otherwise use as the source address is embedded
in the payload of the probe.
-p pattern
specifies the pattern, in hex, to use in probes. Up to 16 bytes may be specified. By default,
each probe's bytes are zeroed.
-P method
specifies the type of ping packets to send. By default, ICMP echo requests are sent. Choices are:
icmp-echo, icmp-time, tcp-ack, tcp-ack-sport, udp, and udp-dport.
-U userid
specifies an unsigned integer to include with the data collected; the meaning of the user-id is
entirely up to the user and has no effect on the behaviour of ping.
-R specifies that the record route IP option should be used.
-s size
specifies the size of the probes to send. The probe size includes the length of the IP and ICMP
headers. By default, a probe size of 84 bytes is used for IPv4 pings, and 56 bytes for IPv6 pings.
-S srcaddr
specifies the source address to use in probes. The address can be spoofed if -O spoof is included.
-T timestamp
specifies that an IP timestamp option be included. The timestamp option can either be: tsprespec
where IP addresses of devices of interest can be specified; tsonly, where timestamps are embedded
by devices but no IP addresses are included; and tsandaddr, where timestamps and IP addresses are
included by devices in the path. See the examples section for more information.
-z tos specifies the value to use in the IPv4 ToS/DSCP + ECN byte. By default, this byte is set to zero.
DEALIAS OPTIONS
The dealias command is used to send probes for the purpose of alias resolution. It supports the mercator
technique, where aliases are inferred if a router uses a different address when sending an ICMP response;
the ally technique, where aliases are inferred if a sequence of probes sent to alternating IP addresses
yields responses with incrementing, interleaved IP-ID values; radargun, where probes are sent to a set of
IP addresses in multiple rounds and aliases are inferred by post-processing the results; prefixscan, where
an alias is searched in a prefix for a specified IP address; and bump, where two addresses believed to be
aliases are probed in an effort to force their IP-ID values out of sequence. The following options are
available for the scamper dealias command:
dealias [-d dport] [-f fudge] [-m method] [-o replyc] [-O option] [-p probe-options] [-q attempts]
[-r wait-round] [-s sport] [-t ttl] [-U userid] [-w wait-timeout] [-W wait-probe] [-x exclude]
-d dport
specifies the destination port to use when sending probes. Only valid for the mercator technique;
destination ports can be specified in probedefs defined with -p for other alias resolution methods.
-f fudge
specifies a fudge factor for alias matching. Defaults to 200. Only valid for ally and bump.
-m method
specifies which method to use for alias resolution. Valid options are: ally, bump, mercator,
prefixscan, and radargun.
-o replyc
specifies how many replies to wait for. Only valid for prefixscan.
-O option
allows alias resolution behaviour to be further tailored. The current choices for this option are:
- inseq where IP-ID values are required to be strictly in sequence (with no tolerance for packet
reordering)
- shuffle randomise the order of probes sent each round; only valid for radargun probing.
- nobs do not allow for byte swapped IP-ID values in responses. Valid for ally and prefixscan.
-p probedef
specifies a definition for a probe. Possible options are:
-c sum specifies what ICMP checksum to use for ICMP probes. The payload of the probe will be
altered appropriately.
-d dst-port
specifies the destination port of the probe. Defaults to 33435.
-F src-port
specifies the source port of the probe. Defaults to (pid & 0x7fff) + 0x8000.
-i IP specifies the destination IP address of the probe.
-P method
specifies which method to use for the probe. Valid options are: udp, udp-dport, tcp-ack,
tcp-ack-sport, tcp-syn-sport, and icmp-echo.
-s size
specifies the size of the probes to send.
-t ttl specifies the IP time to live of the probe.
The ally method accepts up to two probe definitions; the prefixscan method expects one probe
definition; radargun expects at least one probe definition; bump expects two probe definitions.
-q attempts
specifies how many times a probe should be retried if it does not obtain a useful response.
-r wait-round
specifies how many milliseconds to wait between probing rounds with radargun.
-s sport
specifies the source port to use when sending probes. Only valid for mercator.
-t ttl specifies the time-to-live of probes sent. Only valid for mercator.
-U userid
specifies an unsigned integer to include with the data collected; the meaning of the user-id is
entirely up to the user and has no effect on the behaviour of dealias.
-w wait-timeout
specifies how long to wait in milliseconds for a reply from the remote host.
-W wait-probe
specifies how long to wait in milliseconds between probes.
-x exclude
specifies an IP address to exclude when using the prefixscan method. May be specified multiple
times to exclude multiple addresses.
NEIGHBOUR DISCOVERY OPTIONS
The neighbourdisc command attempts to find the layer-2 address of a given IP address using IPv4 ARP or IPv6
Neighbour Discovery. The following options are availible for the scamper neighbourdisc command:
neighbourdisc [-FQ] [-i interface] [-o reply-count] [-q attempts] [-w wait]
-F specifies that we only want the first response.
-Q specifies that we want to send all attempts.
-i interface
specifies the name of the interface to use for neighbour discovery.
-o reply-count
specifies how many replies we wait for.
-q attempts
specifies how many probes we send out.
-w wait
specifies how long to wait between probes in milliseconds. Defaults to 1000.
TBIT OPTIONS
The tbit command can be used to infer TCP behaviour of a specified host. At present, it implements tests
to check the ability of the host to respond to ICMP Packet Too Big messages, and respond to Explicit
Congestion Notification. The following options are available for the scamper tbit command:
tbit [-t type] [-p app] [-d dport] [-s sport] [-m mss] [-M mtu] [-O option] [-P ptbsrc] [-S srcaddr]
[-u url]
-t type specifies which type of testing to use. Valid options are: pmtud, ecn, null, sack-rcvr.
-p app specifies what kind of traffic to generate for testing. Destination port defaults the
application standard port. Valid applications are: smtp, http, dns, ftp.
-d dport specifies the destination port for the packets being sent. Defaults are application-
specific.
-s sport specifies the source port for the packets being sent. Default is based of the scamper
process id.
-m mss specifies the maximum segment size to advertise to the remote host.
-M mtu specifies the MTU to use in a Packet Too Big message.
-O option allows tbit behaviour to be further tailored. The current choice for this option is:
- blackhole for PMTUD testing, do not send Packet Too Big messages; this tests to ability
of a host to infer a PMTUD blackhole and work around it.
-P ptbsrc specifies the source address that should be used to send Packet Too Big messages in the pmtud
test.
-S srcaddr specifies the source address that should be used in TCP packets sent by the tbit test.
-u url specifies a url for the http application.
TRACELB OPTIONS
The tracelb command is used to infer all per-flow load-balanced paths between a source and destination.
The following options are available for the scamper tracelb command:
tracelb [-c confidence] [-d dport] [-f firsthop] [-g gaplimit] [-P method] [-q attempts] [-Q maxprobec]
[-s sport] [-t tos] [-U userid] [-w wait-timeout] [-W wait-probe]
-c confidence
specifies the level of confidence we want to attain that there are no more parallel load
balanced paths at a given hop. Valid values are 95 (default) and 99, for 95% confidence and
99% confidence respectively.
-d dport specifies the base destination port to use. Defaults to 33435, the default used by
traceroute(8).
-f firsthop specifies how many hops away we should start probing.
-g gaplimit specifies how many consecutive unresponsive hops are permitted before probing down a branch
halts. Defaults to three.
-P method specifies which method we should use to do the probing. Valid options are: "udp-dport",
"icmp-echo", "udp-sport", "tcp-sport", and "tcp-ack-sport". Defaults to "udp-dport".
-q attempts specifies how many probes we should send in an attempt to receive a reply. Defaults to 2.
-Q maxprobec specifies the maximum number of probes we ever want to send. Defaults to 3000.
-s sport specfies to the source port to use when sending probes. Default based on process ID.
-t tos specifies the value for the IP Type-of-service field for outgoing probes. Defaults to 0.
-U userid specifies an unsigned integer to include with the data collected; the meaning of the user-id
is entirely up to the user and has no effect on the behaviour of tracelb.
-w wait-timeout
specifies in seconds how long to wait for a reply to a probe. Defaults to 5.
-W wait-probe
specifies in 1/100ths of seconds how long to wait between probes. Defaults to 25 (i.e.
250ms).
STING OPTIONS
The sting command is used to infer one-way loss using an algorithm with TCP probes. It requires the
firewall be enabled in scamper using the -F option. The following options are available for the scamper
sting command:
sting [-c count] [-d dport] [-f distribution] [-h request] [-H hole] [-i inter] [-m mean] [-s sport]
-c count specifies the number of samples to make. By default 48 samples are sent, as this value is
the current default of the FreeBSD TCP reassembly queue length. Sting 0.7 uses 100 samples.
-d dport specifies the base destination port to use. Defaults to 80, the default port used by the
HTTP protocol.
-f distribution
specifies the delay distribution of samples. By default a uniform distribution is
constructed. Other distributions are currently not implemented in scamper's implementation
of sting.
-h request specifies the default request to make. Currently not implemented.
-H hole specifies the size of the initial hole left in the request. The default is 3 bytes, the same
as sting-0.7.
-i inter specifies the inter-phase delay between data seeding and hole filling, in milliseconds. By
default, sting waits 2000ms between phases.
-m mean specifies the mean rate to send packets in the data phase, in milliseconds. By default,
sting waits 100ms between probes.
-s sport specfies to the source port to use when sending probes. Default is based on the process ID.
SNIFF OPTIONS
The sniff command is used to capture packets matching a specific signature. At present, the only supported
signature is ICMP echo packets with a specific ID value, or packets containing such a quote. The following
options are available for the scamper sniff command:
sting [-c limit-pktc] [-G limit-time] [-S ipaddr] [-U userid] <expression>
-c limit-pktc
specifies the maximum number of packets to capture.
-G limit-time
specifies the maximum time, in seconds, to capture packets.
-S ipaddr specifies the IP address that packets must arrive using. scamper uses the IP address to
identify the appropriate interface to listen for packets.
-U userid specifies an unsigned integer to include with the data collected; the meaning of the user-id
is entirely up to the user and has no effect on the behaviour of sniff.
The sole supported expression is icmp[icmpid] == X, where X is the ICMP-ID to select.
DATA COLLECTION FEATURES
scamper has two data output formats. The first is a human-readable format suitable for one-off data
collection and measurement. The second, known as warts, is a binary format that records much more meta-
data and is more precise than the human-readable format.
scamper is designed for Internet-scale measurement, where large lists of targets are supplied for probing.
scamper has the ability to probe multiple lists simultaneously, with each having a mix rate that specifies
the priority of the list. scamper can also make multiple cycles over a list of addresses.
When writing output to a warts file, scamper records details of the list and cycle that each measurement
task belongs to.
CONTROL SOCKET
When started with the -P option, scamper allows inter-process communication via a TCP socket bound to the
supplied port on the local host. This socket is useful for controlling the operation of a long-lived
scamper process. A client may interact with scamper by using telnet(1) to open a connection to the
supplied port.
The following control socket commands are available.
exit
The exit command closes the current control socket connection.
attach
The attach command changes how scamper accepts and replies to commands, returning results straight
over the control socket. See ATTACH section below for details on which commands are accepted.
get argument
The get command returns the current setting for the supplied argument. Valid argument values are:
holdtime, monitorname, pid, pps, sport, version.
set argument ...
The set command sets the current setting for the supplied argument. Valid argument values are:
holdtime, monitorname, pps.
source argument ...
add arguments
The source add command allows a new input source to be added. It accepts the following
arguments:
name string
The name of the source. This parameter is mandatory.
descr string
An optional string describing the source.
command string
The command to execute for each address supplied. If not supplied, the default command is
used.
list_id uint32_t
An optional numeric list identifier, assigned by a human. If not supplied, a value of zero
is used.
cycle_id uint32_t
An optional numeric initial cycle identifier to use, assigned by a human. If not supplied,
a value of one is used.
priority uint32_t
An optional numeric value that specifies the mix rate of measurements from the source
compared to other sources. If not supplied, a mix rate of one is used. A value of zero
causes the source to be created, but not actively used.
outfile string
The name of the output file to write results to, previously defined with outfile open. If
not supplied, the default output file is used.
file string
The name of the input file to read target addresses from. This parameter is mandatory if
the source is a managed source.
cycles integer
The number of cycles to make over the target address file. If zero, scamper will loop
indefinitely over the file. This parameter is ignored unless a managed source is defined.
autoreload [on | off]
This parameter specifies if the target address file should be re-read whenever a cycle is
completed, or if the same set of target addresses as the previous cycle should be used. If
not specified, the file is not automatically reloaded at cycle time.
update name arguments
The source update command allows some properties of an existing source to be modified. The
source to update is specified with the name parameter. Valid parameters are: autoreload, cycles,
and priority.
list ...
The source list command provides a listing of all currently defined sources. The optional third
name parameter restricts the listing to the source specified.
cycle name
The source cycle command manually inserts a cycle marker in an adhoc source.
delete name
The source delete command deletes the named source, if possible.
outfile argument ...
The outfile commands provide the ability to manage output files. It accepts the following arguments:
open ...
The outfile open command allows a new output file to be defined. It accepts the following
parameters:
name alias
The alias of the output file. This parameter is mandatory.
file string
The filename of the output file. This parameter is mandatory.
mode [truncate | append]
How the file will be opened. If the append mode is used, any existing file with the
specified name will be appended to. If the truncate mode is used, any existing file will be
truncated when it is opened.
close alias
The outfile close command allows an existing output file to be closed. The mandatory alias
parameter specifies which output file to close. An output file that is currently referenced is
not able to be closed. To close a file that is currently referenced, a new outfile must be
opened, and then the outfile swap command be used.
swap alias1 alias2
The outfile swap command swaps the file associated with each output file.
list
The outfile list command outputs a list of the existing outfiles.
observe sources
This command allows for monitoring of source events. When executed, the control socket will then
supply event notices whenever a source is added, updated, deleted, finished, or cycled. Each event is
prefixed with a count of the number of seconds elapsed since the Unix epoch. The following examples
illustrate the event monitoring capabilities:
EVENT 1169065640 source add name 'foo' list_id 5 priority 1
EVENT 1169065641 source update 'foo' priority 15
EVENT 1169065642 source cycle 'bar' id 2
EVENT 1169065650 source finish 'bar'
EVENT 1169065661 source delete 'foo'
shutdown argument
The shutdown argument allows the scamper process to be exited cleanly. The following arguments are
supported
done
The shutdown done command requests that scamper shuts down when the current tasks, as well as all
remaining cycles, have completed.
flush
The shutdown flush command requests that scamper flushes all remaining tasks queued with each
list, finishes all current tasks, and then shuts down.
now The shutdown now command causes scamper to shutdown immediately. Unfinished tasks are purged.
cancel
The shutdown cancel command cancels any pending shutdown.
ATTACH MODE
In attach mode, none of the usual interactive mode commands are usable. Instead, commands may be entered
directly and results will be sent back directly over the control socket. Commands are specified just as
they would be with the -I flag for a command-line invocation of scamper. Replies are split into lines by
single \n characters and have one of the following formats:
ERR ...
A line staring with the 3 characters "ERR" indicate an error has occured. The rest of the line will
contain an error message.
OK id-num
A line with the 2 characters "OK" indicates that scamper has accepted the command. scamper versions
after 20110623 return an id number associated with the command, which allow the task to be halted by
subsequently issuing a "halt" instruction.
MORE
A line with just the 4 characters "MORE" indicates that scamper has the capacity to accept more
probing commands to run in parallel.
DATA length
A line starting with the 4 characters "DATA" follow by a space then a base-10 number indicates the
start of result. length specifies the number of characters of the data, including newlines. The data
is in binary warts format and uuencoded before transmission.
To exit attached mode the client must send a single line containing "done". To halt a command that has not
yet completed, issue a "halt" instruction with the id number returned when the command was accepted as the
sole parameter.
EXAMPLES
To use the default traceroute command to trace the path to 192.0.2.1:
scamper -i 192.0.2.1
To infer Path MTU changes in the network and associate them with a traceroute path:
scamper -I "trace -P udp-paris -M 192.0.2.1"
To use paris traceroute with ICMP probes, using 3 probes per hop, sending all probes, writing to a
specified warts file:
scamper -O warts -o file.warts -I "trace -P icmp-paris -q 3 -Q 192.0.2.1"
To ping a series of addresses defined in filename, probing each address 10 times:
scamper -c "ping -c 10" filename
Care must be taken with shell quoting when using commands with multiple levels of quoting, such as when
giving a probe description with a dealias command. The following sends UDP probes to alternating IP
addresses, one second apart, and requires the IP-ID values returned to be strictly in sequence.
scamper -O warts -o ally.warts -I "dealias -O inseq -W 1000 -m ally -p '-P udp -i 192.0.2.1' -p '-P
udp -i 192.0.2.4'"
Alternatively, the following accomplishes the same, but without specifying the UDP probe method twice.
scamper -O warts -o ally.warts -I "dealias -O inseq -W 1000 -m ally -p '-P udp' 192.0.2.1 192.0.2.4"
The following command scans 198.51.100.0/28 for a matching alias to 192.0.2.4, but skips 198.51.100.3.
scamper -O warts -o prefixscan.warts -I "dealias -O inseq -W 1000 -m prefixscan -p '-P udp' -x
198.51.100.3 192.0.2.4 198.51.100.0/28"
The following uses UDP probes to enumerate all per-flow load-balanced paths towards 192.0.2.6 to 99%
confidence; it varies the source port with each probe.
scamper -I "tracelb -P udp-sport -c 99 192.0.2.6"
SEE ALSO
ping(8), traceroute(8), libscamperfile(3), sc_ally(1), sc_analysis_dump(1), sc_attach(1), sc_tracediff(1),
sc_wartscat(1), sc_wartsdump(1), sc_warts2json(1), sc_warts2pcap(1), sc_warts2text(1),
S. Savage, Sting: a TCP-based Network Measurement Tool, 1999 USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and
Systems.
R. Govindan and H. Tangmunarunkit, Heuristics for Internet Map Discovery, Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 2000.
N. Spring, R. Mahajan, and D. Wetherall, Measuring ISP topologies with Rocketfuel, Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2002.
A. Medina, M. Allman, and S. Floyd, Measuring the evolution of transport protocols in the Internet, Proc.
ACM/SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference 2004.
M. Luckie, K. Cho, and B. Owens, Inferring and Debugging Path MTU Discovery Failures, Proc. ACM/SIGCOMM
Internet Measurement Conference 2005.
B. Donnet, P. Raoult, T. Friedman, and M. Crovella, Efficient algorithms for large-scale topology
discovery, Proc. ACM SIGMETRICS 2005.
B. Augustin, X. Cuvellier, B. Orgogozo, F. Viger, T. Friedman, M. Latapy, C. Magnien, and R. Teixeira,
Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute, Proc. ACM/SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference
2006.
B. Augustin, T. Friedman, and R. Teixeira, Measuring Load-balanced Paths in the Internet, Proc. ACM/SIGCOMM
Internet Measurement Conference 2007.
A. Bender, R. Sherwood, and N. Spring, Fixing Ally's growing pains with velocity modeling, Proc.
ACM/SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference 2008.
M. Luckie, Scamper: a Scalable and Extensible Packet Prober for Active Measurement of the Internet, Proc.
ACM/SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Conference 2010.
AUTHORS
scamper is written by Matthew Luckie <mjl@luckie.org.nz>. Alistair King contributed an initial
implementation of Doubletree; Ben Stasiewicz contributed an initial implementation of TBIT's PMTUD test;
Stephen Eichler contributed an initial implementation of TBIT's ECN test; Boris Pfahringer adapted scamper
to use GNU autotools, modularised the tests, and updated this man page. Brian Hammond of Internap Network
Services Corporation provided an initial implementation of scamper's json output format.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
scamper development was initially funded by the WIDE project in association with CAIDA. Boris' work was
funded by the University of Waikato's Centre for Open Source Innovation.