Provided by: libdbix-class-perl_0.08250-2_all bug

NAME

       DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base - Inter-table relationships

SYNOPSIS

         __PACKAGE__->add_relationship(
           spiders => 'My::DB::Result::Creatures',
           sub {
             my $args = shift;
             return {
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.id"   => { -ident => "$args->{self_alias}.id" },
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.type" => 'arachnid'
             };
           },
         );

DESCRIPTION

       This class provides methods to describe the relationships between the tables in your
       database model. These are the "bare bones" relationships methods, for predefined ones,
       look in DBIx::Class::Relationship.

METHODS

   add_relationship
       Arguments: 'relname', 'Foreign::Class', $condition, $attrs

         __PACKAGE__->add_relationship('relname',
                                       'Foreign::Class',
                                       $condition, $attrs);

       Create a custom relationship between one result source and another source, indicated by
       its class name.

       condition

       The condition argument describes the "ON" clause of the "JOIN" expression used to connect
       the two sources when creating SQL queries.

       To create simple equality joins, supply a hashref containing the remote table column name
       as the key(s), and the local table column name as the value(s), for example given:

         My::Schema::Author->has_many(
           books => 'My::Schema::Book',
           { 'foreign.author_id' => 'self.id' }
         );

       A query like:

         $author_rs->search_related('books')->next

       will result in the following "JOIN" clause:

         ... FROM author me LEFT JOIN book books ON books.author_id = me.id ...

       This describes a relationship between the "Author" table and the "Book" table where the
       "Book" table has a column "author_id" containing the ID value of the "Author".

       "foreign" and "self" are pseudo aliases and must be entered literally. They will be
       replaced with the actual correct table alias when the SQL is produced.

       Similarly:

         My::Schema::Book->has_many(
           editions => 'My::Schema::Edition',
           {
             'foreign.publisher_id' => 'self.publisher_id',
             'foreign.type_id'      => 'self.type_id',
           }
         );

         ...

         $book_rs->search_related('editions')->next

       will result in the "JOIN" clause:

         ... FROM book me
             LEFT JOIN edition editions ON
                  editions.publisher_id = me.publisher_id
              AND editions.type_id = me.type_id ...

       This describes the relationship from "Book" to "Edition", where the "Edition" table refers
       to a publisher and a type (e.g. "paperback"):

       As is the default in SQL::Abstract, the key-value pairs will be "AND"ed in the result.
       "OR" can be achieved with an arrayref, for example a condition like:

         My::Schema::Item->has_many(
           related_item_links => My::Schema::Item::Links,
           [
             { 'foreign.left_itemid'  => 'self.id' },
             { 'foreign.right_itemid' => 'self.id' },
           ],
         );

       will translate to the following "JOIN" clause:

        ... FROM item me JOIN item_relations related_item_links ON
                related_item_links.left_itemid = me.id
             OR related_item_links.right_itemid = me.id ...

       This describes the relationship from "Item" to "Item::Links", where "Item::Links" is a
       many-to-many linking table, linking items back to themselves in a peer fashion (without a
       "parent-child" designation)

       To specify joins which describe more than a simple equality of column values, the custom
       join condition coderef syntax can be used. For example:

         My::Schema::Artist->has_many(
           cds_80s => 'My::Schema::CD',
           sub {
             my $args = shift;

             return {
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.artist" => { -ident => "$args->{self_alias}.artistid" },
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.year"   => { '>', "1979", '<', "1990" },
             };
           }
         );

         ...

         $artist_rs->search_related('cds_80s')->next;

       will result in the "JOIN" clause:

         ... FROM artist me LEFT JOIN cd cds_80s ON
               cds_80s.artist = me.artistid
           AND cds_80s.year < ?
           AND cds_80s.year > ?

       with the bind values:

          '1990', '1979'

       "$args->{foreign_alias}" and "$args->{self_alias}" are supplied the same values that would
       be otherwise substituted for "foreign" and "self" in the simple hashref syntax case.

       The coderef is expected to return a valid SQL::Abstract query-structure, just like what
       one would supply as the first argument to "search" in DBIx::Class::ResultSet. The return
       value will be passed directly to SQL::Abstract and the resulting SQL will be used verbatim
       as the "ON" clause of the "JOIN" statement associated with this relationship.

       While every coderef-based condition must return a valid "ON" clause, it may elect to
       additionally return a simplified join-free condition hashref when invoked as
       "$result->relationship", as opposed to "$rs->related_resultset('relationship')". In this
       case $result is passed to the coderef as "$args->{self_rowobj}", so a user can do the
       following:

         sub {
           my $args = shift;

           return (
             {
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.artist" => { -ident => "$args->{self_alias}.artistid" },
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.year"   => { '>', "1979", '<', "1990" },
             },
             $args->{self_rowobj} && {
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.artist" => $args->{self_rowobj}->artistid,
               "$args->{foreign_alias}.year"   => { '>', "1979", '<', "1990" },
             },
           );
         }

       Now this code:

           my $artist = $schema->resultset("Artist")->find({ id => 4 });
           $artist->cds_80s->all;

       Can skip a "JOIN" altogether and instead produce:

           SELECT cds_80s.cdid, cds_80s.artist, cds_80s.title, cds_80s.year, cds_80s.genreid, cds_80s.single_track
             FROM cd cds_80s
             WHERE cds_80s.artist = ?
               AND cds_80s.year < ?
               AND cds_80s.year > ?

       With the bind values:

           '4', '1990', '1979'

       Note that in order to be able to use $row->create_related, the coderef must not only
       return as its second such a "simple" condition hashref which does not depend on joins
       being available, but the hashref must contain only plain values/deflatable objects, such
       that the result can be passed directly to "set_from_related" in
       DBIx::Class::Relationship::Base. For instance the "year" constraint in the above example
       prevents the relationship from being used to to create related objects (an exception will
       be thrown).

       In order to allow the user to go truly crazy when generating a custom "ON" clause, the
       $args hashref passed to the subroutine contains some extra metadata. Currently the
       supplied coderef is executed as:

         $relationship_info->{cond}->({
           self_alias        => The alias of the invoking resultset ('me' in case of a result object),
           foreign_alias     => The alias of the to-be-joined resultset (often matches relname),
           self_resultsource => The invocant's resultsource,
           foreign_relname   => The relationship name (does *not* always match foreign_alias),
           self_rowobj       => The invocant itself in case of a $result_object->$relationship call
         });

       attributes

       The standard ResultSet attributes may be used as relationship attributes. In particular,
       the 'where' attribute is useful for filtering relationships:

            __PACKAGE__->has_many( 'valid_users', 'MyApp::Schema::User',
               { 'foreign.user_id' => 'self.user_id' },
               { where => { valid => 1 } }
           );

       The following attributes are also valid:

       join_type
           Explicitly specifies the type of join to use in the relationship. Any SQL join type is
           valid, e.g. "LEFT" or "RIGHT". It will be placed in the SQL command immediately before
           "JOIN".

       proxy => $column | \@columns | \%column
           The 'proxy' attribute can be used to retrieve values, and to perform updates if the
           relationship has 'cascade_update' set. The 'might_have' and 'has_one' relationships
           have this set by default; if you want a proxy to update across a 'belongs_to'
           relationship, you must set the attribute yourself.

           \@columns
               An arrayref containing a list of accessors in the foreign class to create in the
               main class. If, for example, you do the following:

                 MyApp::Schema::CD->might_have(liner_notes => 'MyApp::Schema::LinerNotes',
                   undef, {
                     proxy => [ qw/notes/ ],
                   });

               Then, assuming MyApp::Schema::LinerNotes has an accessor named notes, you can do:

                 my $cd = MyApp::Schema::CD->find(1);
                 $cd->notes('Notes go here'); # set notes -- LinerNotes object is
                                              # created if it doesn't exist

               For a 'belongs_to relationship, note the 'cascade_update':

                 MyApp::Schema::Track->belongs_to( cd => 'DBICTest::Schema::CD', 'cd,
                     { proxy => ['title'], cascade_update => 1 }
                 );
                 $track->title('New Title');
                 $track->update; # updates title in CD

           \%column
               A hashref where each key is the accessor you want installed in the main class, and
               its value is the name of the original in the fireign class.

                 MyApp::Schema::Track->belongs_to( cd => 'DBICTest::Schema::CD', 'cd', {
                     proxy => { cd_title => 'title' },
                 });

               This will create an accessor named "cd_title" on the $track result object.

           NOTE: you can pass a nested struct too, for example:

             MyApp::Schema::Track->belongs_to( cd => 'DBICTest::Schema::CD', 'cd', {
               proxy => [ 'year', { cd_title => 'title' } ],
             });

       accessor
           Specifies the type of accessor that should be created for the relationship.  Valid
           values are "single" (for when there is only a single related object), "multi" (when
           there can be many), and "filter" (for when there is a single related object, but you
           also want the relationship accessor to double as a column accessor). For "multi"
           accessors, an add_to_* method is also created, which calls "create_related" for the
           relationship.

       is_foreign_key_constraint
           If you are using SQL::Translator to create SQL for you and you find that it is
           creating constraints where it shouldn't, or not creating them where it should, set
           this attribute to a true or false value to override the detection of when to create
           constraints.

       cascade_copy
           If "cascade_copy" is true on a "has_many" relationship for an object, then when you
           copy the object all the related objects will be copied too. To turn this behaviour
           off, pass "cascade_copy => 0" in the $attr hashref.

           The behaviour defaults to "cascade_copy => 1" for "has_many" relationships.

       cascade_delete
           By default, DBIx::Class cascades deletes across "has_many", "has_one" and "might_have"
           relationships. You can disable this behaviour on a per-relationship basis by supplying
           "cascade_delete => 0" in the relationship attributes.

           The cascaded operations are performed after the requested delete, so if your database
           has a constraint on the relationship, it will have deleted/updated the related records
           or raised an exception before DBIx::Class gets to perform the cascaded operation.

       cascade_update
           By default, DBIx::Class cascades updates across "has_one" and "might_have"
           relationships. You can disable this behaviour on a per-relationship basis by supplying
           "cascade_update => 0" in the relationship attributes.

           The "belongs_to" relationship does not update across relationships by default, so if
           you have a 'proxy' attribute on a belongs_to and want to use 'update' on it, you muse
           set "cascade_update => 1".

           This is not a RDMS style cascade update - it purely means that when an object has
           update called on it, all the related objects also have update called. It will not
           change foreign keys automatically - you must arrange to do this yourself.

       on_delete / on_update
           If you are using SQL::Translator to create SQL for you, you can use these attributes
           to explicitly set the desired "ON DELETE" or "ON UPDATE" constraint type. If not
           supplied the SQLT parser will attempt to infer the constraint type by interrogating
           the attributes of the opposite relationship. For any 'multi' relationship with
           "cascade_delete => 1", the corresponding belongs_to relationship will be created with
           an "ON DELETE CASCADE" constraint. For any relationship bearing "cascade_copy => 1"
           the resulting belongs_to constraint will be "ON UPDATE CASCADE". If you wish to
           disable this autodetection, and just use the RDBMS' default constraint type, pass
           "on_delete => undef" or "on_delete => ''", and the same for "on_update" respectively.

       is_deferrable
           Tells SQL::Translator that the foreign key constraint it creates should be deferrable.
           In other words, the user may request that the constraint be ignored until the end of
           the transaction. Currently, only the PostgreSQL producer actually supports this.

       add_fk_index
           Tells SQL::Translator to add an index for this constraint. Can also be specified
           globally in the args to "deploy" in DBIx::Class::Schema or "create_ddl_dir" in
           DBIx::Class::Schema. Default is on, set to 0 to disable.

   register_relationship
       Arguments: $rel_name, $rel_info

       Registers a relationship on the class. This is called internally by
       DBIx::Class::ResultSourceProxy to set up Accessors and Proxies.

   related_resultset
       Arguments: $rel_name
       Return Value: $related_resultset

         $rs = $cd->related_resultset('artist');

       Returns a DBIx::Class::ResultSet for the relationship named $rel_name.

   $relationship_accessor
       Arguments: none
       Return Value: $result | $related_resultset | undef

         # These pairs do the same thing
         $row = $cd->related_resultset('artist')->single;  # has_one relationship
         $row = $cd->artist;
         $rs = $cd->related_resultset('tracks');           # has_many relationship
         $rs = $cd->tracks;

       This is the recommended way to traverse through relationships, based on the "accessor"
       name given in the relationship definition.

       This will return either a Result or a ResultSet, depending on if the relationship is
       "single" (returns only one row) or "multi" (returns many rows).  The method may also
       return "undef" if the relationship doesn't exist for this instance (like in the case of
       "might_have" relationships).

   search_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, $cond?, \%attrs?
       Return Value: $resultset (scalar context) | @result_objs (list context)

       Run a search on a related resultset. The search will be restricted to the results
       represented by the DBIx::Class::ResultSet it was called upon.

       See "search_related" in DBIx::Class::ResultSet for more information.

   search_related_rs
       This method works exactly the same as search_related, except that it guarantees a
       resultset, even in list context.

   count_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, $cond?, \%attrs?
       Return Value: $count

       Returns the count of all the rows in the related resultset, restricted by the current
       result or where conditions.

   new_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, \%col_data
       Return Value: $result

       Create a new result object of the related foreign class.  It will magically set any
       foreign key columns of the new object to the related primary key columns of the source
       object for you.  The newly created result will not be saved into your storage until you
       call "insert" in DBIx::Class::Row on it.

   create_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, \%col_data
       Return Value: $result

         my $result = $obj->create_related($rel_name, \%col_data);

       Creates a new result object, similarly to new_related, and also inserts the result's data
       into your storage medium. See the distinction between "create" and "new" in
       DBIx::Class::ResultSet for details.

   find_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, \%col_data | @pk_values, { key => $unique_constraint, %attrs }?
       Return Value: $result | undef

         my $result = $obj->find_related($rel_name, \%col_data);

       Attempt to find a related object using its primary key or unique constraints.  See "find"
       in DBIx::Class::ResultSet for details.

   find_or_new_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, \%col_data, { key => $unique_constraint, %attrs }?
       Return Value: $result

       Find a result object of a related class.  See "find_or_new" in DBIx::Class::ResultSet for
       details.

   find_or_create_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, \%col_data, { key => $unique_constraint, %attrs }?
       Return Value: $result

       Find or create a result object of a related class. See "find_or_create" in
       DBIx::Class::ResultSet for details.

   update_or_create_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, \%col_data, { key => $unique_constraint, %attrs }?
       Return Value: $result

       Update or create a result object of a related class. See "update_or_create" in
       DBIx::Class::ResultSet for details.

   set_from_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, $result
       Return Value: not defined

         $book->set_from_related('author', $author_obj);
         $book->author($author_obj);                      ## same thing

       Set column values on the current object, using related values from the given related
       object. This is used to associate previously separate objects, for example, to set the
       correct author for a book, find the Author object, then call set_from_related on the book.

       This is called internally when you pass existing objects as values to "create" in
       DBIx::Class::ResultSet, or pass an object to a belongs_to accessor.

       The columns are only set in the local copy of the object, call "update" to set them in the
       storage.

   update_from_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, $result
       Return Value: not defined

         $book->update_from_related('author', $author_obj);

       The same as "set_from_related", but the changes are immediately updated in storage.

   delete_related
       Arguments: $rel_name, $cond?, \%attrs?
       Return Value: $underlying_storage_rv

       Delete any related row, subject to the given conditions.  Internally, this calls:

         $self->search_related(@_)->delete

       And returns the result of that.

   add_to_$rel
       Currently only available for "has_many", "many_to_many" and 'multi' type relationships.

       has_many / multi

       Arguments: \%col_data
       Return Value: $result

       Creates/inserts a new result object.  Internally, this calls:

         $self->create_related($rel, @_)

       And returns the result of that.

       many_to_many

       Arguments: (\%col_data | $result), \%link_col_data?
       Return Value: $result

         my $role = $schema->resultset('Role')->find(1);
         $actor->add_to_roles($role);
             # creates a My::DBIC::Schema::ActorRoles linking table result object

         $actor->add_to_roles({ name => 'lead' }, { salary => 15_000_000 });
             # creates a new My::DBIC::Schema::Role result object and the linking table
             # object with an extra column in the link

       Adds a linking table object. If the first argument is a hash reference, the related object
       is created first with the column values in the hash. If an object reference is given, just
       the linking table object is created. In either case, any additional column values for the
       linking table object can be specified in "\%link_col_data".

       See "many_to_many" in DBIx::Class::Relationship for additional details.

   set_$rel
       Currently only available for "many_to_many" relationships.

       Arguments: (\@hashrefs_of_col_data | \@result_objs), $link_vals?
       Return Value: not defined

         my $actor = $schema->resultset('Actor')->find(1);
         my @roles = $schema->resultset('Role')->search({ role =>
            { '-in' => ['Fred', 'Barney'] } } );

         $actor->set_roles(\@roles);
            # Replaces all of $actor's previous roles with the two named

         $actor->set_roles(\@roles, { salary => 15_000_000 });
            # Sets a column in the link table for all roles

       Replace all the related objects with the given reference to a list of objects. This does a
       "delete" on the link table resultset to remove the association between the current object
       and all related objects, then calls "add_to_$rel" repeatedly to link all the new objects.

       Note that this means that this method will not delete any objects in the table on the
       right side of the relation, merely that it will delete the link between them.

       Due to a mistake in the original implementation of this method, it will also accept a list
       of objects or hash references. This is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

   remove_from_$rel
       Currently only available for "many_to_many" relationships.

       Arguments: $result
       Return Value: not defined

         my $role = $schema->resultset('Role')->find(1);
         $actor->remove_from_roles($role);
             # removes $role's My::DBIC::Schema::ActorRoles linking table result object

       Removes the link between the current object and the related object. Note that the related
       object itself won't be deleted unless you call ->delete() on it. This method just removes
       the link between the two objects.

AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS

       See AUTHOR and CONTRIBUTORS in DBIx::Class

LICENSE

       You may distribute this code under the same terms as Perl itself.