Provided by: libexcel-writer-xlsx-perl_0.76-1_all bug

NAME

       Excel::Writer::XLSX - Create a new file in the Excel 2007+ XLSX format.

VERSION

       This document refers to version 0.76 of Excel::Writer::XLSX, released December 31, 2013.

SYNOPSIS

       To write a string, a formatted string, a number and a formula to the first worksheet in an
       Excel workbook called perl.xlsx:

           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           # Create a new Excel workbook
           my $workbook = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'perl.xlsx' );

           # Add a worksheet
           $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           #  Add and define a format
           $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_bold();
           $format->set_color( 'red' );
           $format->set_align( 'center' );

           # Write a formatted and unformatted string, row and column notation.
           $col = $row = 0;
           $worksheet->write( $row, $col, 'Hi Excel!', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 1, $col, 'Hi Excel!' );

           # Write a number and a formula using A1 notation
           $worksheet->write( 'A3', 1.2345 );
           $worksheet->write( 'A4', '=SIN(PI()/4)' );

DESCRIPTION

       The "Excel::Writer::XLSX" module can be used to create an Excel file in the 2007+ XLSX
       format.

       The XLSX format is the Office Open XML (OOXML) format used by Excel 2007 and later.

       Multiple worksheets can be added to a workbook and formatting can be applied to cells.
       Text, numbers, and formulas can be written to the cells.

       This module cannot, as yet, be used to write to an existing Excel XLSX file.

Excel::Writer::XLSX and Spreadsheet::WriteExcel

       "Excel::Writer::XLSX" uses the same interface as the Spreadsheet::WriteExcel module which
       produces an Excel file in binary XLS format.

       Excel::Writer::XLSX supports all of the features of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and in some
       cases has more functionality. For more details see "Compatibility with
       Spreadsheet::WriteExcel".

       The main advantage of the XLSX format over the XLS format is that it allows a larger
       number of rows and columns in a worksheet. The XLSX file format also produces much smaller
       files than the XLS file format.

QUICK START

       Excel::Writer::XLSX tries to provide an interface to as many of Excel's features as
       possible. As a result there is a lot of documentation to accompany the interface and it
       can be difficult at first glance to see what it important and what is not. So for those of
       you who prefer to assemble Ikea furniture first and then read the instructions, here are
       three easy steps:

       1. Create a new Excel workbook (i.e. file) using "new()".

       2. Add a worksheet to the new workbook using "add_worksheet()".

       3. Write to the worksheet using "write()".

       Like this:

           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;                                   # Step 0

           my $workbook = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'perl.xlsx' );    # Step 1
           $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();                   # Step 2
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', 'Hi Excel!' );                    # Step 3

       This will create an Excel file called "perl.xlsx" with a single worksheet and the text 'Hi
       Excel!' in the relevant cell. And that's it. Okay, so there is actually a zeroth step as
       well, but "use module" goes without saying. There are many examples that come with the
       distribution and which you can use to get you started. See "EXAMPLES".

       Those of you who read the instructions first and assemble the furniture afterwards will
       know how to proceed. ;-)

WORKBOOK METHODS

       The Excel::Writer::XLSX module provides an object oriented interface to a new Excel
       workbook. The following methods are available through a new workbook.

           new()
           add_worksheet()
           add_format()
           add_chart()
           add_shape()
           add_vba_project()
           close()
           set_properties()
           define_name()
           set_tempdir()
           set_custom_color()
           sheets()
           set_1904()
           set_optimization()

       If you are unfamiliar with object oriented interfaces or the way that they are implemented
       in Perl have a look at "perlobj" and "perltoot" in the main Perl documentation.

   new()
       A new Excel workbook is created using the "new()" constructor which accepts either a
       filename or a filehandle as a parameter. The following example creates a new Excel file
       based on a filename:

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'filename.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'Hi Excel!' );

       Here are some other examples of using "new()" with filenames:

           my $workbook1 = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( $filename );
           my $workbook2 = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( '/tmp/filename.xlsx' );
           my $workbook3 = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( "c:\\tmp\\filename.xlsx" );
           my $workbook4 = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'c:\tmp\filename.xlsx' );

       The last two examples demonstrates how to create a file on DOS or Windows where it is
       necessary to either escape the directory separator "\" or to use single quotes to ensure
       that it isn't interpolated. For more information see "perlfaq5: Why can't I use
       "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?".

       It is recommended that the filename uses the extension ".xlsx" rather than ".xls" since
       the latter causes an Excel warning when used with the XLSX format.

       The "new()" constructor returns a Excel::Writer::XLSX object that you can use to add
       worksheets and store data. It should be noted that although "my" is not specifically
       required it defines the scope of the new workbook variable and, in the majority of cases,
       ensures that the workbook is closed properly without explicitly calling the "close()"
       method.

       If the file cannot be created, due to file permissions or some other reason,  "new" will
       return "undef". Therefore, it is good practice to check the return value of "new" before
       proceeding. As usual the Perl variable $! will be set if there is a file creation error.
       You will also see one of the warning messages detailed in "DIAGNOSTICS":

           my $workbook = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'protected.xlsx' );
           die "Problems creating new Excel file: $!" unless defined $workbook;

       You can also pass a valid filehandle to the "new()" constructor. For example in a CGI
       program you could do something like this:

           binmode( STDOUT );
           my $workbook = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( \*STDOUT );

       The requirement for "binmode()" is explained below.

       See also, the "cgi.pl" program in the "examples" directory of the distro.

       In "mod_perl" programs where you will have to do something like the following:

           # mod_perl 1
           ...
           tie *XLSX, 'Apache';
           binmode( XLSX );
           my $workbook = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( \*XLSX );
           ...

           # mod_perl 2
           ...
           tie *XLSX => $r;    # Tie to the Apache::RequestRec object
           binmode( *XLSX );
           my $workbook = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( \*XLSX );
           ...

       See also, the "mod_perl1.pl" and "mod_perl2.pl" programs in the "examples" directory of
       the distro.

       Filehandles can also be useful if you want to stream an Excel file over a socket or if you
       want to store an Excel file in a scalar.

       For example here is a way to write an Excel file to a scalar:

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           open my $fh, '>', \my $str or die "Failed to open filehandle: $!";

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( $fh );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'Hi Excel!' );

           $workbook->close();

           # The Excel file in now in $str. Remember to binmode() the output
           # filehandle before printing it.
           binmode STDOUT;
           print $str;

       See also the "write_to_scalar.pl" and "filehandle.pl" programs in the "examples" directory
       of the distro.

       Note about the requirement for "binmode()". An Excel file is comprised of binary data.
       Therefore, if you are using a filehandle you should ensure that you "binmode()" it prior
       to passing it to "new()".You should do this regardless of whether you are on a Windows
       platform or not.

       You don't have to worry about "binmode()" if you are using filenames instead of
       filehandles. Excel::Writer::XLSX performs the "binmode()" internally when it converts the
       filename to a filehandle. For more information about "binmode()" see "perlfunc" and
       "perlopentut" in the main Perl documentation.

   add_worksheet( $sheetname )
       At least one worksheet should be added to a new workbook. A worksheet is used to write
       data into cells:

           $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();               # Sheet1
           $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'Foglio2' );    # Foglio2
           $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'Data' );       # Data
           $worksheet4 = $workbook->add_worksheet();               # Sheet4

       If $sheetname is not specified the default Excel convention will be followed, i.e. Sheet1,
       Sheet2, etc.

       The worksheet name must be a valid Excel worksheet name, i.e. it cannot contain any of the
       following characters, "[ ] : * ? / \" and it must be less than 32 characters. In addition,
       you cannot use the same, case insensitive, $sheetname for more than one worksheet.

   add_format( %properties )
       The "add_format()" method can be used to create new Format objects which are used to apply
       formatting to a cell. You can either define the properties at creation time via a hash of
       property values or later via method calls.

           $format1 = $workbook->add_format( %props );    # Set properties at creation
           $format2 = $workbook->add_format();            # Set properties later

       See the "CELL FORMATTING" section for more details about Format properties and how to set
       them.

   add_chart( %properties )
       This method is use to create a new chart either as a standalone worksheet (the default) or
       as an embeddable object that can be inserted into a worksheet via the "insert_chart()"
       Worksheet method.

           my $chart = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'column' );

       The properties that can be set are:

           type     (required)
           subtype  (optional)
           name     (optional)
           embedded (optional)

       •   "type"

           This is a required parameter. It defines the type of chart that will be created.

               my $chart = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line' );

           The available types are:

               area
               bar
               column
               line
               pie
               scatter
               stock

       •   "subtype"

           Used to define a chart subtype where available.

               my $chart = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'bar', subtype => 'stacked' );

           See the Excel::Writer::XLSX::Chart documentation for a list of available chart
           subtypes.

       •   "name"

           Set the name for the chart sheet. The name property is optional and if it isn't
           supplied will default to "Chart1 .. n". The name must be a valid Excel worksheet name.
           See "add_worksheet()" for more details on valid sheet names. The "name" property can
           be omitted for embedded charts.

               my $chart = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line', name => 'Results Chart' );

       •   "embedded"

           Specifies that the Chart object will be inserted in a worksheet via the
           "insert_chart()" Worksheet method. It is an error to try insert a Chart that doesn't
           have this flag set.

               my $chart = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line', embedded => 1 );

               # Configure the chart.
               ...

               # Insert the chart into the a worksheet.
               $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart );

       See Excel::Writer::XLSX::Chart for details on how to configure the chart object once it is
       created. See also the "chart_*.pl" programs in the examples directory of the distro.

   add_shape( %properties )
       The "add_shape()" method can be used to create new shapes that may be inserted into a
       worksheet.

       You can either define the properties at creation time via a hash of property values or
       later via method calls.

           # Set properties at creation.
           $plus = $workbook->add_shape(
               type   => 'plus',
               id     => 3,
               width  => $pw,
               height => $ph
           );

           # Default rectangle shape. Set properties later.
           $rect =  $workbook->add_shape();

       See Excel::Writer::XLSX::Shape for details on how to configure the shape object once it is
       created.

       See also the "shape*.pl" programs in the examples directory of the distro.

   add_vba_project( 'vbaProject.bin' )
       The "add_vba_project()" method can be used to add macros or functions to an
       Excel::Writer::XLSX file using a binary VBA project file that has been extracted from an
       existing Excel "xlsm" file.

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'file.xlsm' );

           $workbook->add_vba_project( './vbaProject.bin' );

       The supplied "extract_vba" utility can be used to extract the required "vbaProject.bin"
       file from an existing Excel file:

           $ extract_vba file.xlsm
           Extracted 'vbaProject.bin' successfully

       Macros can be tied to buttons using the worksheet "insert_button()" method (see the
       "WORKSHEET METHODS" section for details):

           $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro' } );

       Note, Excel uses the file extension "xlsm" instead of "xlsx" for files that contain
       macros. It is advisable to follow the same convention.

       See also the "macros.pl" example file.

   close()
       In general your Excel file will be closed automatically when your program ends or when the
       Workbook object goes out of scope, however the "close()" method can be used to explicitly
       close an Excel file.

           $workbook->close();

       An explicit "close()" is required if the file must be closed prior to performing some
       external action on it such as copying it, reading its size or attaching it to an email.

       In addition, "close()" may be required to prevent perl's garbage collector from disposing
       of the Workbook, Worksheet and Format objects in the wrong order. Situations where this
       can occur are:

       •   If "my()" was not used to declare the scope of a workbook variable created using
           "new()".

       •   If the "new()", "add_worksheet()" or "add_format()" methods are called in subroutines.

       The reason for this is that Excel::Writer::XLSX relies on Perl's "DESTROY" mechanism to
       trigger destructor methods in a specific sequence. This may not happen in cases where the
       Workbook, Worksheet and Format variables are not lexically scoped or where they have
       different lexical scopes.

       In general, if you create a file with a size of 0 bytes or you fail to create a file you
       need to call "close()".

       The return value of "close()" is the same as that returned by perl when it closes the file
       created by "new()". This allows you to handle error conditions in the usual way:

           $workbook->close() or die "Error closing file: $!";

   set_properties()
       The "set_properties" method can be used to set the document properties of the Excel file
       created by "Excel::Writer::XLSX". These properties are visible when you use the "Office
       Button -> Prepare -> Properties" option in Excel and are also available to external
       applications that read or index windows files.

       The properties should be passed in hash format as follows:

           $workbook->set_properties(
               title    => 'This is an example spreadsheet',
               author   => 'John McNamara',
               comments => 'Created with Perl and Excel::Writer::XLSX',
           );

       The properties that can be set are:

           title
           subject
           author
           manager
           company
           category
           keywords
           comments
           status

       See also the "properties.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro.

   define_name()
       This method is used to defined a name that can be used to represent a value, a single cell
       or a range of cells in a workbook.

       For example to set a global/workbook name:

           # Global/workbook names.
           $workbook->define_name( 'Exchange_rate', '=0.96' );
           $workbook->define_name( 'Sales',         '=Sheet1!$G$1:$H$10' );

       It is also possible to define a local/worksheet name by prefixing the name with the sheet
       name using the syntax "sheetname!definedname":

           # Local/worksheet name.
           $workbook->define_name( 'Sheet2!Sales',  '=Sheet2!$G$1:$G$10' );

       If the sheet name contains spaces or special characters you must enclose it in single
       quotes like in Excel:

           $workbook->define_name( "'New Data'!Sales",  '=Sheet2!$G$1:$G$10' );

       See the defined_name.pl program in the examples dir of the distro.

       Refer to the following to see Excel's syntax rules for defined names:
       <http://office.microsoft.com/en-001/excel-help/define-and-use-names-in-formulas-HA010147120.aspx#BMsyntax_rules_for_names>

   set_tempdir()
       "Excel::Writer::XLSX" stores worksheet data in temporary files prior to assembling the
       final workbook.

       The "File::Temp" module is used to create these temporary files. File::Temp uses
       "File::Spec" to determine an appropriate location for these files such as "/tmp" or
       "c:\windows\temp". You can find out which directory is used on your system as follows:

           perl -MFile::Spec -le "print File::Spec->tmpdir()"

       If the default temporary file directory isn't accessible to your application, or doesn't
       contain enough space, you can specify an alternative location using the "set_tempdir()"
       method:

           $workbook->set_tempdir( '/tmp/writeexcel' );
           $workbook->set_tempdir( 'c:\windows\temp\writeexcel' );

       The directory for the temporary file must exist, "set_tempdir()" will not create a new
       directory.

   set_custom_color( $index, $red, $green, $blue )
       The "set_custom_color()" method can be used to override one of the built-in palette values
       with a more suitable colour.

       The value for $index should be in the range 8..63, see "COLOURS IN EXCEL".

       The default named colours use the following indices:

            8   =>   black
            9   =>   white
           10   =>   red
           11   =>   lime
           12   =>   blue
           13   =>   yellow
           14   =>   magenta
           15   =>   cyan
           16   =>   brown
           17   =>   green
           18   =>   navy
           20   =>   purple
           22   =>   silver
           23   =>   gray
           33   =>   pink
           53   =>   orange

       A new colour is set using its RGB (red green blue) components. The $red, $green and $blue
       values must be in the range 0..255. You can determine the required values in Excel using
       the "Tools->Options->Colors->Modify" dialog.

       The "set_custom_color()" workbook method can also be used with a HTML style "#rrggbb" hex
       value:

           $workbook->set_custom_color( 40, 255,  102,  0 );       # Orange
           $workbook->set_custom_color( 40, 0xFF, 0x66, 0x00 );    # Same thing
           $workbook->set_custom_color( 40, '#FF6600' );           # Same thing

           my $font = $workbook->add_format( color => 40 );        # Modified colour

       The return value from "set_custom_color()" is the index of the colour that was changed:

           my $ferrari = $workbook->set_custom_color( 40, 216, 12, 12 );

           my $format = $workbook->add_format(
               bg_color => $ferrari,
               pattern  => 1,
               border   => 1
           );

       Note, In the XLSX format the color palette isn't actually confined to 53 unique colors.
       The Excel::Writer::XLSX module will be extended at a later stage to support the newer,
       semi-infinite, palette.

   sheets( 0, 1, ... )
       The "sheets()" method returns a list, or a sliced list, of the worksheets in a workbook.

       If no arguments are passed the method returns a list of all the worksheets in the
       workbook. This is useful if you want to repeat an operation on each worksheet:

           for $worksheet ( $workbook->sheets() ) {
               print $worksheet->get_name();
           }

       You can also specify a slice list to return one or more worksheet objects:

           $worksheet = $workbook->sheets( 0 );
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', 'Hello' );

       Or since the return value from "sheets()" is a reference to a worksheet object you can
       write the above example as:

           $workbook->sheets( 0 )->write( 'A1', 'Hello' );

       The following example returns the first and last worksheet in a workbook:

           for $worksheet ( $workbook->sheets( 0, -1 ) ) {
               # Do something
           }

       Array slices are explained in the "perldata" manpage.

   set_1904()
       Excel stores dates as real numbers where the integer part stores the number of days since
       the epoch and the fractional part stores the percentage of the day. The epoch can be
       either 1900 or 1904. Excel for Windows uses 1900 and Excel for Macintosh uses 1904.
       However, Excel on either platform will convert automatically between one system and the
       other.

       Excel::Writer::XLSX stores dates in the 1900 format by default. If you wish to change this
       you can call the "set_1904()" workbook method. You can query the current value by calling
       the "get_1904()" workbook method. This returns 0 for 1900 and 1 for 1904.

       See also "DATES AND TIME IN EXCEL" for more information about working with Excel's date
       system.

       In general you probably won't need to use "set_1904()".

   set_optimization()
       The "set_optimization()" method is used to turn on optimizations in the
       Excel::Writer::XLSX module. Currently there is only one optimization available and that is
       to reduce memory usage.

           $workbook->set_optimization();

       See "SPEED AND MEMORY USAGE" for more background information.

       Note, that with this optimization turned on a row of data is written and then discarded
       when a cell in a new row is added via one of the Worksheet "write_*()" methods. As such
       data should be written in sequential row order once the optimization is turned on.

       This method must be called before any calls to "add_worksheet()".

WORKSHEET METHODS

       A new worksheet is created by calling the "add_worksheet()" method from a workbook object:

           $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
           $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet();

       The following methods are available through a new worksheet:

           write()
           write_number()
           write_string()
           write_rich_string()
           keep_leading_zeros()
           write_blank()
           write_row()
           write_col()
           write_date_time()
           write_url()
           write_url_range()
           write_formula()
           write_comment()
           show_comments()
           set_comments_author()
           add_write_handler()
           insert_image()
           insert_chart()
           insert_shape()
           insert_button()
           data_validation()
           conditional_formatting()
           add_sparkline()
           add_table()
           get_name()
           activate()
           select()
           hide()
           set_first_sheet()
           protect()
           set_selection()
           set_row()
           set_default_row()
           set_column()
           outline_settings()
           freeze_panes()
           split_panes()
           merge_range()
           merge_range_type()
           set_zoom()
           right_to_left()
           hide_zero()
           set_tab_color()
           autofilter()
           filter_column()
           filter_column_list()

   Cell notation
       Excel::Writer::XLSX supports two forms of notation to designate the position of cells:
       Row-column notation and A1 notation.

       Row-column notation uses a zero based index for both row and column while A1 notation uses
       the standard Excel alphanumeric sequence of column letter and 1-based row. For example:

           (0, 0)      # The top left cell in row-column notation.
           ('A1')      # The top left cell in A1 notation.

           (1999, 29)  # Row-column notation.
           ('AD2000')  # The same cell in A1 notation.

       Row-column notation is useful if you are referring to cells programmatically:

           for my $i ( 0 .. 9 ) {
               $worksheet->write( $i, 0, 'Hello' );    # Cells A1 to A10
           }

       A1 notation is useful for setting up a worksheet manually and for working with formulas:

           $worksheet->write( 'H1', 200 );
           $worksheet->write( 'H2', '=H1+1' );

       In formulas and applicable methods you can also use the "A:A" column notation:

           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '=SUM(B:B)' );

       The "Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility" module that is included in the distro contains helper
       functions for dealing with A1 notation, for example:

           use Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility;

           ( $row, $col ) = xl_cell_to_rowcol( 'C2' );    # (1, 2)
           $str           = xl_rowcol_to_cell( 1, 2 );    # C2

       For simplicity, the parameter lists for the worksheet method calls in the following
       sections are given in terms of row-column notation. In all cases it is also possible to
       use A1 notation.

       Note: in Excel it is also possible to use a R1C1 notation. This is not supported by
       Excel::Writer::XLSX.

   write( $row, $column, $token, $format )
       Excel makes a distinction between data types such as strings, numbers, blanks, formulas
       and hyperlinks. To simplify the process of writing data the "write()" method acts as a
       general alias for several more specific methods:

           write_string()
           write_number()
           write_blank()
           write_formula()
           write_url()
           write_row()
           write_col()

       The general rule is that if the data looks like a something then a something is written.
       Here are some examples in both row-column and A1 notation:

                                                               # Same as:
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'Hello'                 ); # write_string()
           $worksheet->write( 1, 0, 'One'                   ); # write_string()
           $worksheet->write( 2, 0,  2                      ); # write_number()
           $worksheet->write( 3, 0,  3.00001                ); # write_number()
           $worksheet->write( 4, 0,  ""                     ); # write_blank()
           $worksheet->write( 5, 0,  ''                     ); # write_blank()
           $worksheet->write( 6, 0,  undef                  ); # write_blank()
           $worksheet->write( 7, 0                          ); # write_blank()
           $worksheet->write( 8, 0,  'http://www.perl.com/' ); # write_url()
           $worksheet->write( 'A9',  'ftp://ftp.cpan.org/'  ); # write_url()
           $worksheet->write( 'A10', 'internal:Sheet1!A1'   ); # write_url()
           $worksheet->write( 'A11', 'external:c:\foo.xlsx' ); # write_url()
           $worksheet->write( 'A12', '=A3 + 3*A4'           ); # write_formula()
           $worksheet->write( 'A13', '=SIN(PI()/4)'         ); # write_formula()
           $worksheet->write( 'A14', \@array                ); # write_row()
           $worksheet->write( 'A15', [\@array]              ); # write_col()

           # And if the keep_leading_zeros property is set:
           $worksheet->write( 'A16', '2'                    ); # write_number()
           $worksheet->write( 'A17', '02'                   ); # write_string()
           $worksheet->write( 'A18', '00002'                ); # write_string()

           # Write an array formula. Not available in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           $worksheet->write( 'A19', '{=SUM(A1:B1*A2:B2)}'  ); # write_formula()

       The "looks like" rule is defined by regular expressions:

       "write_number()" if $token is a number based on the following regex: "$token =~
       /^([+-]?)(?=\d|\.\d)\d*(\.\d*)?([Ee]([+-]?\d+))?$/".

       "write_string()" if "keep_leading_zeros()" is set and $token is an integer with leading
       zeros based on the following regex: "$token =~ /^0\d+$/".

       "write_blank()" if $token is undef or a blank string: "undef", "" or ''.

       "write_url()" if $token is a http, https, ftp or mailto URL based on the following
       regexes: "$token =~ m|^[fh]tt?ps?://|" or "$token =~ m|^mailto:|".

       "write_url()" if $token is an internal or external sheet reference based on the following
       regex: "$token =~ m[^(in|ex)ternal:]".

       "write_formula()" if the first character of $token is "=".

       "write_array_formula()" if the $token matches "/^{=.*}$/".

       "write_row()" if $token is an array ref.

       "write_col()" if $token is an array ref of array refs.

       "write_string()" if none of the previous conditions apply.

       The $format parameter is optional. It should be a valid Format object, see "CELL
       FORMATTING":

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_bold();
           $format->set_color( 'red' );
           $format->set_align( 'center' );

           $worksheet->write( 4, 0, 'Hello', $format );    # Formatted string

       The write() method will ignore empty strings or "undef" tokens unless a format is also
       supplied. As such you needn't worry about special handling for empty or "undef" values in
       your data. See also the "write_blank()" method.

       One problem with the "write()" method is that occasionally data looks like a number but
       you don't want it treated as a number. For example, zip codes or ID numbers often start
       with a leading zero. If you write this data as a number then the leading zero(s) will be
       stripped. You can change this default behaviour by using the "keep_leading_zeros()"
       method. While this property is in place any integers with leading zeros will be treated as
       strings and the zeros will be preserved. See the "keep_leading_zeros()" section for a full
       discussion of this issue.

       You can also add your own data handlers to the "write()" method using
       "add_write_handler()".

       The "write()" method will also handle Unicode strings in "UTF-8" format.

       The "write" methods return:

           0 for success.
          -1 for insufficient number of arguments.
          -2 for row or column out of bounds.
          -3 for string too long.

   write_number( $row, $column, $number, $format )
       Write an integer or a float to the cell specified by $row and $column:

           $worksheet->write_number( 0, 0, 123456 );
           $worksheet->write_number( 'A2', 2.3451 );

       See the note about "Cell notation". The $format parameter is optional.

       In general it is sufficient to use the "write()" method.

       Note: some versions of Excel 2007 do not display the calculated values of formulas written
       by Excel::Writer::XLSX. Applying all available Service Packs to Excel should fix this.

   write_string( $row, $column, $string, $format )
       Write a string to the cell specified by $row and $column:

           $worksheet->write_string( 0, 0, 'Your text here' );
           $worksheet->write_string( 'A2', 'or here' );

       The maximum string size is 32767 characters. However the maximum string segment that Excel
       can display in a cell is 1000. All 32767 characters can be displayed in the formula bar.

       The $format parameter is optional.

       The "write()" method will also handle strings in "UTF-8" format. See also the
       "unicode_*.pl" programs in the examples directory of the distro.

       In general it is sufficient to use the "write()" method. However, you may sometimes wish
       to use the "write_string()" method to write data that looks like a number but that you
       don't want treated as a number. For example, zip codes or phone numbers:

           # Write as a plain string
           $worksheet->write_string( 'A1', '01209' );

       However, if the user edits this string Excel may convert it back to a number. To get
       around this you can use the Excel text format "@":

           # Format as a string. Doesn't change to a number when edited
           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => '@' );
           $worksheet->write_string( 'A2', '01209', $format1 );

       See also the note about "Cell notation".

   write_rich_string( $row, $column, $format, $string, ..., $cell_format )
       The "write_rich_string()" method is used to write strings with multiple formats. For
       example to write the string "This is bold and this is italic" you would use the following:

           my $bold   = $workbook->add_format( bold   => 1 );
           my $italic = $workbook->add_format( italic => 1 );

           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A1',
               'This is ', $bold, 'bold', ' and this is ', $italic, 'italic' );

       The basic rule is to break the string into fragments and put a $format object before the
       fragment that you want to format. For example:

           # Unformatted string.
             'This is an example string'

           # Break it into fragments.
             'This is an ', 'example', ' string'

           # Add formatting before the fragments you want formatted.
             'This is an ', $format, 'example', ' string'

           # In Excel::Writer::XLSX.
           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A1',
               'This is an ', $format, 'example', ' string' );

       String fragments that don't have a format are given a default format. So for example when
       writing the string "Some bold text" you would use the first example below but it would be
       equivalent to the second:

           # With default formatting:
           my $bold    = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );

           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A1',
               'Some ', $bold, 'bold', ' text' );

           # Or more explicitly:
           my $bold    = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1 );
           my $default = $workbook->add_format();

           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A1',
               $default, 'Some ', $bold, 'bold', $default, ' text' );

       As with Excel, only the font properties of the format such as font name, style, size,
       underline, color and effects are applied to the string fragments. Other features such as
       border, background, text wrap and alignment must be applied to the cell.

       The "write_rich_string()" method allows you to do this by using the last argument as a
       cell format (if it is a format object). The following example centers a rich string in the
       cell:

           my $bold   = $workbook->add_format( bold  => 1 );
           my $center = $workbook->add_format( align => 'center' );

           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A5',
               'Some ', $bold, 'bold text', ' centered', $center );

       See the "rich_strings.pl" example in the distro for more examples.

           my $bold   = $workbook->add_format( bold        => 1 );
           my $italic = $workbook->add_format( italic      => 1 );
           my $red    = $workbook->add_format( color       => 'red' );
           my $blue   = $workbook->add_format( color       => 'blue' );
           my $center = $workbook->add_format( align       => 'center' );
           my $super  = $workbook->add_format( font_script => 1 );

           # Write some strings with multiple formats.
           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A1',
               'This is ', $bold, 'bold', ' and this is ', $italic, 'italic' );

           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A3',
               'This is ', $red, 'red', ' and this is ', $blue, 'blue' );

           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A5',
               'Some ', $bold, 'bold text', ' centered', $center );

           $worksheet->write_rich_string( 'A7',
               $italic, 'j = k', $super, '(n-1)', $center );

       As with "write_sting()" the maximum string size is 32767 characters. See also the note
       about "Cell notation".

   keep_leading_zeros()
       This method changes the default handling of integers with leading zeros when using the
       "write()" method.

       The "write()" method uses regular expressions to determine what type of data to write to
       an Excel worksheet. If the data looks like a number it writes a number using
       "write_number()". One problem with this approach is that occasionally data looks like a
       number but you don't want it treated as a number.

       Zip codes and ID numbers, for example, often start with a leading zero. If you write this
       data as a number then the leading zero(s) will be stripped. This is the also the default
       behaviour when you enter data manually in Excel.

       To get around this you can use one of three options. Write a formatted number, write the
       number as a string or use the "keep_leading_zeros()" method to change the default
       behaviour of "write()":

           # Implicitly write a number, the leading zero is removed: 1209
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '01209' );

           # Write a zero padded number using a format: 01209
           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => '00000' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A2', '01209', $format1 );

           # Write explicitly as a string: 01209
           $worksheet->write_string( 'A3', '01209' );

           # Write implicitly as a string: 01209
           $worksheet->keep_leading_zeros();
           $worksheet->write( 'A4', '01209' );

       The above code would generate a worksheet that looked like the following:

            -----------------------------------------------------------
           |   |     A     |     B     |     C     |     D     | ...
            -----------------------------------------------------------
           | 1 |      1209 |           |           |           | ...
           | 2 |     01209 |           |           |           | ...
           | 3 | 01209     |           |           |           | ...
           | 4 | 01209     |           |           |           | ...

       The examples are on different sides of the cells due to the fact that Excel displays
       strings with a left justification and numbers with a right justification by default. You
       can change this by using a format to justify the data, see "CELL FORMATTING".

       It should be noted that if the user edits the data in examples "A3" and "A4" the strings
       will revert back to numbers. Again this is Excel's default behaviour. To avoid this you
       can use the text format "@":

           # Format as a string (01209)
           my $format2 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => '@' );
           $worksheet->write_string( 'A5', '01209', $format2 );

       The "keep_leading_zeros()" property is off by default. The "keep_leading_zeros()" method
       takes 0 or 1 as an argument. It defaults to 1 if an argument isn't specified:

           $worksheet->keep_leading_zeros();       # Set on
           $worksheet->keep_leading_zeros( 1 );    # Set on
           $worksheet->keep_leading_zeros( 0 );    # Set off

       See also the "add_write_handler()" method.

   write_blank( $row, $column, $format )
       Write a blank cell specified by $row and $column:

           $worksheet->write_blank( 0, 0, $format );

       This method is used to add formatting to a cell which doesn't contain a string or number
       value.

       Excel differentiates between an "Empty" cell and a "Blank" cell. An "Empty" cell is a cell
       which doesn't contain data whilst a "Blank" cell is a cell which doesn't contain data but
       does contain formatting. Excel stores "Blank" cells but ignores "Empty" cells.

       As such, if you write an empty cell without formatting it is ignored:

           $worksheet->write( 'A1', undef, $format );    # write_blank()
           $worksheet->write( 'A2', undef );             # Ignored

       This seemingly uninteresting fact means that you can write arrays of data without special
       treatment for "undef" or empty string values.

       See the note about "Cell notation".

   write_row( $row, $column, $array_ref, $format )
       The "write_row()" method can be used to write a 1D or 2D array of data in one go. This is
       useful for converting the results of a database query into an Excel worksheet. You must
       pass a reference to the array of data rather than the array itself. The "write()" method
       is then called for each element of the data. For example:

           @array = ( 'awk', 'gawk', 'mawk' );
           $array_ref = \@array;

           $worksheet->write_row( 0, 0, $array_ref );

           # The above example is equivalent to:
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, $array[0] );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 1, $array[1] );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 2, $array[2] );

       Note: For convenience the "write()" method behaves in the same way as "write_row()" if it
       is passed an array reference. Therefore the following two method calls are equivalent:

           $worksheet->write_row( 'A1', $array_ref );    # Write a row of data
           $worksheet->write(     'A1', $array_ref );    # Same thing

       As with all of the write methods the $format parameter is optional. If a format is
       specified it is applied to all the elements of the data array.

       Array references within the data will be treated as columns. This allows you to write 2D
       arrays of data in one go. For example:

           @eec =  (
                       ['maggie', 'milly', 'molly', 'may'  ],
                       [13,       14,      15,      16     ],
                       ['shell',  'star',  'crab',  'stone']
                   );

           $worksheet->write_row( 'A1', \@eec );

       Would produce a worksheet as follows:

            -----------------------------------------------------------
           |   |    A    |    B    |    C    |    D    |    E    | ...
            -----------------------------------------------------------
           | 1 | maggie  | 13      | shell   | ...     |  ...    | ...
           | 2 | milly   | 14      | star    | ...     |  ...    | ...
           | 3 | molly   | 15      | crab    | ...     |  ...    | ...
           | 4 | may     | 16      | stone   | ...     |  ...    | ...
           | 5 | ...     | ...     | ...     | ...     |  ...    | ...
           | 6 | ...     | ...     | ...     | ...     |  ...    | ...

       To write the data in a row-column order refer to the "write_col()" method below.

       Any "undef" values in the data will be ignored unless a format is applied to the data, in
       which case a formatted blank cell will be written. In either case the appropriate row or
       column value will still be incremented.

       To find out more about array references refer to "perlref" and "perlreftut" in the main
       Perl documentation. To find out more about 2D arrays or "lists of lists" refer to
       "perllol".

       The "write_row()" method returns the first error encountered when writing the elements of
       the data or zero if no errors were encountered. See the return values described for the
       "write()" method above.

       See also the "write_arrays.pl" program in the "examples" directory of the distro.

       The "write_row()" method allows the following idiomatic conversion of a text file to an
       Excel file:

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'file.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           open INPUT, 'file.txt' or die "Couldn't open file: $!";

           $worksheet->write( $. -1, 0, [split] ) while <INPUT>;

   write_col( $row, $column, $array_ref, $format )
       The "write_col()" method can be used to write a 1D or 2D array of data in one go. This is
       useful for converting the results of a database query into an Excel worksheet. You must
       pass a reference to the array of data rather than the array itself. The "write()" method
       is then called for each element of the data. For example:

           @array = ( 'awk', 'gawk', 'mawk' );
           $array_ref = \@array;

           $worksheet->write_col( 0, 0, $array_ref );

           # The above example is equivalent to:
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, $array[0] );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 0, $array[1] );
           $worksheet->write( 2, 0, $array[2] );

       As with all of the write methods the $format parameter is optional. If a format is
       specified it is applied to all the elements of the data array.

       Array references within the data will be treated as rows. This allows you to write 2D
       arrays of data in one go. For example:

           @eec =  (
                       ['maggie', 'milly', 'molly', 'may'  ],
                       [13,       14,      15,      16     ],
                       ['shell',  'star',  'crab',  'stone']
                   );

           $worksheet->write_col( 'A1', \@eec );

       Would produce a worksheet as follows:

            -----------------------------------------------------------
           |   |    A    |    B    |    C    |    D    |    E    | ...
            -----------------------------------------------------------
           | 1 | maggie  | milly   | molly   | may     |  ...    | ...
           | 2 | 13      | 14      | 15      | 16      |  ...    | ...
           | 3 | shell   | star    | crab    | stone   |  ...    | ...
           | 4 | ...     | ...     | ...     | ...     |  ...    | ...
           | 5 | ...     | ...     | ...     | ...     |  ...    | ...
           | 6 | ...     | ...     | ...     | ...     |  ...    | ...

       To write the data in a column-row order refer to the "write_row()" method above.

       Any "undef" values in the data will be ignored unless a format is applied to the data, in
       which case a formatted blank cell will be written. In either case the appropriate row or
       column value will still be incremented.

       As noted above the "write()" method can be used as a synonym for "write_row()" and
       "write_row()" handles nested array refs as columns. Therefore, the following two method
       calls are equivalent although the more explicit call to "write_col()" would be preferable
       for maintainability:

           $worksheet->write_col( 'A1', $array_ref     ); # Write a column of data
           $worksheet->write(     'A1', [ $array_ref ] ); # Same thing

       To find out more about array references refer to "perlref" and "perlreftut" in the main
       Perl documentation. To find out more about 2D arrays or "lists of lists" refer to
       "perllol".

       The "write_col()" method returns the first error encountered when writing the elements of
       the data or zero if no errors were encountered. See the return values described for the
       "write()" method above.

       See also the "write_arrays.pl" program in the "examples" directory of the distro.

   write_date_time( $row, $col, $date_string, $format )
       The "write_date_time()" method can be used to write a date or time to the cell specified
       by $row and $column:

           $worksheet->write_date_time( 'A1', '2004-05-13T23:20', $date_format );

       The $date_string should be in the following format:

           yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sss

       This conforms to an ISO8601 date but it should be noted that the full range of ISO8601
       formats are not supported.

       The following variations on the $date_string parameter are permitted:

           yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sss         # Standard format
           yyyy-mm-ddT                     # No time
                     Thh:mm:ss.sss         # No date
           yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sssZ        # Additional Z (but not time zones)
           yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss             # No fractional seconds
           yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm                # No seconds

       Note that the "T" is required in all cases.

       A date should always have a $format, otherwise it will appear as a number, see "DATES AND
       TIME IN EXCEL" and "CELL FORMATTING". Here is a typical example:

           my $date_format = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'mm/dd/yy' );
           $worksheet->write_date_time( 'A1', '2004-05-13T23:20', $date_format );

       Valid dates should be in the range 1900-01-01 to 9999-12-31, for the 1900 epoch and
       1904-01-01 to 9999-12-31, for the 1904 epoch. As with Excel, dates outside these ranges
       will be written as a string.

       See also the date_time.pl program in the "examples" directory of the distro.

   write_url( $row, $col, $url, $format, $label )
       Write a hyperlink to a URL in the cell specified by $row and $column. The hyperlink is
       comprised of two elements: the visible label and the invisible link. The visible label is
       the same as the link unless an alternative label is specified. The $label parameter is
       optional. The label is written using the "write()" method. Therefore it is possible to
       write strings, numbers or formulas as labels.

       The $format parameter is also optional, however, without a format the link won't look like
       a link.

       The suggested format is:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format( color => 'blue', underline => 1 );

       Note, this behaviour is different from Spreadsheet::WriteExcel which provides a default
       hyperlink format if one isn't specified by the user.

       There are four web style URI's supported: "http://", "https://", "ftp://" and "mailto:":

           $worksheet->write_url( 0, 0, 'ftp://www.perl.org/',       $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A3', 'http://www.perl.com/',      $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A4', 'mailto:jmcnamara@cpan.org', $format );

       You can display an alternative string using the $label parameter:

           $worksheet->write_url( 1, 0, 'http://www.perl.com/', $format, 'Perl' );

       If you wish to have some other cell data such as a number or a formula you can overwrite
       the cell using another call to "write_*()":

           $worksheet->write_url( 'A1', 'http://www.perl.com/' );

           # Overwrite the URL string with a formula. The cell is still a link.
           $worksheet->write_formula( 'A1', '=1+1', $format );

       There are two local URIs supported: "internal:" and "external:". These are used for
       hyperlinks to internal worksheet references or external workbook and worksheet references:

           $worksheet->write_url( 'A6',  'internal:Sheet2!A1',              $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A7',  'internal:Sheet2!A1',              $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A8',  'internal:Sheet2!A1:B2',           $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A9',  q{internal:'Sales Data'!A1},       $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A10', 'external:c:\temp\foo.xlsx',       $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A11', 'external:c:\foo.xlsx#Sheet2!A1',  $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A12', 'external:..\foo.xlsx',            $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A13', 'external:..\foo.xlsx#Sheet2!A1',  $format );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A13', 'external:\\\\NET\share\foo.xlsx', $format );

       All of the these URI types are recognised by the "write()" method, see above.

       Worksheet references are typically of the form "Sheet1!A1". You can also refer to a
       worksheet range using the standard Excel notation: "Sheet1!A1:B2".

       In external links the workbook and worksheet name must be separated by the "#" character:
       "external:Workbook.xlsx#Sheet1!A1'".

       You can also link to a named range in the target worksheet. For example say you have a
       named range called "my_name" in the workbook "c:\temp\foo.xlsx" you could link to it as
       follows:

           $worksheet->write_url( 'A14', 'external:c:\temp\foo.xlsx#my_name' );

       Excel requires that worksheet names containing spaces or non alphanumeric characters are
       single quoted as follows "'Sales Data'!A1". If you need to do this in a single quoted
       string then you can either escape the single quotes "\'" or use the quote operator "q{}"
       as described in "perlop" in the main Perl documentation.

       Links to network files are also supported. MS/Novell Network files normally begin with two
       back slashes as follows "\\NETWORK\etc". In order to generate this in a single or double
       quoted string you will have to escape the backslashes,  '\\\\NETWORK\etc'.

       If you are using double quote strings then you should be careful to escape anything that
       looks like a metacharacter. For more information see "perlfaq5: Why can't I use
       "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths?".

       Finally, you can avoid most of these quoting problems by using forward slashes. These are
       translated internally to backslashes:

           $worksheet->write_url( 'A14', "external:c:/temp/foo.xlsx" );
           $worksheet->write_url( 'A15', 'external://NETWORK/share/foo.xlsx' );

       Note: Excel::Writer::XLSX will escape the following characters in URLs as required by
       Excel: "\s " < > \ [  ] ` ^ { }" unless the URL already contains %xx style escapes. In
       which case it is assumed that the URL was escaped correctly by the user and will by passed
       directly to Excel.

       See also, the note about "Cell notation".

   write_formula( $row, $column, $formula, $format, $value )
       Write a formula or function to the cell specified by $row and $column:

           $worksheet->write_formula( 0, 0, '=$B$3 + B4' );
           $worksheet->write_formula( 1, 0, '=SIN(PI()/4)' );
           $worksheet->write_formula( 2, 0, '=SUM(B1:B5)' );
           $worksheet->write_formula( 'A4', '=IF(A3>1,"Yes", "No")' );
           $worksheet->write_formula( 'A5', '=AVERAGE(1, 2, 3, 4)' );
           $worksheet->write_formula( 'A6', '=DATEVALUE("1-Jan-2001")' );

       Array formulas are also supported:

           $worksheet->write_formula( 'A7', '{=SUM(A1:B1*A2:B2)}' );

       See also the "write_array_formula()" method below.

       See the note about "Cell notation". For more information about writing Excel formulas see
       "FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS IN EXCEL"

       If required, it is also possible to specify the calculated value of the formula. This is
       occasionally necessary when working with non-Excel applications that don't calculate the
       value of the formula. The calculated $value is added at the end of the argument list:

           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '=2+2', $format, 4 );

       However, this probably isn't something that you will ever need to do. If you do use this
       feature then do so with care.

   write_array_formula($first_row, $first_col, $last_row, $last_col, $formula, $format, $value)
       Write an array formula to a cell range. In Excel an array formula is a formula that
       performs a calculation on a set of values. It can return a single value or a range of
       values.

       An array formula is indicated by a pair of braces around the formula:
       "{=SUM(A1:B1*A2:B2)}".  If the array formula returns a single value then the $first_ and
       $last_ parameters should be the same:

           $worksheet->write_array_formula('A1:A1', '{=SUM(B1:C1*B2:C2)}');

       It this case however it is easier to just use the "write_formula()" or "write()" methods:

           # Same as above but more concise.
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '{=SUM(B1:C1*B2:C2)}' );
           $worksheet->write_formula( 'A1', '{=SUM(B1:C1*B2:C2)}' );

       For array formulas that return a range of values you must specify the range that the
       return values will be written to:

           $worksheet->write_array_formula( 'A1:A3',    '{=TREND(C1:C3,B1:B3)}' );
           $worksheet->write_array_formula( 0, 0, 2, 0, '{=TREND(C1:C3,B1:B3)}' );

       If required, it is also possible to specify the calculated value of the formula. This is
       occasionally necessary when working with non-Excel applications that don't calculate the
       value of the formula. The calculated $value is added at the end of the argument list:

           $worksheet->write_array_formula( 'A1:A3', '{=TREND(C1:C3,B1:B3)}', $format, 105 );

       In addition, some early versions of Excel 2007 don't calculate the values of array
       formulas when they aren't supplied. Installing the latest Office Service Pack should fix
       this issue.

       See also the "array_formula.pl" program in the "examples" directory of the distro.

       Note: Array formulas are not supported by Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.

   store_formula( $formula )
       Deprecated. This is a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel method that is no longer required by
       Excel::Writer::XLSX. See below.

   repeat_formula( $row, $col, $formula, $format )
       Deprecated. This is a Spreadsheet::WriteExcel method that is no longer required by
       Excel::Writer::XLSX.

       In Spreadsheet::WriteExcel it was computationally expensive to write formulas since they
       were parsed by a recursive descent parser. The "store_formula()" and "repeat_formula()"
       methods were used as a way of avoiding the overhead of repeated formulas by reusing a pre-
       parsed formula.

       In Excel::Writer::XLSX this is no longer necessary since it is just as quick to write a
       formula as it is to write a string or a number.

       The methods remain for backward compatibility but new Excel::Writer::XLSX programs
       shouldn't use them.

   write_comment( $row, $column, $string, ... )
       The "write_comment()" method is used to add a comment to a cell. A cell comment is
       indicated in Excel by a small red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of the cell.
       Moving the cursor over the red triangle will reveal the comment.

       The following example shows how to add a comment to a cell:

           $worksheet->write        ( 2, 2, 'Hello' );
           $worksheet->write_comment( 2, 2, 'This is a comment.' );

       As usual you can replace the $row and $column parameters with an "A1" cell reference. See
       the note about "Cell notation".

           $worksheet->write        ( 'C3', 'Hello');
           $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'This is a comment.' );

       The "write_comment()" method will also handle strings in "UTF-8" format.

           $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', "\x{263a}" );       # Smiley
           $worksheet->write_comment( 'C4', 'Comment ca va?' );

       In addition to the basic 3 argument form of "write_comment()" you can pass in several
       optional key/value pairs to control the format of the comment. For example:

           $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', visible => 1, author => 'Perl' );

       Most of these options are quite specific and in general the default comment behaviour will
       be all that you need. However, should you need greater control over the format of the cell
       comment the following options are available:

           author
           visible
           x_scale
           width
           y_scale
           height
           color
           start_cell
           start_row
           start_col
           x_offset
           y_offset

       Option: author
           This option is used to indicate who is the author of the cell comment. Excel displays
           the author of the comment in the status bar at the bottom of the worksheet. This is
           usually of interest in corporate environments where several people might review and
           provide comments to a workbook.

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Atonement', author => 'Ian McEwan' );

           The default author for all cell comments can be set using the "set_comments_author()"
           method (see below).

               $worksheet->set_comments_author( 'Perl' );

       Option: visible
           This option is used to make a cell comment visible when the worksheet is opened. The
           default behaviour in Excel is that comments are initially hidden. However, it is also
           possible in Excel to make individual or all comments visible. In Excel::Writer::XLSX
           individual comments can be made visible as follows:

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', visible => 1 );

           It is possible to make all comments in a worksheet visible using the "show_comments()"
           worksheet method (see below). Alternatively, if all of the cell comments have been
           made visible you can hide individual comments:

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', visible => 0 );

       Option: x_scale
           This option is used to set the width of the cell comment box as a factor of the
           default width.

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', x_scale => 2 );
               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C4', 'Hello', x_scale => 4.2 );

       Option: width
           This option is used to set the width of the cell comment box explicitly in pixels.

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', width => 200 );

       Option: y_scale
           This option is used to set the height of the cell comment box as a factor of the
           default height.

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', y_scale => 2 );
               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C4', 'Hello', y_scale => 4.2 );

       Option: height
           This option is used to set the height of the cell comment box explicitly in pixels.

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', height => 200 );

       Option: color
           This option is used to set the background colour of cell comment box. You can use one
           of the named colours recognised by Excel::Writer::XLSX or a colour index. See "COLOURS
           IN EXCEL".

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', color => 'green' );
               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C4', 'Hello', color => 0x35 );      # Orange

       Option: start_cell
           This option is used to set the cell in which the comment will appear. By default Excel
           displays comments one cell to the right and one cell above the cell to which the
           comment relates. However, you can change this behaviour if you wish. In the following
           example the comment which would appear by default in cell "D2" is moved to "E2".

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', start_cell => 'E2' );

       Option: start_row
           This option is used to set the row in which the comment will appear. See the
           "start_cell" option above. The row is zero indexed.

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', start_row => 0 );

       Option: start_col
           This option is used to set the column in which the comment will appear. See the
           "start_cell" option above. The column is zero indexed.

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', start_col => 4 );

       Option: x_offset
           This option is used to change the x offset, in pixels, of a comment within a cell:

               $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', $comment, x_offset => 30 );

       Option: y_offset
           This option is used to change the y offset, in pixels, of a comment within a cell:

               $worksheet->write_comment('C3', $comment, x_offset => 30);

       You can apply as many of these options as you require.

       Note about using options that adjust the position of the cell comment such as start_cell,
       start_row, start_col, x_offset and y_offset: Excel only displays offset cell comments when
       they are displayed as "visible". Excel does not display hidden cells as moved when you
       mouse over them.

       Note about row height and comments. If you specify the height of a row that contains a
       comment then Excel::Writer::XLSX will adjust the height of the comment to maintain the
       default or user specified dimensions. However, the height of a row can also be adjusted
       automatically by Excel if the text wrap property is set or large fonts are used in the
       cell. This means that the height of the row is unknown to the module at run time and thus
       the comment box is stretched with the row. Use the "set_row()" method to specify the row
       height explicitly and avoid this problem.

   show_comments()
       This method is used to make all cell comments visible when a worksheet is opened.

           $worksheet->show_comments();

       Individual comments can be made visible using the "visible" parameter of the
       "write_comment" method (see above):

           $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', visible => 1 );

       If all of the cell comments have been made visible you can hide individual comments as
       follows:

           $worksheet->show_comments();
           $worksheet->write_comment( 'C3', 'Hello', visible => 0 );

   set_comments_author()
       This method is used to set the default author of all cell comments.

           $worksheet->set_comments_author( 'Perl' );

       Individual comment authors can be set using the "author" parameter of the "write_comment"
       method (see above).

       The default comment author is an empty string, '', if no author is specified.

   add_write_handler( $re, $code_ref )
       This method is used to extend the Excel::Writer::XLSX write() method to handle user
       defined data.

       If you refer to the section on "write()" above you will see that it acts as an alias for
       several more specific "write_*" methods. However, it doesn't always act in exactly the way
       that you would like it to.

       One solution is to filter the input data yourself and call the appropriate "write_*"
       method. Another approach is to use the "add_write_handler()" method to add your own
       automated behaviour to "write()".

       The "add_write_handler()" method take two arguments, $re, a regular expression to match
       incoming data and $code_ref a callback function to handle the matched data:

           $worksheet->add_write_handler( qr/^\d\d\d\d$/, \&my_write );

       (In the these examples the "qr" operator is used to quote the regular expression strings,
       see perlop for more details).

       The method is used as follows. say you wished to write 7 digit ID numbers as a string so
       that any leading zeros were preserved*, you could do something like the following:

           $worksheet->add_write_handler( qr/^\d{7}$/, \&write_my_id );

           sub write_my_id {
               my $worksheet = shift;
               return $worksheet->write_string( @_ );
           }

       * You could also use the "keep_leading_zeros()" method for this.

       Then if you call "write()" with an appropriate string it will be handled automatically:

           # Writes 0000000. It would normally be written as a number; 0.
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '0000000' );

       The callback function will receive a reference to the calling worksheet and all of the
       other arguments that were passed to "write()". The callback will see an @_ argument list
       that looks like the following:

           $_[0]   A ref to the calling worksheet. *
           $_[1]   Zero based row number.
           $_[2]   Zero based column number.
           $_[3]   A number or string or token.
           $_[4]   A format ref if any.
           $_[5]   Any other arguments.
           ...

           *  It is good style to shift this off the list so the @_ is the same
              as the argument list seen by write().

       Your callback should "return()" the return value of the "write_*" method that was called
       or "undef" to indicate that you rejected the match and want "write()" to continue as
       normal.

       So for example if you wished to apply the previous filter only to ID values that occur in
       the first column you could modify your callback function as follows:

           sub write_my_id {
               my $worksheet = shift;
               my $col       = $_[1];

               if ( $col == 0 ) {
                   return $worksheet->write_string( @_ );
               }
               else {
                   # Reject the match and return control to write()
                   return undef;
               }
           }

       Now, you will get different behaviour for the first column and other columns:

           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '0000000' );    # Writes 0000000
           $worksheet->write( 'B1', '0000000' );    # Writes 0

       You may add more than one handler in which case they will be called in the order that they
       were added.

       Note, the "add_write_handler()" method is particularly suited for handling dates.

       See the "write_handler 1-4" programs in the "examples" directory for further examples.

   insert_image( $row, $col, $filename, $x, $y, $x_scale, $y_scale )
       This method can be used to insert a image into a worksheet. The image can be in PNG, JPEG
       or BMP format. The $x, $y, $x_scale and $y_scale parameters are optional.

           $worksheet1->insert_image( 'A1', 'perl.bmp' );
           $worksheet2->insert_image( 'A1', '../images/perl.bmp' );
           $worksheet3->insert_image( 'A1', '.c:\images\perl.bmp' );

       The parameters $x and $y can be used to specify an offset from the top left hand corner of
       the cell specified by $row and $col. The offset values are in pixels.

           $worksheet1->insert_image('A1', 'perl.bmp', 32, 10);

       The offsets can be greater than the width or height of the underlying cell. This can be
       occasionally useful if you wish to align two or more images relative to the same cell.

       The parameters $x_scale and $y_scale can be used to scale the inserted image horizontally
       and vertically:

           # Scale the inserted image: width x 2.0, height x 0.8
           $worksheet->insert_image( 'A1', 'perl.bmp', 0, 0, 2, 0.8 );

       Note: you must call "set_row()" or "set_column()" before "insert_image()" if you wish to
       change the default dimensions of any of the rows or columns that the image occupies. The
       height of a row can also change if you use a font that is larger than the default. This in
       turn will affect the scaling of your image. To avoid this you should explicitly set the
       height of the row using "set_row()" if it contains a font size that will change the row
       height.

       BMP images must be 24 bit, true colour, bitmaps. In general it is best to avoid BMP images
       since they aren't compressed.

   insert_chart( $row, $col, $chart, $x, $y, $x_scale, $y_scale )
       This method can be used to insert a Chart object into a worksheet. The Chart must be
       created by the "add_chart()" Workbook method and it must have the "embedded" option set.

           my $chart = $workbook->add_chart( type => 'line', embedded => 1 );

           # Configure the chart.
           ...

           # Insert the chart into the a worksheet.
           $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart );

       See "add_chart()" for details on how to create the Chart object and
       Excel::Writer::XLSX::Chart for details on how to configure it. See also the "chart_*.pl"
       programs in the examples directory of the distro.

       The $x, $y, $x_scale and $y_scale parameters are optional.

       The parameters $x and $y can be used to specify an offset from the top left hand corner of
       the cell specified by $row and $col. The offset values are in pixels.

           $worksheet1->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart, 3, 3 );

       The parameters $x_scale and $y_scale can be used to scale the inserted chart horizontally
       and vertically:

           # Scale the width by 120% and the height by 150%
           $worksheet->insert_chart( 'E2', $chart, 0, 0, 1.2, 1.5 );

   insert_shape( $row, $col, $shape, $x, $y, $x_scale, $y_scale )
       This method can be used to insert a Shape object into a worksheet. The Shape must be
       created by the "add_shape()" Workbook method.

           my $shape = $workbook->add_shape( name => 'My Shape', type => 'plus' );

           # Configure the shape.
           $shape->set_text('foo');
           ...

           # Insert the shape into the a worksheet.
           $worksheet->insert_shape( 'E2', $shape );

       See "add_shape()" for details on how to create the Shape object and
       Excel::Writer::XLSX::Shape for details on how to configure it.

       The $x, $y, $x_scale and $y_scale parameters are optional.

       The parameters $x and $y can be used to specify an offset from the top left hand corner of
       the cell specified by $row and $col. The offset values are in pixels.

           $worksheet1->insert_shape( 'E2', $chart, 3, 3 );

       The parameters $x_scale and $y_scale can be used to scale the inserted shape horizontally
       and vertically:

           # Scale the width by 120% and the height by 150%
           $worksheet->insert_shape( 'E2', $shape, 0, 0, 1.2, 1.5 );

       See also the "shape*.pl" programs in the examples directory of the distro.

   insert_button( $row, $col, { %properties })
       The "insert_button()" method can be used to insert an Excel form button into a worksheet.

       This method is generally only useful when used in conjunction with the Workbook
       "add_vba_project()" method to tie the button to a macro from an embedded VBA project:

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'file.xlsm' );
           ...
           $workbook->add_vba_project( './vbaProject.bin' );

           $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro' } );

       The properties of the button that can be set are:

           macro
           caption
           width
           height
           x_scale
           y_scale
           x_offset
           y_offset

       Option: macro
           This option is used to set the macro that the button will invoke when the user clicks
           on it. The macro should be included using the Workbook "add_vba_project()" method
           shown above.

               $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro' } );

           The default macro is "ButtonX_Click" where X is the button number.

       Option: caption
           This option is used to set the caption on the button. The default is "Button X" where
           X is the button number.

               $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro', caption => 'Hello' } );

       Option: width
           This option is used to set the width of the button in pixels.

               $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro', width => 128 } );

           The default button width is 64 pixels which is the width of a default cell.

       Option: height
           This option is used to set the height of the button in pixels.

               $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro', height => 40 } );

           The default button height is 20 pixels which is the height of a default cell.

       Option: x_scale
           This option is used to set the width of the button as a factor of the default width.

               $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro', x_scale => 2.0 );

       Option: y_scale
           This option is used to set the height of the button as a factor of the default height.

               $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro', y_scale => 2.0 );

       Option: x_offset
           This option is used to change the x offset, in pixels, of a button within a cell:

               $worksheet->insert_button( 'C2', { macro => 'my_macro', x_offset => 2 );

       Option: y_offset
           This option is used to change the y offset, in pixels, of a comment within a cell.

       Note: Button is the only Excel form element that is available in Excel::Writer::XLSX. Form
       elements represent a lot of work to implement and the underlying VML syntax isn't very
       much fun.

   data_validation()
       The "data_validation()" method is used to construct an Excel data validation or to limit
       the user input to a dropdown list of values.

           $worksheet->data_validation('B3',
               {
                   validate => 'integer',
                   criteria => '>',
                   value    => 100,
               });

           $worksheet->data_validation('B5:B9',
               {
                   validate => 'list',
                   value    => ['open', 'high', 'close'],
               });

       This method contains a lot of parameters and is described in detail in a separate section
       "DATA VALIDATION IN EXCEL".

       See also the "data_validate.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro

   conditional_formatting()
       The "conditional_formatting()" method is used to add formatting to a cell or range of
       cells based on user defined criteria.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:J10',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => '>=',
                   value    => 50,
                   format   => $format1,
               }
           );

       This method contains a lot of parameters and is described in detail in a separate section
       "CONDITIONAL FORMATTING IN EXCEL".

       See also the "conditional_format.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro

   add_sparkline()
       The "add_sparkline()" worksheet method is used to add sparklines to a cell or a range of
       cells.

           $worksheet->add_sparkline(
               {
                   location => 'F2',
                   range    => 'Sheet1!A2:E2',
                   type     => 'column',
                   style    => 12,
               }
           );

       This method contains a lot of parameters and is described in detail in a separate section
       "SPARKLINES IN EXCEL".

       See also the "sparklines1.pl" and "sparklines2.pl" example programs in the "examples"
       directory of the distro.

       Note: Sparklines are a feature of Excel 2010+ only. You can write them to an XLSX file
       that can be read by Excel 2007 but they won't be displayed.

   add_table()
       The "add_table()" method is used to group a range of cells into an Excel Table.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { ... } );

       This method contains a lot of parameters and is described in detail in a separate section
       "TABLES IN EXCEL".

       See also the "tables.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro

   get_name()
       The "get_name()" method is used to retrieve the name of a worksheet. For example:

           for my $sheet ( $workbook->sheets() ) {
               print $sheet->get_name();
           }

       For reasons related to the design of Excel::Writer::XLSX and to the internals of Excel
       there is no "set_name()" method. The only way to set the worksheet name is via the
       "add_worksheet()" method.

   activate()
       The "activate()" method is used to specify which worksheet is initially visible in a
       multi-sheet workbook:

           $worksheet1 = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'To' );
           $worksheet2 = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'the' );
           $worksheet3 = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'wind' );

           $worksheet3->activate();

       This is similar to the Excel VBA activate method. More than one worksheet can be selected
       via the "select()" method, see below, however only one worksheet can be active.

       The default active worksheet is the first worksheet.

   select()
       The "select()" method is used to indicate that a worksheet is selected in a multi-sheet
       workbook:

           $worksheet1->activate();
           $worksheet2->select();
           $worksheet3->select();

       A selected worksheet has its tab highlighted. Selecting worksheets is a way of grouping
       them together so that, for example, several worksheets could be printed in one go. A
       worksheet that has been activated via the "activate()" method will also appear as
       selected.

   hide()
       The "hide()" method is used to hide a worksheet:

           $worksheet2->hide();

       You may wish to hide a worksheet in order to avoid confusing a user with intermediate data
       or calculations.

       A hidden worksheet can not be activated or selected so this method is mutually exclusive
       with the "activate()" and "select()" methods. In addition, since the first worksheet will
       default to being the active worksheet, you cannot hide the first worksheet without
       activating another sheet:

           $worksheet2->activate();
           $worksheet1->hide();

   set_first_sheet()
       The "activate()" method determines which worksheet is initially selected. However, if
       there are a large number of worksheets the selected worksheet may not appear on the
       screen. To avoid this you can select which is the leftmost visible worksheet using
       "set_first_sheet()":

           for ( 1 .. 20 ) {
               $workbook->add_worksheet;
           }

           $worksheet21 = $workbook->add_worksheet();
           $worksheet22 = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           $worksheet21->set_first_sheet();
           $worksheet22->activate();

       This method is not required very often. The default value is the first worksheet.

   protect( $password, \%options )
       The "protect()" method is used to protect a worksheet from modification:

           $worksheet->protect();

       The "protect()" method also has the effect of enabling a cell's "locked" and "hidden"
       properties if they have been set. A locked cell cannot be edited and this property is on
       by default for all cells. A hidden cell will display the results of a formula but not the
       formula itself.

       See the "protection.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro for an
       illustrative example and the "set_locked" and "set_hidden" format methods in "CELL
       FORMATTING".

       You can optionally add a password to the worksheet protection:

           $worksheet->protect( 'drowssap' );

       Passing the empty string '' is the same as turning on protection without a password.

       Note, the worksheet level password in Excel provides very weak protection. It does not
       encrypt your data and is very easy to deactivate. Full workbook encryption is not
       supported by "Excel::Writer::XLSX" since it requires a completely different file format
       and would take several man months to implement.

       You can specify which worksheet elements you wish to protect by passing a hash_ref with
       any or all of the following keys:

           # Default shown.
           %options = (
               objects               => 0,
               scenarios             => 0,
               format_cells          => 0,
               format_columns        => 0,
               format_rows           => 0,
               insert_columns        => 0,
               insert_rows           => 0,
               insert_hyperlinks     => 0,
               delete_columns        => 0,
               delete_rows           => 0,
               select_locked_cells   => 1,
               sort                  => 0,
               autofilter            => 0,
               pivot_tables          => 0,
               select_unlocked_cells => 1,
           );

       The default boolean values are shown above. Individual elements can be protected as
       follows:

           $worksheet->protect( 'drowssap', { insert_rows => 1 } );

   set_selection( $first_row, $first_col, $last_row, $last_col )
       This method can be used to specify which cell or cells are selected in a worksheet. The
       most common requirement is to select a single cell, in which case $last_row and $last_col
       can be omitted. The active cell within a selected range is determined by the order in
       which $first and $last are specified. It is also possible to specify a cell or a range
       using A1 notation. See the note about "Cell notation".

       Examples:

           $worksheet1->set_selection( 3, 3 );          # 1. Cell D4.
           $worksheet2->set_selection( 3, 3, 6, 6 );    # 2. Cells D4 to G7.
           $worksheet3->set_selection( 6, 6, 3, 3 );    # 3. Cells G7 to D4.
           $worksheet4->set_selection( 'D4' );          # Same as 1.
           $worksheet5->set_selection( 'D4:G7' );       # Same as 2.
           $worksheet6->set_selection( 'G7:D4' );       # Same as 3.

       The default cell selections is (0, 0), 'A1'.

   set_row( $row, $height, $format, $hidden, $level, $collapsed )
       This method can be used to change the default properties of a row. All parameters apart
       from $row are optional.

       The most common use for this method is to change the height of a row:

           $worksheet->set_row( 0, 20 );    # Row 1 height set to 20

       If you wish to set the format without changing the height you can pass "undef" as the
       height parameter:

           $worksheet->set_row( 0, undef, $format );

       The $format parameter will be applied to any cells in the row that don't have a format.
       For example

           $worksheet->set_row( 0, undef, $format1 );    # Set the format for row 1
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', 'Hello' );           # Defaults to $format1
           $worksheet->write( 'B1', 'Hello', $format2 ); # Keeps $format2

       If you wish to define a row format in this way you should call the method before any calls
       to "write()". Calling it afterwards will overwrite any format that was previously
       specified.

       The $hidden parameter should be set to 1 if you wish to hide a row. This can be used, for
       example, to hide intermediary steps in a complicated calculation:

           $worksheet->set_row( 0, 20,    $format, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_row( 1, undef, undef,   1 );

       The $level parameter is used to set the outline level of the row. Outlines are described
       in "OUTLINES AND GROUPING IN EXCEL". Adjacent rows with the same outline level are grouped
       together into a single outline.

       The following example sets an outline level of 1 for rows 1 and 2 (zero-indexed):

           $worksheet->set_row( 1, undef, undef, 0, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_row( 2, undef, undef, 0, 1 );

       The $hidden parameter can also be used to hide collapsed outlined rows when used in
       conjunction with the $level parameter.

           $worksheet->set_row( 1, undef, undef, 1, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_row( 2, undef, undef, 1, 1 );

       For collapsed outlines you should also indicate which row has the collapsed "+" symbol
       using the optional $collapsed parameter.

           $worksheet->set_row( 3, undef, undef, 0, 0, 1 );

       For a more complete example see the "outline.pl" and "outline_collapsed.pl" programs in
       the examples directory of the distro.

       Excel allows up to 7 outline levels. Therefore the $level parameter should be in the range
       "0 <= $level <= 7".

   set_column( $first_col, $last_col, $width, $format, $hidden, $level, $collapsed )
       This method can be used to change the default properties of a single column or a range of
       columns. All parameters apart from $first_col and $last_col are optional.

       If "set_column()" is applied to a single column the value of $first_col and $last_col
       should be the same. In the case where $last_col is zero it is set to the same value as
       $first_col.

       It is also possible, and generally clearer, to specify a column range using the form of A1
       notation used for columns. See the note about "Cell notation".

       Examples:

           $worksheet->set_column( 0, 0, 20 );    # Column  A   width set to 20
           $worksheet->set_column( 1, 3, 30 );    # Columns B-D width set to 30
           $worksheet->set_column( 'E:E', 20 );   # Column  E   width set to 20
           $worksheet->set_column( 'F:H', 30 );   # Columns F-H width set to 30

       The width corresponds to the column width value that is specified in Excel. It is
       approximately equal to the length of a string in the default font of Calibri 11.
       Unfortunately, there is no way to specify "AutoFit" for a column in the Excel file format.
       This feature is only available at runtime from within Excel.

       As usual the $format parameter is optional, for additional information, see "CELL
       FORMATTING". If you wish to set the format without changing the width you can pass "undef"
       as the width parameter:

           $worksheet->set_column( 0, 0, undef, $format );

       The $format parameter will be applied to any cells in the column that don't have a format.
       For example

           $worksheet->set_column( 'A:A', undef, $format1 );    # Set format for col 1
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', 'Hello' );                  # Defaults to $format1
           $worksheet->write( 'A2', 'Hello', $format2 );        # Keeps $format2

       If you wish to define a column format in this way you should call the method before any
       calls to "write()". If you call it afterwards it won't have any effect.

       A default row format takes precedence over a default column format

           $worksheet->set_row( 0, undef, $format1 );           # Set format for row 1
           $worksheet->set_column( 'A:A', undef, $format2 );    # Set format for col 1
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', 'Hello' );                  # Defaults to $format1
           $worksheet->write( 'A2', 'Hello' );                  # Defaults to $format2

       The $hidden parameter should be set to 1 if you wish to hide a column. This can be used,
       for example, to hide intermediary steps in a complicated calculation:

           $worksheet->set_column( 'D:D', 20,    $format, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_column( 'E:E', undef, undef,   1 );

       The $level parameter is used to set the outline level of the column. Outlines are
       described in "OUTLINES AND GROUPING IN EXCEL". Adjacent columns with the same outline
       level are grouped together into a single outline.

       The following example sets an outline level of 1 for columns B to G:

           $worksheet->set_column( 'B:G', undef, undef, 0, 1 );

       The $hidden parameter can also be used to hide collapsed outlined columns when used in
       conjunction with the $level parameter.

           $worksheet->set_column( 'B:G', undef, undef, 1, 1 );

       For collapsed outlines you should also indicate which row has the collapsed "+" symbol
       using the optional $collapsed parameter.

           $worksheet->set_column( 'H:H', undef, undef, 0, 0, 1 );

       For a more complete example see the "outline.pl" and "outline_collapsed.pl" programs in
       the examples directory of the distro.

       Excel allows up to 7 outline levels. Therefore the $level parameter should be in the range
       "0 <= $level <= 7".

   set_default_row( $height, $hide_unused_rows )
       The "set_default_row()" method is used to set the limited number of default row properties
       allowed by Excel. These are the default height and the option to hide unused rows.

           $worksheet->set_default_row( 24 );  # Set the default row height to 24.

       The option to hide unused rows is used by Excel as an optimisation so that the user can
       hide a large number of rows without generating a very large file with an entry for each
       hidden row.

           $worksheet->set_default_row( undef, 1 );

       See the "hide_row_col.pl" example program.

   outline_settings( $visible, $symbols_below, $symbols_right, $auto_style )
       The "outline_settings()" method is used to control the appearance of outlines in Excel.
       Outlines are described in "OUTLINES AND GROUPING IN EXCEL".

       The $visible parameter is used to control whether or not outlines are visible. Setting
       this parameter to 0 will cause all outlines on the worksheet to be hidden. They can be
       unhidden in Excel by means of the "Show Outline Symbols" command button. The default
       setting is 1 for visible outlines.

           $worksheet->outline_settings( 0 );

       The $symbols_below parameter is used to control whether the row outline symbol will appear
       above or below the outline level bar. The default setting is 1 for symbols to appear below
       the outline level bar.

       The $symbols_right parameter is used to control whether the column outline symbol will
       appear to the left or the right of the outline level bar. The default setting is 1 for
       symbols to appear to the right of the outline level bar.

       The $auto_style parameter is used to control whether the automatic outline generator in
       Excel uses automatic styles when creating an outline. This has no effect on a file
       generated by "Excel::Writer::XLSX" but it does have an effect on how the worksheet behaves
       after it is created. The default setting is 0 for "Automatic Styles" to be turned off.

       The default settings for all of these parameters correspond to Excel's default parameters.

       The worksheet parameters controlled by "outline_settings()" are rarely used.

   freeze_panes( $row, $col, $top_row, $left_col )
       This method can be used to divide a worksheet into horizontal or vertical regions known as
       panes and to also "freeze" these panes so that the splitter bars are not visible. This is
       the same as the "Window->Freeze Panes" menu command in Excel

       The parameters $row and $col are used to specify the location of the split. It should be
       noted that the split is specified at the top or left of a cell and that the method uses
       zero based indexing. Therefore to freeze the first row of a worksheet it is necessary to
       specify the split at row 2 (which is 1 as the zero-based index). This might lead you to
       think that you are using a 1 based index but this is not the case.

       You can set one of the $row and $col parameters as zero if you do not want either a
       vertical or horizontal split.

       Examples:

           $worksheet->freeze_panes( 1, 0 );    # Freeze the first row
           $worksheet->freeze_panes( 'A2' );    # Same using A1 notation
           $worksheet->freeze_panes( 0, 1 );    # Freeze the first column
           $worksheet->freeze_panes( 'B1' );    # Same using A1 notation
           $worksheet->freeze_panes( 1, 2 );    # Freeze first row and first 2 columns
           $worksheet->freeze_panes( 'C2' );    # Same using A1 notation

       The parameters $top_row and $left_col are optional. They are used to specify the top-most
       or left-most visible row or column in the scrolling region of the panes. For example to
       freeze the first row and to have the scrolling region begin at row twenty:

           $worksheet->freeze_panes( 1, 0, 20, 0 );

       You cannot use A1 notation for the $top_row and $left_col parameters.

       See also the "panes.pl" program in the "examples" directory of the distribution.

   split_panes( $y, $x, $top_row, $left_col )
       This method can be used to divide a worksheet into horizontal or vertical regions known as
       panes. This method is different from the "freeze_panes()" method in that the splits
       between the panes will be visible to the user and each pane will have its own scroll bars.

       The parameters $y and $x are used to specify the vertical and horizontal position of the
       split. The units for $y and $x are the same as those used by Excel to specify row height
       and column width. However, the vertical and horizontal units are different from each
       other. Therefore you must specify the $y and $x parameters in terms of the row heights and
       column widths that you have set or the default values which are 15 for a row and 8.43 for
       a column.

       You can set one of the $y and $x parameters as zero if you do not want either a vertical
       or horizontal split. The parameters $top_row and $left_col are optional. They are used to
       specify the top-most or left-most visible row or column in the bottom-right pane.

       Example:

           $worksheet->split_panes( 15, 0,   );    # First row
           $worksheet->split_panes( 0,  8.43 );    # First column
           $worksheet->split_panes( 15, 8.43 );    # First row and column

       You cannot use A1 notation with this method.

       See also the "freeze_panes()" method and the "panes.pl" program in the "examples"
       directory of the distribution.

   merge_range( $first_row, $first_col, $last_row, $last_col, $token, $format )
       The "merge_range()" method allows you to merge cells that contain other types of alignment
       in addition to the merging:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format(
               border => 6,
               valign => 'vcenter',
               align  => 'center',
           );

           $worksheet->merge_range( 'B3:D4', 'Vertical and horizontal', $format );

       "merge_range()" writes its $token argument using the worksheet "write()" method. Therefore
       it will handle numbers, strings, formulas or urls as required. If you need to specify the
       required "write_*()" method use the "merge_range_type()" method, see below.

       The full possibilities of this method are shown in the "merge3.pl" to "merge6.pl" programs
       in the "examples" directory of the distribution.

   merge_range_type( $type, $first_row, $first_col, $last_row, $last_col, ... )
       The "merge_range()" method, see above, uses "write()" to insert the required data into to
       a merged range. However, there may be times where this isn't what you require so as an
       alternative the "merge_range_type ()" method allows you to specify the type of data you
       wish to write. For example:

           $worksheet->merge_range_type( 'number',  'B2:C2', 123,    $format1 );
           $worksheet->merge_range_type( 'string',  'B4:C4', 'foo',  $format2 );
           $worksheet->merge_range_type( 'formula', 'B6:C6', '=1+2', $format3 );

       The $type must be one of the following, which corresponds to a "write_*()" method:

           'number'
           'string'
           'formula'
           'array_formula'
           'blank'
           'rich_string'
           'date_time'
           'url'

       Any arguments after the range should be whatever the appropriate method accepts:

           $worksheet->merge_range_type( 'rich_string', 'B8:C8',
                                         'This is ', $bold, 'bold', $format4 );

       Note, you must always pass a $format object as an argument, even if it is a default
       format.

   set_zoom( $scale )
       Set the worksheet zoom factor in the range "10 <= $scale <= 400":

           $worksheet1->set_zoom( 50 );
           $worksheet2->set_zoom( 75 );
           $worksheet3->set_zoom( 300 );
           $worksheet4->set_zoom( 400 );

       The default zoom factor is 100. You cannot zoom to "Selection" because it is calculated by
       Excel at run-time.

       Note, "set_zoom()" does not affect the scale of the printed page. For that you should use
       "set_print_scale()".

   right_to_left()
       The "right_to_left()" method is used to change the default direction of the worksheet from
       left-to-right, with the A1 cell in the top left, to right-to-left, with the A1 cell in the
       top right.

           $worksheet->right_to_left();

       This is useful when creating Arabic, Hebrew or other near or far eastern worksheets that
       use right-to-left as the default direction.

   hide_zero()
       The "hide_zero()" method is used to hide any zero values that appear in cells.

           $worksheet->hide_zero();

       In Excel this option is found under Tools->Options->View.

   set_tab_color()
       The "set_tab_color()" method is used to change the colour of the worksheet tab. You can
       use one of the standard colour names provided by the Format object or a colour index. See
       "COLOURS IN EXCEL" and the "set_custom_color()" method.

           $worksheet1->set_tab_color( 'red' );
           $worksheet2->set_tab_color( 0x0C );

       See the "tab_colors.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro.

   autofilter( $first_row, $first_col, $last_row, $last_col )
       This method allows an autofilter to be added to a worksheet. An autofilter is a way of
       adding drop down lists to the headers of a 2D range of worksheet data. This allows users
       to filter the data based on simple criteria so that some data is shown and some is hidden.

       To add an autofilter to a worksheet:

           $worksheet->autofilter( 0, 0, 10, 3 );
           $worksheet->autofilter( 'A1:D11' );    # Same as above in A1 notation.

       Filter conditions can be applied using the "filter_column()" or "filter_column_list()"
       method.

       See the "autofilter.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro for a more
       detailed example.

   filter_column( $column, $expression )
       The "filter_column" method can be used to filter columns in a autofilter range based on
       simple conditions.

       NOTE: It isn't sufficient to just specify the filter condition. You must also hide any
       rows that don't match the filter condition. Rows are hidden using the "set_row()"
       "visible" parameter. "Excel::Writer::XLSX" cannot do this automatically since it isn't
       part of the file format. See the "autofilter.pl" program in the examples directory of the
       distro for an example.

       The conditions for the filter are specified using simple expressions:

           $worksheet->filter_column( 'A', 'x > 2000' );
           $worksheet->filter_column( 'B', 'x > 2000 and x < 5000' );

       The $column parameter can either be a zero indexed column number or a string column name.

       The following operators are available:

           Operator        Synonyms
              ==           =   eq  =~
              !=           <>  ne  !=
              >
              <
              >=
              <=

              and          &&
              or           ||

       The operator synonyms are just syntactic sugar to make you more comfortable using the
       expressions. It is important to remember that the expressions will be interpreted by Excel
       and not by perl.

       An expression can comprise a single statement or two statements separated by the "and" and
       "or" operators. For example:

           'x <  2000'
           'x >  2000'
           'x == 2000'
           'x >  2000 and x <  5000'
           'x == 2000 or  x == 5000'

       Filtering of blank or non-blank data can be achieved by using a value of "Blanks" or
       "NonBlanks" in the expression:

           'x == Blanks'
           'x == NonBlanks'

       Excel also allows some simple string matching operations:

           'x =~ b*'   # begins with b
           'x !~ b*'   # doesn't begin with b
           'x =~ *b'   # ends with b
           'x !~ *b'   # doesn't end with b
           'x =~ *b*'  # contains b
           'x !~ *b*'  # doesn't contains b

       You can also use "*" to match any character or number and "?" to match any single
       character or number. No other regular expression quantifier is supported by Excel's
       filters. Excel's regular expression characters can be escaped using "~".

       The placeholder variable "x" in the above examples can be replaced by any simple string.
       The actual placeholder name is ignored internally so the following are all equivalent:

           'x     < 2000'
           'col   < 2000'
           'Price < 2000'

       Also, note that a filter condition can only be applied to a column in a range specified by
       the "autofilter()" Worksheet method.

       See the "autofilter.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro for a more
       detailed example.

       Note Spreadsheet::WriteExcel supports Top 10 style filters. These aren't currently
       supported by Excel::Writer::XLSX but may be added later.

   filter_column_list( $column, @matches )
       Prior to Excel 2007 it was only possible to have either 1 or 2 filter conditions such as
       the ones shown above in the "filter_column" method.

       Excel 2007 introduced a new list style filter where it is possible to specify 1 or more
       'or' style criteria. For example if your column contained data for the first six months
       the initial data would be displayed as all selected as shown on the left. Then if you
       selected 'March', 'April' and 'May' they would be displayed as shown on the right.

           No criteria selected      Some criteria selected.

           [/] (Select all)          [X] (Select all)
           [/] January               [ ] January
           [/] February              [ ] February
           [/] March                 [/] March
           [/] April                 [/] April
           [/] May                   [/] May
           [/] June                  [ ] June

       The "filter_column_list()" method can be used to represent these types of filters:

           $worksheet->filter_column_list( 'A', 'March', 'April', 'May' );

       The $column parameter can either be a zero indexed column number or a string column name.

       One or more criteria can be selected:

           $worksheet->filter_column_list( 0, 'March' );
           $worksheet->filter_column_list( 1, 100, 110, 120, 130 );

       NOTE: It isn't sufficient to just specify the filter condition. You must also hide any
       rows that don't match the filter condition. Rows are hidden using the "set_row()"
       "visible" parameter. "Excel::Writer::XLSX" cannot do this automatically since it isn't
       part of the file format. See the "autofilter.pl" program in the examples directory of the
       distro for an example.

   convert_date_time( $date_string )
       The "convert_date_time()" method is used internally by the "write_date_time()" method to
       convert date strings to a number that represents an Excel date and time.

       It is exposed as a public method for utility purposes.

       The $date_string format is detailed in the "write_date_time()" method.

PAGE SET-UP METHODS

       Page set-up methods affect the way that a worksheet looks when it is printed. They control
       features such as page headers and footers and margins. These methods are really just
       standard worksheet methods. They are documented here in a separate section for the sake of
       clarity.

       The following methods are available for page set-up:

           set_landscape()
           set_portrait()
           set_page_view()
           set_paper()
           center_horizontally()
           center_vertically()
           set_margins()
           set_header()
           set_footer()
           repeat_rows()
           repeat_columns()
           hide_gridlines()
           print_row_col_headers()
           print_area()
           print_across()
           fit_to_pages()
           set_start_page()
           set_print_scale()
           set_h_pagebreaks()
           set_v_pagebreaks()

       A common requirement when working with Excel::Writer::XLSX is to apply the same page set-
       up features to all of the worksheets in a workbook. To do this you can use the "sheets()"
       method of the "workbook" class to access the array of worksheets in a workbook:

           for $worksheet ( $workbook->sheets() ) {
               $worksheet->set_landscape();
           }

   set_landscape()
       This method is used to set the orientation of a worksheet's printed page to landscape:

           $worksheet->set_landscape();    # Landscape mode

   set_portrait()
       This method is used to set the orientation of a worksheet's printed page to portrait. The
       default worksheet orientation is portrait, so you won't generally need to call this
       method.

           $worksheet->set_portrait();    # Portrait mode

   set_page_view()
       This method is used to display the worksheet in "Page View/Layout" mode.

           $worksheet->set_page_view();

   set_paper( $index )
       This method is used to set the paper format for the printed output of a worksheet. The
       following paper styles are available:

           Index   Paper format            Paper size
           =====   ============            ==========
             0     Printer default         -
             1     Letter                  8 1/2 x 11 in
             2     Letter Small            8 1/2 x 11 in
             3     Tabloid                 11 x 17 in
             4     Ledger                  17 x 11 in
             5     Legal                   8 1/2 x 14 in
             6     Statement               5 1/2 x 8 1/2 in
             7     Executive               7 1/4 x 10 1/2 in
             8     A3                      297 x 420 mm
             9     A4                      210 x 297 mm
            10     A4 Small                210 x 297 mm
            11     A5                      148 x 210 mm
            12     B4                      250 x 354 mm
            13     B5                      182 x 257 mm
            14     Folio                   8 1/2 x 13 in
            15     Quarto                  215 x 275 mm
            16     -                       10x14 in
            17     -                       11x17 in
            18     Note                    8 1/2 x 11 in
            19     Envelope  9             3 7/8 x 8 7/8
            20     Envelope 10             4 1/8 x 9 1/2
            21     Envelope 11             4 1/2 x 10 3/8
            22     Envelope 12             4 3/4 x 11
            23     Envelope 14             5 x 11 1/2
            24     C size sheet            -
            25     D size sheet            -
            26     E size sheet            -
            27     Envelope DL             110 x 220 mm
            28     Envelope C3             324 x 458 mm
            29     Envelope C4             229 x 324 mm
            30     Envelope C5             162 x 229 mm
            31     Envelope C6             114 x 162 mm
            32     Envelope C65            114 x 229 mm
            33     Envelope B4             250 x 353 mm
            34     Envelope B5             176 x 250 mm
            35     Envelope B6             176 x 125 mm
            36     Envelope                110 x 230 mm
            37     Monarch                 3.875 x 7.5 in
            38     Envelope                3 5/8 x 6 1/2 in
            39     Fanfold                 14 7/8 x 11 in
            40     German Std Fanfold      8 1/2 x 12 in
            41     German Legal Fanfold    8 1/2 x 13 in

       Note, it is likely that not all of these paper types will be available to the end user
       since it will depend on the paper formats that the user's printer supports. Therefore, it
       is best to stick to standard paper types.

           $worksheet->set_paper( 1 );    # US Letter
           $worksheet->set_paper( 9 );    # A4

       If you do not specify a paper type the worksheet will print using the printer's default
       paper.

   center_horizontally()
       Center the worksheet data horizontally between the margins on the printed page:

           $worksheet->center_horizontally();

   center_vertically()
       Center the worksheet data vertically between the margins on the printed page:

           $worksheet->center_vertically();

   set_margins( $inches )
       There are several methods available for setting the worksheet margins on the printed page:

           set_margins()        # Set all margins to the same value
           set_margins_LR()     # Set left and right margins to the same value
           set_margins_TB()     # Set top and bottom margins to the same value
           set_margin_left();   # Set left margin
           set_margin_right();  # Set right margin
           set_margin_top();    # Set top margin
           set_margin_bottom(); # Set bottom margin

       All of these methods take a distance in inches as a parameter. Note: 1 inch = 25.4mm.
       ";-)" The default left and right margin is 0.7 inch. The default top and bottom margin is
       0.75 inch. Note, these defaults are different from the defaults used in the binary file
       format by Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.

   set_header( $string, $margin )
       Headers and footers are generated using a $string which is a combination of plain text and
       control characters. The $margin parameter is optional.

       The available control character are:

           Control             Category            Description
           =======             ========            ===========
           &L                  Justification       Left
           &C                                      Center
           &R                                      Right

           &P                  Information         Page number
           &N                                      Total number of pages
           &D                                      Date
           &T                                      Time
           &F                                      File name
           &A                                      Worksheet name
           &Z                                      Workbook path

           &fontsize           Font                Font size
           &"font,style"                           Font name and style
           &U                                      Single underline
           &E                                      Double underline
           &S                                      Strikethrough
           &X                                      Superscript
           &Y                                      Subscript

           &&                  Miscellaneous       Literal ampersand &

       Text in headers and footers can be justified (aligned) to the left, center and right by
       prefixing the text with the control characters &L, &C and &R.

       For example (with ASCII art representation of the results):

           $worksheet->set_header('&LHello');

            ---------------------------------------------------------------
           |                                                               |
           | Hello                                                         |
           |                                                               |

           $worksheet->set_header('&CHello');

            ---------------------------------------------------------------
           |                                                               |
           |                          Hello                                |
           |                                                               |

           $worksheet->set_header('&RHello');

            ---------------------------------------------------------------
           |                                                               |
           |                                                         Hello |
           |                                                               |

       For simple text, if you do not specify any justification the text will be centred.
       However, you must prefix the text with &C if you specify a font name or any other
       formatting:

           $worksheet->set_header('Hello');

            ---------------------------------------------------------------
           |                                                               |
           |                          Hello                                |
           |                                                               |

       You can have text in each of the justification regions:

           $worksheet->set_header('&LCiao&CBello&RCielo');

            ---------------------------------------------------------------
           |                                                               |
           | Ciao                     Bello                          Cielo |
           |                                                               |

       The information control characters act as variables that Excel will update as the workbook
       or worksheet changes. Times and dates are in the users default format:

           $worksheet->set_header('&CPage &P of &N');

            ---------------------------------------------------------------
           |                                                               |
           |                        Page 1 of 6                            |
           |                                                               |

           $worksheet->set_header('&CUpdated at &T');

            ---------------------------------------------------------------
           |                                                               |
           |                    Updated at 12:30 PM                        |
           |                                                               |

       You can specify the font size of a section of the text by prefixing it with the control
       character &n where "n" is the font size:

           $worksheet1->set_header( '&C&30Hello Big' );
           $worksheet2->set_header( '&C&10Hello Small' );

       You can specify the font of a section of the text by prefixing it with the control
       sequence "&"font,style"" where "fontname" is a font name such as "Courier New" or "Times
       New Roman" and "style" is one of the standard Windows font descriptions: "Regular",
       "Italic", "Bold" or "Bold Italic":

           $worksheet1->set_header( '&C&"Courier New,Italic"Hello' );
           $worksheet2->set_header( '&C&"Courier New,Bold Italic"Hello' );
           $worksheet3->set_header( '&C&"Times New Roman,Regular"Hello' );

       It is possible to combine all of these features together to create sophisticated headers
       and footers. As an aid to setting up complicated headers and footers you can record a page
       set-up as a macro in Excel and look at the format strings that VBA produces. Remember
       however that VBA uses two double quotes "" to indicate a single double quote. For the last
       example above the equivalent VBA code looks like this:

           .LeftHeader   = ""
           .CenterHeader = "&""Times New Roman,Regular""Hello"
           .RightHeader  = ""

       To include a single literal ampersand "&" in a header or footer you should use a double
       ampersand "&&":

           $worksheet1->set_header('&CCuriouser && Curiouser - Attorneys at Law');

       As stated above the margin parameter is optional. As with the other margins the value
       should be in inches. The default header and footer margin is 0.3 inch. Note, the default
       margin is different from the default used in the binary file format by
       Spreadsheet::WriteExcel. The header and footer margin size can be set as follows:

           $worksheet->set_header( '&CHello', 0.75 );

       The header and footer margins are independent of the top and bottom margins.

       Note, the header or footer string must be less than 255 characters. Strings longer than
       this will not be written and a warning will be generated.

       The "set_header()" method can also handle Unicode strings in "UTF-8" format.

           $worksheet->set_header( "&C\x{263a}" )

       See, also the "headers.pl" program in the "examples" directory of the distribution.

   set_footer( $string, $margin )
       The syntax of the "set_footer()" method is the same as "set_header()",  see above.

   repeat_rows( $first_row, $last_row )
       Set the number of rows to repeat at the top of each printed page.

       For large Excel documents it is often desirable to have the first row or rows of the
       worksheet print out at the top of each page. This can be achieved by using the
       "repeat_rows()" method. The parameters $first_row and $last_row are zero based. The
       $last_row parameter is optional if you only wish to specify one row:

           $worksheet1->repeat_rows( 0 );    # Repeat the first row
           $worksheet2->repeat_rows( 0, 1 ); # Repeat the first two rows

   repeat_columns( $first_col, $last_col )
       Set the columns to repeat at the left hand side of each printed page.

       For large Excel documents it is often desirable to have the first column or columns of the
       worksheet print out at the left hand side of each page. This can be achieved by using the
       "repeat_columns()" method. The parameters $first_column and $last_column are zero based.
       The $last_column parameter is optional if you only wish to specify one column. You can
       also specify the columns using A1 column notation, see the note about "Cell notation".

           $worksheet1->repeat_columns( 0 );        # Repeat the first column
           $worksheet2->repeat_columns( 0, 1 );     # Repeat the first two columns
           $worksheet3->repeat_columns( 'A:A' );    # Repeat the first column
           $worksheet4->repeat_columns( 'A:B' );    # Repeat the first two columns

   hide_gridlines( $option )
       This method is used to hide the gridlines on the screen and printed page. Gridlines are
       the lines that divide the cells on a worksheet. Screen and printed gridlines are turned on
       by default in an Excel worksheet. If you have defined your own cell borders you may wish
       to hide the default gridlines.

           $worksheet->hide_gridlines();

       The following values of $option are valid:

           0 : Don't hide gridlines
           1 : Hide printed gridlines only
           2 : Hide screen and printed gridlines

       If you don't supply an argument or use "undef" the default option is 1, i.e. only the
       printed gridlines are hidden.

   print_row_col_headers()
       Set the option to print the row and column headers on the printed page.

       An Excel worksheet looks something like the following;

            ------------------------------------------
           |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
            ------------------------------------------
           | 1 |       |       |       |       |  ...
           | 2 |       |       |       |       |  ...
           | 3 |       |       |       |       |  ...
           | 4 |       |       |       |       |  ...
           |...|  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...

       The headers are the letters and numbers at the top and the left of the worksheet. Since
       these headers serve mainly as a indication of position on the worksheet they generally do
       not appear on the printed page. If you wish to have them printed you can use the
       "print_row_col_headers()" method :

           $worksheet->print_row_col_headers();

       Do not confuse these headers with page headers as described in the "set_header()" section
       above.

   print_area( $first_row, $first_col, $last_row, $last_col )
       This method is used to specify the area of the worksheet that will be printed. All four
       parameters must be specified. You can also use A1 notation, see the note about "Cell
       notation".

           $worksheet1->print_area( 'A1:H20' );    # Cells A1 to H20
           $worksheet2->print_area( 0, 0, 19, 7 ); # The same
           $worksheet2->print_area( 'A:H' );       # Columns A to H if rows have data

   print_across()
       The "print_across" method is used to change the default print direction. This is referred
       to by Excel as the sheet "page order".

           $worksheet->print_across();

       The default page order is shown below for a worksheet that extends over 4 pages. The order
       is called "down then across":

           [1] [3]
           [2] [4]

       However, by using the "print_across" method the print order will be changed to "across
       then down":

           [1] [2]
           [3] [4]

   fit_to_pages( $width, $height )
       The "fit_to_pages()" method is used to fit the printed area to a specific number of pages
       both vertically and horizontally. If the printed area exceeds the specified number of
       pages it will be scaled down to fit. This guarantees that the printed area will always
       appear on the specified number of pages even if the page size or margins change.

           $worksheet1->fit_to_pages( 1, 1 );    # Fit to 1x1 pages
           $worksheet2->fit_to_pages( 2, 1 );    # Fit to 2x1 pages
           $worksheet3->fit_to_pages( 1, 2 );    # Fit to 1x2 pages

       The print area can be defined using the "print_area()" method as described above.

       A common requirement is to fit the printed output to n pages wide but have the height be
       as long as necessary. To achieve this set the $height to zero:

           $worksheet1->fit_to_pages( 1, 0 );    # 1 page wide and as long as necessary

       Note that although it is valid to use both "fit_to_pages()" and "set_print_scale()" on the
       same worksheet only one of these options can be active at a time. The last method call
       made will set the active option.

       Note that "fit_to_pages()" will override any manual page breaks that are defined in the
       worksheet.

       Note: When using "fit_to_pages()" it may also be required to set the printer paper size
       using "set_paper()" or else Excel will default to "US Letter".

   set_start_page( $start_page )
       The "set_start_page()" method is used to set the number of the starting page when the
       worksheet is printed out. The default value is 1.

           $worksheet->set_start_page( 2 );

   set_print_scale( $scale )
       Set the scale factor of the printed page. Scale factors in the range "10 <= $scale <= 400"
       are valid:

           $worksheet1->set_print_scale( 50 );
           $worksheet2->set_print_scale( 75 );
           $worksheet3->set_print_scale( 300 );
           $worksheet4->set_print_scale( 400 );

       The default scale factor is 100. Note, "set_print_scale()" does not affect the scale of
       the visible page in Excel. For that you should use "set_zoom()".

       Note also that although it is valid to use both "fit_to_pages()" and "set_print_scale()"
       on the same worksheet only one of these options can be active at a time. The last method
       call made will set the active option.

   set_h_pagebreaks( @breaks )
       Add horizontal page breaks to a worksheet. A page break causes all the data that follows
       it to be printed on the next page. Horizontal page breaks act between rows. To create a
       page break between rows 20 and 21 you must specify the break at row 21. However in zero
       index notation this is actually row 20. So you can pretend for a small while that you are
       using 1 index notation:

           $worksheet1->set_h_pagebreaks( 20 );    # Break between row 20 and 21

       The "set_h_pagebreaks()" method will accept a list of page breaks and you can call it more
       than once:

           $worksheet2->set_h_pagebreaks( 20,  40,  60,  80,  100 );    # Add breaks
           $worksheet2->set_h_pagebreaks( 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 );    # Add some more

       Note: If you specify the "fit to page" option via the "fit_to_pages()" method it will
       override all manual page breaks.

       There is a silent limitation of about 1000 horizontal page breaks per worksheet in line
       with an Excel internal limitation.

   set_v_pagebreaks( @breaks )
       Add vertical page breaks to a worksheet. A page break causes all the data that follows it
       to be printed on the next page. Vertical page breaks act between columns. To create a page
       break between columns 20 and 21 you must specify the break at column 21. However in zero
       index notation this is actually column 20. So you can pretend for a small while that you
       are using 1 index notation:

           $worksheet1->set_v_pagebreaks(20); # Break between column 20 and 21

       The "set_v_pagebreaks()" method will accept a list of page breaks and you can call it more
       than once:

           $worksheet2->set_v_pagebreaks( 20,  40,  60,  80,  100 );    # Add breaks
           $worksheet2->set_v_pagebreaks( 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 );    # Add some more

       Note: If you specify the "fit to page" option via the "fit_to_pages()" method it will
       override all manual page breaks.

CELL FORMATTING

       This section describes the methods and properties that are available for formatting cells
       in Excel. The properties of a cell that can be formatted include: fonts, colours,
       patterns, borders, alignment and number formatting.

   Creating and using a Format object
       Cell formatting is defined through a Format object. Format objects are created by calling
       the workbook "add_format()" method as follows:

           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format();            # Set properties later
           my $format2 = $workbook->add_format( %props );    # Set at creation

       The format object holds all the formatting properties that can be applied to a cell, a row
       or a column. The process of setting these properties is discussed in the next section.

       Once a Format object has been constructed and its properties have been set it can be
       passed as an argument to the worksheet "write" methods as follows:

           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'One', $format );
           $worksheet->write_string( 1, 0, 'Two', $format );
           $worksheet->write_number( 2, 0, 3, $format );
           $worksheet->write_blank( 3, 0, $format );

       Formats can also be passed to the worksheet "set_row()" and "set_column()" methods to
       define the default property for a row or column.

           $worksheet->set_row( 0, 15, $format );
           $worksheet->set_column( 0, 0, 15, $format );

   Format methods and Format properties
       The following table shows the Excel format categories, the formatting properties that can
       be applied and the equivalent object method:

           Category   Description       Property        Method Name
           --------   -----------       --------        -----------
           Font       Font type         font            set_font()
                      Font size         size            set_size()
                      Font color        color           set_color()
                      Bold              bold            set_bold()
                      Italic            italic          set_italic()
                      Underline         underline       set_underline()
                      Strikeout         font_strikeout  set_font_strikeout()
                      Super/Subscript   font_script     set_font_script()
                      Outline           font_outline    set_font_outline()
                      Shadow            font_shadow     set_font_shadow()

           Number     Numeric format    num_format      set_num_format()

           Protection Lock cells        locked          set_locked()
                      Hide formulas     hidden          set_hidden()

           Alignment  Horizontal align  align           set_align()
                      Vertical align    valign          set_align()
                      Rotation          rotation        set_rotation()
                      Text wrap         text_wrap       set_text_wrap()
                      Justify last      text_justlast   set_text_justlast()
                      Center across     center_across   set_center_across()
                      Indentation       indent          set_indent()
                      Shrink to fit     shrink          set_shrink()

           Pattern    Cell pattern      pattern         set_pattern()
                      Background color  bg_color        set_bg_color()
                      Foreground color  fg_color        set_fg_color()

           Border     Cell border       border          set_border()
                      Bottom border     bottom          set_bottom()
                      Top border        top             set_top()
                      Left border       left            set_left()
                      Right border      right           set_right()
                      Border color      border_color    set_border_color()
                      Bottom color      bottom_color    set_bottom_color()
                      Top color         top_color       set_top_color()
                      Left color        left_color      set_left_color()
                      Right color       right_color     set_right_color()

       There are two ways of setting Format properties: by using the object method interface or
       by setting the property directly. For example, a typical use of the method interface would
       be as follows:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_bold();
           $format->set_color( 'red' );

       By comparison the properties can be set directly by passing a hash of properties to the
       Format constructor:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1, color => 'red' );

       or after the Format has been constructed by means of the "set_format_properties()" method
       as follows:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_format_properties( bold => 1, color => 'red' );

       You can also store the properties in one or more named hashes and pass them to the
       required method:

           my %font = (
               font  => 'Calibri',
               size  => 12,
               color => 'blue',
               bold  => 1,
           );

           my %shading = (
               bg_color => 'green',
               pattern  => 1,
           );

           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format( %font );            # Font only
           my $format2 = $workbook->add_format( %font, %shading );  # Font and shading

       The provision of two ways of setting properties might lead you to wonder which is the best
       way. The method mechanism may be better if you prefer setting properties via method calls
       (which the author did when the code was first written) otherwise passing properties to the
       constructor has proved to be a little more flexible and self documenting in practice. An
       additional advantage of working with property hashes is that it allows you to share
       formatting between workbook objects as shown in the example above.

       The Perl/Tk style of adding properties is also supported:

           my %font = (
               -font  => 'Calibri',
               -size  => 12,
               -color => 'blue',
               -bold  => 1,
           );

   Working with formats
       The default format is Calibri 11 with all other properties off.

       Each unique format in Excel::Writer::XLSX must have a corresponding Format object. It
       isn't possible to use a Format with a write() method and then redefine the Format for use
       at a later stage. This is because a Format is applied to a cell not in its current state
       but in its final state. Consider the following example:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_bold();
           $format->set_color( 'red' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', 'Cell A1', $format );
           $format->set_color( 'green' );
           $worksheet->write( 'B1', 'Cell B1', $format );

       Cell A1 is assigned the Format $format which is initially set to the colour red. However,
       the colour is subsequently set to green. When Excel displays Cell A1 it will display the
       final state of the Format which in this case will be the colour green.

       In general a method call without an argument will turn a property on, for example:

           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format();
           $format1->set_bold();       # Turns bold on
           $format1->set_bold( 1 );    # Also turns bold on
           $format1->set_bold( 0 );    # Turns bold off

FORMAT METHODS

       The Format object methods are described in more detail in the following sections. In
       addition, there is a Perl program called "formats.pl" in the "examples" directory of the
       WriteExcel distribution. This program creates an Excel workbook called "formats.xlsx"
       which contains examples of almost all the format types.

       The following Format methods are available:

           set_font()
           set_size()
           set_color()
           set_bold()
           set_italic()
           set_underline()
           set_font_strikeout()
           set_font_script()
           set_font_outline()
           set_font_shadow()
           set_num_format()
           set_locked()
           set_hidden()
           set_align()
           set_rotation()
           set_text_wrap()
           set_text_justlast()
           set_center_across()
           set_indent()
           set_shrink()
           set_pattern()
           set_bg_color()
           set_fg_color()
           set_border()
           set_bottom()
           set_top()
           set_left()
           set_right()
           set_border_color()
           set_bottom_color()
           set_top_color()
           set_left_color()
           set_right_color()

       The above methods can also be applied directly as properties. For example
       "$format->set_bold()" is equivalent to "$workbook->add_format(bold => 1)".

   set_format_properties( %properties )
       The properties of an existing Format object can be also be set by means of
       "set_format_properties()":

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_format_properties( bold => 1, color => 'red' );

       However, this method is here mainly for legacy reasons. It is preferable to set the
       properties in the format constructor:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1, color => 'red' );

   set_font( $fontname )
           Default state:      Font is Calibri
           Default action:     None
           Valid args:         Any valid font name

       Specify the font used:

           $format->set_font('Times New Roman');

       Excel can only display fonts that are installed on the system that it is running on.
       Therefore it is best to use the fonts that come as standard such as 'Calibri', 'Times New
       Roman' and 'Courier New'. See also the Fonts worksheet created by formats.pl

   set_size()
           Default state:      Font size is 10
           Default action:     Set font size to 1
           Valid args:         Integer values from 1 to as big as your screen.

       Set the font size. Excel adjusts the height of a row to accommodate the largest font size
       in the row. You can also explicitly specify the height of a row using the set_row()
       worksheet method.

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_size( 30 );

   set_color()
           Default state:      Excels default color, usually black
           Default action:     Set the default color
           Valid args:         Integers from 8..63 or the following strings:
                               'black'
                               'blue'
                               'brown'
                               'cyan'
                               'gray'
                               'green'
                               'lime'
                               'magenta'
                               'navy'
                               'orange'
                               'pink'
                               'purple'
                               'red'
                               'silver'
                               'white'
                               'yellow'

       Set the font colour. The "set_color()" method is used as follows:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_color( 'red' );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'wheelbarrow', $format );

       Note: The "set_color()" method is used to set the colour of the font in a cell. To set the
       colour of a cell use the "set_bg_color()" and "set_pattern()" methods.

       For additional examples see the 'Named colors' and 'Standard colors' worksheets created by
       formats.pl in the examples directory.

       See also "COLOURS IN EXCEL".

   set_bold()
           Default state:      bold is off
           Default action:     Turn bold on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       Set the bold property of the font:

           $format->set_bold();  # Turn bold on

   set_italic()
           Default state:      Italic is off
           Default action:     Turn italic on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       Set the italic property of the font:

           $format->set_italic();  # Turn italic on

   set_underline()
           Default state:      Underline is off
           Default action:     Turn on single underline
           Valid args:         0  = No underline
                               1  = Single underline
                               2  = Double underline
                               33 = Single accounting underline
                               34 = Double accounting underline

       Set the underline property of the font.

           $format->set_underline();   # Single underline

   set_font_strikeout()
           Default state:      Strikeout is off
           Default action:     Turn strikeout on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       Set the strikeout property of the font.

   set_font_script()
           Default state:      Super/Subscript is off
           Default action:     Turn Superscript on
           Valid args:         0  = Normal
                               1  = Superscript
                               2  = Subscript

       Set the superscript/subscript property of the font.

   set_font_outline()
           Default state:      Outline is off
           Default action:     Turn outline on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       Macintosh only.

   set_font_shadow()
           Default state:      Shadow is off
           Default action:     Turn shadow on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       Macintosh only.

   set_num_format()
           Default state:      General format
           Default action:     Format index 1
           Valid args:         See the following table

       This method is used to define the numerical format of a number in Excel. It controls
       whether a number is displayed as an integer, a floating point number, a date, a currency
       value or some other user defined format.

       The numerical format of a cell can be specified by using a format string or an index to
       one of Excel's built-in formats:

           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format();
           my $format2 = $workbook->add_format();
           $format1->set_num_format( 'd mmm yyyy' );    # Format string
           $format2->set_num_format( 0x0f );            # Format index

           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 36892.521, $format1 );    # 1 Jan 2001
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 36892.521, $format2 );    # 1-Jan-01

       Using format strings you can define very sophisticated formatting of numbers.

           $format01->set_num_format( '0.000' );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 3.1415926, $format01 );    # 3.142

           $format02->set_num_format( '#,##0' );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 0, 1234.56, $format02 );      # 1,235

           $format03->set_num_format( '#,##0.00' );
           $worksheet->write( 2, 0, 1234.56, $format03 );      # 1,234.56

           $format04->set_num_format( '$0.00' );
           $worksheet->write( 3, 0, 49.99, $format04 );        # $49.99

           # Note you can use other currency symbols such as the pound or yen as well.
           # Other currencies may require the use of Unicode.

           $format07->set_num_format( 'mm/dd/yy' );
           $worksheet->write( 6, 0, 36892.521, $format07 );    # 01/01/01

           $format08->set_num_format( 'mmm d yyyy' );
           $worksheet->write( 7, 0, 36892.521, $format08 );    # Jan 1 2001

           $format09->set_num_format( 'd mmmm yyyy' );
           $worksheet->write( 8, 0, 36892.521, $format09 );    # 1 January 2001

           $format10->set_num_format( 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm AM/PM' );
           $worksheet->write( 9, 0, 36892.521, $format10 );    # 01/01/2001 12:30 AM

           $format11->set_num_format( '0 "dollar and" .00 "cents"' );
           $worksheet->write( 10, 0, 1.87, $format11 );        # 1 dollar and .87 cents

           # Conditional numerical formatting.
           $format12->set_num_format( '[Green]General;[Red]-General;General' );
           $worksheet->write( 11, 0, 123, $format12 );         # > 0 Green
           $worksheet->write( 12, 0, -45, $format12 );         # < 0 Red
           $worksheet->write( 13, 0, 0,   $format12 );         # = 0 Default colour

           # Zip code
           $format13->set_num_format( '00000' );
           $worksheet->write( 14, 0, '01209', $format13 );

       The number system used for dates is described in "DATES AND TIME IN EXCEL".

       The colour format should have one of the following values:

           [Black] [Blue] [Cyan] [Green] [Magenta] [Red] [White] [Yellow]

       Alternatively you can specify the colour based on a colour index as follows: "[Color n]",
       where n is a standard Excel colour index - 7. See the 'Standard colors' worksheet created
       by formats.pl.

       For more information refer to the documentation on formatting in the "docs" directory of
       the Excel::Writer::XLSX distro, the Excel on-line help or
       <http://office.microsoft.com/en-gb/assistance/HP051995001033.aspx>.

       You should ensure that the format string is valid in Excel prior to using it in
       WriteExcel.

       Excel's built-in formats are shown in the following table:

           Index   Index   Format String
           0       0x00    General
           1       0x01    0
           2       0x02    0.00
           3       0x03    #,##0
           4       0x04    #,##0.00
           5       0x05    ($#,##0_);($#,##0)
           6       0x06    ($#,##0_);[Red]($#,##0)
           7       0x07    ($#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00)
           8       0x08    ($#,##0.00_);[Red]($#,##0.00)
           9       0x09    0%
           10      0x0a    0.00%
           11      0x0b    0.00E+00
           12      0x0c    # ?/?
           13      0x0d    # ??/??
           14      0x0e    m/d/yy
           15      0x0f    d-mmm-yy
           16      0x10    d-mmm
           17      0x11    mmm-yy
           18      0x12    h:mm AM/PM
           19      0x13    h:mm:ss AM/PM
           20      0x14    h:mm
           21      0x15    h:mm:ss
           22      0x16    m/d/yy h:mm
           ..      ....    ...........
           37      0x25    (#,##0_);(#,##0)
           38      0x26    (#,##0_);[Red](#,##0)
           39      0x27    (#,##0.00_);(#,##0.00)
           40      0x28    (#,##0.00_);[Red](#,##0.00)
           41      0x29    _(* #,##0_);_(* (#,##0);_(* "-"_);_(@_)
           42      0x2a    _($* #,##0_);_($* (#,##0);_($* "-"_);_(@_)
           43      0x2b    _(* #,##0.00_);_(* (#,##0.00);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)
           44      0x2c    _($* #,##0.00_);_($* (#,##0.00);_($* "-"??_);_(@_)
           45      0x2d    mm:ss
           46      0x2e    [h]:mm:ss
           47      0x2f    mm:ss.0
           48      0x30    ##0.0E+0
           49      0x31    @

       For examples of these formatting codes see the 'Numerical formats' worksheet created by
       formats.pl. See also the number_formats1.html and the number_formats2.html documents in
       the "docs" directory of the distro.

       Note 1. Numeric formats 23 to 36 are not documented by Microsoft and may differ in
       international versions.

       Note 2. The dollar sign appears as the defined local currency symbol.

   set_locked()
           Default state:      Cell locking is on
           Default action:     Turn locking on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       This property can be used to prevent modification of a cells contents. Following Excel's
       convention, cell locking is turned on by default. However, it only has an effect if the
       worksheet has been protected, see the worksheet "protect()" method.

           my $locked = $workbook->add_format();
           $locked->set_locked( 1 );    # A non-op

           my $unlocked = $workbook->add_format();
           $locked->set_locked( 0 );

           # Enable worksheet protection
           $worksheet->protect();

           # This cell cannot be edited.
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '=1+2', $locked );

           # This cell can be edited.
           $worksheet->write( 'A2', '=1+2', $unlocked );

       Note: This offers weak protection even with a password, see the note in relation to the
       "protect()" method.

   set_hidden()
           Default state:      Formula hiding is off
           Default action:     Turn hiding on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       This property is used to hide a formula while still displaying its result. This is
       generally used to hide complex calculations from end users who are only interested in the
       result. It only has an effect if the worksheet has been protected, see the worksheet
       "protect()" method.

           my $hidden = $workbook->add_format();
           $hidden->set_hidden();

           # Enable worksheet protection
           $worksheet->protect();

           # The formula in this cell isn't visible
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '=1+2', $hidden );

       Note: This offers weak protection even with a password, see the note in relation to the
       "protect()" method.

   set_align()
           Default state:      Alignment is off
           Default action:     Left alignment
           Valid args:         'left'              Horizontal
                               'center'
                               'right'
                               'fill'
                               'justify'
                               'center_across'

                               'top'               Vertical
                               'vcenter'
                               'bottom'
                               'vjustify'

       This method is used to set the horizontal and vertical text alignment within a cell.
       Vertical and horizontal alignments can be combined. The method is used as follows:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_align( 'center' );
           $format->set_align( 'vcenter' );
           $worksheet->set_row( 0, 30 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'X', $format );

       Text can be aligned across two or more adjacent cells using the "center_across" property.
       However, for genuine merged cells it is better to use the "merge_range()" worksheet
       method.

       The "vjustify" (vertical justify) option can be used to provide automatic text wrapping in
       a cell. The height of the cell will be adjusted to accommodate the wrapped text. To
       specify where the text wraps use the "set_text_wrap()" method.

       For further examples see the 'Alignment' worksheet created by formats.pl.

   set_center_across()
           Default state:      Center across selection is off
           Default action:     Turn center across on
           Valid args:         1

       Text can be aligned across two or more adjacent cells using the "set_center_across()"
       method. This is an alias for the "set_align('center_across')" method call.

       Only one cell should contain the text, the other cells should be blank:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_center_across();

           $worksheet->write( 1, 1, 'Center across selection', $format );
           $worksheet->write_blank( 1, 2, $format );

       See also the "merge1.pl" to "merge6.pl" programs in the "examples" directory and the
       "merge_range()" method.

   set_text_wrap()
           Default state:      Text wrap is off
           Default action:     Turn text wrap on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       Here is an example using the text wrap property, the escape character "\n" is used to
       indicate the end of line:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_text_wrap();
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, "It's\na bum\nwrap", $format );

       Excel will adjust the height of the row to accommodate the wrapped text. A similar effect
       can be obtained without newlines using the "set_align('vjustify')" method. See the
       "textwrap.pl" program in the "examples" directory.

   set_rotation()
           Default state:      Text rotation is off
           Default action:     None
           Valid args:         Integers in the range -90 to 90 and 270

       Set the rotation of the text in a cell. The rotation can be any angle in the range -90 to
       90 degrees.

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_rotation( 30 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'This text is rotated', $format );

       The angle 270 is also supported. This indicates text where the letters run from top to
       bottom.

   set_indent()
           Default state:      Text indentation is off
           Default action:     Indent text 1 level
           Valid args:         Positive integers

       This method can be used to indent text. The argument, which should be an integer, is taken
       as the level of indentation:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_indent( 2 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'This text is indented', $format );

       Indentation is a horizontal alignment property. It will override any other horizontal
       properties but it can be used in conjunction with vertical properties.

   set_shrink()
           Default state:      Text shrinking is off
           Default action:     Turn "shrink to fit" on
           Valid args:         1

       This method can be used to shrink text so that it fits in a cell.

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_shrink();
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'Honey, I shrunk the text!', $format );

   set_text_justlast()
           Default state:      Justify last is off
           Default action:     Turn justify last on
           Valid args:         0, 1

       Only applies to Far Eastern versions of Excel.

   set_pattern()
           Default state:      Pattern is off
           Default action:     Solid fill is on
           Valid args:         0 .. 18

       Set the background pattern of a cell.

       Examples of the available patterns are shown in the 'Patterns' worksheet created by
       formats.pl. However, it is unlikely that you will ever need anything other than Pattern 1
       which is a solid fill of the background color.

   set_bg_color()
           Default state:      Color is off
           Default action:     Solid fill.
           Valid args:         See set_color()

       The "set_bg_color()" method can be used to set the background colour of a pattern.
       Patterns are defined via the "set_pattern()" method. If a pattern hasn't been defined then
       a solid fill pattern is used as the default.

       Here is an example of how to set up a solid fill in a cell:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format();

           $format->set_pattern();    # This is optional when using a solid fill

           $format->set_bg_color( 'green' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', 'Ray', $format );

       For further examples see the 'Patterns' worksheet created by formats.pl.

   set_fg_color()
           Default state:      Color is off
           Default action:     Solid fill.
           Valid args:         See set_color()

       The "set_fg_color()" method can be used to set the foreground colour of a pattern.

       For further examples see the 'Patterns' worksheet created by formats.pl.

   set_border()
           Also applies to:    set_bottom()
                               set_top()
                               set_left()
                               set_right()

           Default state:      Border is off
           Default action:     Set border type 1
           Valid args:         0-13, See below.

       A cell border is comprised of a border on the bottom, top, left and right. These can be
       set to the same value using "set_border()" or individually using the relevant method calls
       shown above.

       The following shows the border styles sorted by Excel::Writer::XLSX index number:

           Index   Name            Weight   Style
           =====   =============   ======   ===========
           0       None            0
           1       Continuous      1        -----------
           2       Continuous      2        -----------
           3       Dash            1        - - - - - -
           4       Dot             1        . . . . . .
           5       Continuous      3        -----------
           6       Double          3        ===========
           7       Continuous      0        -----------
           8       Dash            2        - - - - - -
           9       Dash Dot        1        - . - . - .
           10      Dash Dot        2        - . - . - .
           11      Dash Dot Dot    1        - . . - . .
           12      Dash Dot Dot    2        - . . - . .
           13      SlantDash Dot   2        / - . / - .

       The following shows the borders sorted by style:

           Name            Weight   Style         Index
           =============   ======   ===========   =====
           Continuous      0        -----------   7
           Continuous      1        -----------   1
           Continuous      2        -----------   2
           Continuous      3        -----------   5
           Dash            1        - - - - - -   3
           Dash            2        - - - - - -   8
           Dash Dot        1        - . - . - .   9
           Dash Dot        2        - . - . - .   10
           Dash Dot Dot    1        - . . - . .   11
           Dash Dot Dot    2        - . . - . .   12
           Dot             1        . . . . . .   4
           Double          3        ===========   6
           None            0                      0
           SlantDash Dot   2        / - . / - .   13

       The following shows the borders in the order shown in the Excel Dialog.

           Index   Style             Index   Style
           =====   =====             =====   =====
           0       None              12      - . . - . .
           7       -----------       13      / - . / - .
           4       . . . . . .       10      - . - . - .
           11      - . . - . .       8       - - - - - -
           9       - . - . - .       2       -----------
           3       - - - - - -       5       -----------
           1       -----------       6       ===========

       Examples of the available border styles are shown in the 'Borders' worksheet created by
       formats.pl.

   set_border_color()
           Also applies to:    set_bottom_color()
                               set_top_color()
                               set_left_color()
                               set_right_color()

           Default state:      Color is off
           Default action:     Undefined
           Valid args:         See set_color()

       Set the colour of the cell borders. A cell border is comprised of a border on the bottom,
       top, left and right. These can be set to the same colour using "set_border_color()" or
       individually using the relevant method calls shown above. Examples of the border styles
       and colours are shown in the 'Borders' worksheet created by formats.pl.

   copy( $format )
       This method is used to copy all of the properties from one Format object to another:

           my $lorry1 = $workbook->add_format();
           $lorry1->set_bold();
           $lorry1->set_italic();
           $lorry1->set_color( 'red' );    # lorry1 is bold, italic and red

           my $lorry2 = $workbook->add_format();
           $lorry2->copy( $lorry1 );
           $lorry2->set_color( 'yellow' );    # lorry2 is bold, italic and yellow

       The "copy()" method is only useful if you are using the method interface to Format
       properties. It generally isn't required if you are setting Format properties directly
       using hashes.

       Note: this is not a copy constructor, both objects must exist prior to copying.

UNICODE IN EXCEL

       The following is a brief introduction to handling Unicode in "Excel::Writer::XLSX".

       For a more general introduction to Unicode handling in Perl see perlunitut and
       perluniintro.

       Excel::Writer::XLSX writer differs from Spreadsheet::WriteExcel in that it only handles
       Unicode data in "UTF-8" format and doesn't try to handle legacy UTF-16 Excel formats.

       If the data is in "UTF-8" format then Excel::Writer::XLSX will handle it automatically.

       If you are dealing with non-ASCII characters that aren't in "UTF-8" then perl provides
       useful tools in the guise of the "Encode" module to help you to convert to the required
       format. For example:

           use Encode 'decode';

           my $string = 'some string with koi8-r characters';
              $string = decode('koi8-r', $string); # koi8-r to utf8

       Alternatively you can read data from an encoded file and convert it to "UTF-8" as you read
       it in:

           my $file = 'unicode_koi8r.txt';
           open FH, '<:encoding(koi8-r)', $file or die "Couldn't open $file: $!\n";

           my $row = 0;
           while ( <FH> ) {
               # Data read in is now in utf8 format.
               chomp;
               $worksheet->write( $row++, 0, $_ );
           }

       These methodologies are explained in more detail in perlunitut, perluniintro and
       perlunicode.

       See also the "unicode_*.pl" programs in the examples directory of the distro.

COLOURS IN EXCEL

       Excel provides a colour palette of 56 colours. In Excel::Writer::XLSX these colours are
       accessed via their palette index in the range 8..63. This index is used to set the colour
       of fonts, cell patterns and cell borders. For example:

           my $format = $workbook->add_format(
                                               color => 12, # index for blue
                                               font  => 'Calibri',
                                               size  => 12,
                                               bold  => 1,
                                            );

       The most commonly used colours can also be accessed by name. The name acts as a simple
       alias for the colour index:

           black     =>    8
           blue      =>   12
           brown     =>   16
           cyan      =>   15
           gray      =>   23
           green     =>   17
           lime      =>   11
           magenta   =>   14
           navy      =>   18
           orange    =>   53
           pink      =>   33
           purple    =>   20
           red       =>   10
           silver    =>   22
           white     =>    9
           yellow    =>   13

       For example:

           my $font = $workbook->add_format( color => 'red' );

       Users of VBA in Excel should note that the equivalent colour indices are in the range
       1..56 instead of 8..63.

       If the default palette does not provide a required colour you can override one of the
       built-in values. This is achieved by using the "set_custom_color()" workbook method to
       adjust the RGB (red green blue) components of the colour:

           my $ferrari = $workbook->set_custom_color( 40, 216, 12, 12 );

           my $format = $workbook->add_format(
               bg_color => $ferrari,
               pattern  => 1,
               border   => 1
           );

           $worksheet->write_blank( 'A1', $format );

       You can generate and example of the Excel palette using "colors.pl" in the "examples"
       directory.

DATES AND TIME IN EXCEL

       There are two important things to understand about dates and times in Excel:

       1 A date/time in Excel is a real number plus an Excel number format.
       2 Excel::Writer::XLSX doesn't automatically convert date/time strings in "write()" to an
       Excel date/time.

       These two points are explained in more detail below along with some suggestions on how to
       convert times and dates to the required format.

   An Excel date/time is a number plus a format
       If you write a date string with "write()" then all you will get is a string:

           $worksheet->write( 'A1', '02/03/04' );   # !! Writes a string not a date. !!

       Dates and times in Excel are represented by real numbers, for example "Jan 1 2001 12:30
       AM" is represented by the number 36892.521.

       The integer part of the number stores the number of days since the epoch and the
       fractional part stores the percentage of the day.

       A date or time in Excel is just like any other number. To have the number display as a
       date you must apply an Excel number format to it. Here are some examples.

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'date_examples.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           $worksheet->set_column( 'A:A', 30 );    # For extra visibility.

           my $number = 39506.5;

           $worksheet->write( 'A1', $number );             #   39506.5

           my $format2 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'dd/mm/yy' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A2', $number, $format2 );    #  28/02/08

           my $format3 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'mm/dd/yy' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A3', $number, $format3 );    #  02/28/08

           my $format4 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'd-m-yyyy' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A4', $number, $format4 );    #  28-2-2008

           my $format5 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'dd/mm/yy hh:mm' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A5', $number, $format5 );    #  28/02/08 12:00

           my $format6 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'd mmm yyyy' );
           $worksheet->write( 'A6', $number, $format6 );    # 28 Feb 2008

           my $format7 = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'mmm d yyyy hh:mm AM/PM' );
           $worksheet->write('A7', $number , $format7);     #  Feb 28 2008 12:00 PM

   Excel::Writer::XLSX doesn't automatically convert date/time strings
       Excel::Writer::XLSX doesn't automatically convert input date strings into Excel's
       formatted date numbers due to the large number of possible date formats and also due to
       the possibility of misinterpretation.

       For example, does "02/03/04" mean March 2 2004, February 3 2004 or even March 4 2002.

       Therefore, in order to handle dates you will have to convert them to numbers and apply an
       Excel format. Some methods for converting dates are listed in the next section.

       The most direct way is to convert your dates to the ISO8601 "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sss" date
       format and use the "write_date_time()" worksheet method:

           $worksheet->write_date_time( 'A2', '2001-01-01T12:20', $format );

       See the "write_date_time()" section of the documentation for more details.

       A general methodology for handling date strings with "write_date_time()" is:

           1. Identify incoming date/time strings with a regex.
           2. Extract the component parts of the date/time using the same regex.
           3. Convert the date/time to the ISO8601 format.
           4. Write the date/time using write_date_time() and a number format.

       Here is an example:

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'example.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           # Set the default format for dates.
           my $date_format = $workbook->add_format( num_format => 'mmm d yyyy' );

           # Increase column width to improve visibility of data.
           $worksheet->set_column( 'A:C', 20 );

           # Simulate reading from a data source.
           my $row = 0;

           while ( <DATA> ) {
               chomp;

               my $col  = 0;
               my @data = split ' ';

               for my $item ( @data ) {

                   # Match dates in the following formats: d/m/yy, d/m/yyyy
                   if ( $item =~ qr[^(\d{1,2})/(\d{1,2})/(\d{4})$] ) {

                       # Change to the date format required by write_date_time().
                       my $date = sprintf "%4d-%02d-%02dT", $3, $2, $1;

                       $worksheet->write_date_time( $row, $col++, $date,
                           $date_format );
                   }
                   else {

                       # Just plain data
                       $worksheet->write( $row, $col++, $item );
                   }
               }
               $row++;
           }

           __DATA__
           Item    Cost    Date
           Book    10      1/9/2007
           Beer    4       12/9/2007
           Bed     500     5/10/2007

       For a slightly more advanced solution you can modify the "write()" method to handle date
       formats of your choice via the "add_write_handler()" method. See the "add_write_handler()"
       section of the docs and the write_handler3.pl and write_handler4.pl programs in the
       examples directory of the distro.

   Converting dates and times to an Excel date or time
       The "write_date_time()" method above is just one way of handling dates and times.

       You can also use the "convert_date_time()" worksheet method to convert from an ISO8601
       style date string to an Excel date and time number.

       The Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility module which is included in the distro has date/time
       handling functions:

           use Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility;

           $date           = xl_date_list(2002, 1, 1);         # 37257
           $date           = xl_parse_date("11 July 1997");    # 35622
           $time           = xl_parse_time('3:21:36 PM');      # 0.64
           $date           = xl_decode_date_EU("13 May 2002"); # 37389

       Note: some of these functions require additional CPAN modules.

       For date conversions using the CPAN "DateTime" framework see DateTime::Format::Excel
       <http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=DateTime-Format-Excel>.

OUTLINES AND GROUPING IN EXCEL

       Excel allows you to group rows or columns so that they can be hidden or displayed with a
       single mouse click. This feature is referred to as outlines.

       Outlines can reduce complex data down to a few salient sub-totals or summaries.

       This feature is best viewed in Excel but the following is an ASCII representation of what
       a worksheet with three outlines might look like. Rows 3-4 and rows 7-8 are grouped at
       level 2. Rows 2-9 are grouped at level 1. The lines at the left hand side are called
       outline level bars.

                   ------------------------------------------
            1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
                   ------------------------------------------
             _    | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
            |  _  | 2 |   B   |       |       |       |  ...
            | |   | 3 |  (C)  |       |       |       |  ...
            | |   | 4 |  (D)  |       |       |       |  ...
            | -   | 5 |   E   |       |       |       |  ...
            |  _  | 6 |   F   |       |       |       |  ...
            | |   | 7 |  (G)  |       |       |       |  ...
            | |   | 8 |  (H)  |       |       |       |  ...
            | -   | 9 |   I   |       |       |       |  ...
            -     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...

       Clicking the minus sign on each of the level 2 outlines will collapse and hide the data as
       shown in the next figure. The minus sign changes to a plus sign to indicate that the data
       in the outline is hidden.

                   ------------------------------------------
            1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
                   ------------------------------------------
             _    | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
            |     | 2 |   B   |       |       |       |  ...
            | +   | 5 |   E   |       |       |       |  ...
            |     | 6 |   F   |       |       |       |  ...
            | +   | 9 |   I   |       |       |       |  ...
            -     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...

       Clicking on the minus sign on the level 1 outline will collapse the remaining rows as
       follows:

                   ------------------------------------------
            1 2 3 |   |   A   |   B   |   C   |   D   |  ...
                   ------------------------------------------
                  | 1 |   A   |       |       |       |  ...
            +     | . |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...  |  ...

       Grouping in "Excel::Writer::XLSX" is achieved by setting the outline level via the
       "set_row()" and "set_column()" worksheet methods:

           set_row( $row, $height, $format, $hidden, $level, $collapsed )
           set_column( $first_col, $last_col, $width, $format, $hidden, $level, $collapsed )

       The following example sets an outline level of 1 for rows 1 and 2 (zero-indexed) and
       columns B to G. The parameters $height and $XF are assigned default values since they are
       undefined:

           $worksheet->set_row( 1, undef, undef, 0, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_row( 2, undef, undef, 0, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_column( 'B:G', undef, undef, 0, 1 );

       Excel allows up to 7 outline levels. Therefore the $level parameter should be in the range
       "0 <= $level <= 7".

       Rows and columns can be collapsed by setting the $hidden flag for the hidden rows/columns
       and setting the $collapsed flag for the row/column that has the collapsed "+" symbol:

           $worksheet->set_row( 1, undef, undef, 1, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_row( 2, undef, undef, 1, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_row( 3, undef, undef, 0, 0, 1 );          # Collapsed flag.

           $worksheet->set_column( 'B:G', undef, undef, 1, 1 );
           $worksheet->set_column( 'H:H', undef, undef, 0, 0, 1 );   # Collapsed flag.

       Note: Setting the $collapsed flag is particularly important for compatibility with
       OpenOffice.org and Gnumeric.

       For a more complete example see the "outline.pl" and "outline_collapsed.pl" programs in
       the examples directory of the distro.

       Some additional outline properties can be set via the "outline_settings()" worksheet
       method, see above.

DATA VALIDATION IN EXCEL

       Data validation is a feature of Excel which allows you to restrict the data that a users
       enters in a cell and to display help and warning messages. It also allows you to restrict
       input to values in a drop down list.

       A typical use case might be to restrict data in a cell to integer values in a certain
       range, to provide a help message to indicate the required value and to issue a warning if
       the input data doesn't meet the stated criteria. In Excel::Writer::XLSX we could do that
       as follows:

           $worksheet->data_validation('B3',
               {
                   validate        => 'integer',
                   criteria        => 'between',
                   minimum         => 1,
                   maximum         => 100,
                   input_title     => 'Input an integer:',
                   input_message   => 'Between 1 and 100',
                   error_message   => 'Sorry, try again.',
               });

       For more information on data validation see the following Microsoft support article
       "Description and examples of data validation in Excel":
       <http://support.microsoft.com/kb/211485>.

       The following sections describe how to use the "data_validation()" method and its various
       options.

   data_validation( $row, $col, { parameter => 'value', ... } )
       The "data_validation()" method is used to construct an Excel data validation.

       It can be applied to a single cell or a range of cells. You can pass 3 parameters such as
       "($row, $col, {...})" or 5 parameters such as "($first_row, $first_col, $last_row,
       $last_col, {...})". You can also use "A1" style notation. For example:

           $worksheet->data_validation( 0, 0,       {...} );
           $worksheet->data_validation( 0, 0, 4, 1, {...} );

           # Which are the same as:

           $worksheet->data_validation( 'A1',       {...} );
           $worksheet->data_validation( 'A1:B5',    {...} );

       See also the note about "Cell notation" for more information.

       The last parameter in "data_validation()" must be a hash ref containing the parameters
       that describe the type and style of the data validation. The allowable parameters are:

           validate
           criteria
           value | minimum | source
           maximum
           ignore_blank
           dropdown

           input_title
           input_message
           show_input

           error_title
           error_message
           error_type
           show_error

       These parameters are explained in the following sections. Most of the parameters are
       optional, however, you will generally require the three main options "validate",
       "criteria" and "value".

           $worksheet->data_validation('B3',
               {
                   validate => 'integer',
                   criteria => '>',
                   value    => 100,
               });

       The "data_validation" method returns:

            0 for success.
           -1 for insufficient number of arguments.
           -2 for row or column out of bounds.
           -3 for incorrect parameter or value.

   validate
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "validate" parameter is used to set the type of data that you wish to validate. It is
       always required and it has no default value. Allowable values are:

           any
           integer
           decimal
           list
           date
           time
           length
           custom

       •   any is used to specify that the type of data is unrestricted. This is the same as not
           applying a data validation. It is only provided for completeness and isn't used very
           often in the context of Excel::Writer::XLSX.

       •   integer restricts the cell to integer values. Excel refers to this as 'whole number'.

               validate => 'integer',
               criteria => '>',
               value    => 100,

       •   decimal restricts the cell to decimal values.

               validate => 'decimal',
               criteria => '>',
               value    => 38.6,

       •   list restricts the cell to a set of user specified values. These can be passed in an
           array ref or as a cell range (named ranges aren't currently supported):

               validate => 'list',
               value    => ['open', 'high', 'close'],
               # Or like this:
               value    => 'B1:B3',

           Excel requires that range references are only to cells on the same worksheet.

       •   date restricts the cell to date values. Dates in Excel are expressed as integer values
           but you can also pass an ISO8601 style string as used in "write_date_time()". See also
           "DATES AND TIME IN EXCEL" for more information about working with Excel's dates.

               validate => 'date',
               criteria => '>',
               value    => 39653, # 24 July 2008
               # Or like this:
               value    => '2008-07-24T',

       •   time restricts the cell to time values. Times in Excel are expressed as decimal values
           but you can also pass an ISO8601 style string as used in "write_date_time()". See also
           "DATES AND TIME IN EXCEL" for more information about working with Excel's times.

               validate => 'time',
               criteria => '>',
               value    => 0.5, # Noon
               # Or like this:
               value    => 'T12:00:00',

       •   length restricts the cell data based on an integer string length. Excel refers to this
           as 'Text length'.

               validate => 'length',
               criteria => '>',
               value    => 10,

       •   custom restricts the cell based on an external Excel formula that returns a
           "TRUE/FALSE" value.

               validate => 'custom',
               value    => '=IF(A10>B10,TRUE,FALSE)',

   criteria
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "criteria" parameter is used to set the criteria by which the data in the cell is
       validated. It is almost always required except for the "list" and "custom" validate
       options. It has no default value. Allowable values are:

           'between'
           'not between'
           'equal to'                  |  '=='  |  '='
           'not equal to'              |  '!='  |  '<>'
           'greater than'              |  '>'
           'less than'                 |  '<'
           'greater than or equal to'  |  '>='
           'less than or equal to'     |  '<='

       You can either use Excel's textual description strings, in the first column above, or the
       more common symbolic alternatives. The following are equivalent:

           validate => 'integer',
           criteria => 'greater than',
           value    => 100,

           validate => 'integer',
           criteria => '>',
           value    => 100,

       The "list" and "custom" validate options don't require a "criteria". If you specify one it
       will be ignored.

           validate => 'list',
           value    => ['open', 'high', 'close'],

           validate => 'custom',
           value    => '=IF(A10>B10,TRUE,FALSE)',

   value | minimum | source
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "value" parameter is used to set the limiting value to which the "criteria" is
       applied. It is always required and it has no default value. You can also use the synonyms
       "minimum" or "source" to make the validation a little clearer and closer to Excel's
       description of the parameter:

           # Use 'value'
           validate => 'integer',
           criteria => '>',
           value    => 100,

           # Use 'minimum'
           validate => 'integer',
           criteria => 'between',
           minimum  => 1,
           maximum  => 100,

           # Use 'source'
           validate => 'list',
           source   => '$B$1:$B$3',

   maximum
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "maximum" parameter is used to set the upper limiting value when the "criteria" is
       either 'between' or 'not between':

           validate => 'integer',
           criteria => 'between',
           minimum  => 1,
           maximum  => 100,

   ignore_blank
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "ignore_blank" parameter is used to toggle on and off the 'Ignore blank' option in the
       Excel data validation dialog. When the option is on the data validation is not applied to
       blank data in the cell. It is on by default.

           ignore_blank => 0,  # Turn the option off

   dropdown
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "dropdown" parameter is used to toggle on and off the 'In-cell dropdown' option in the
       Excel data validation dialog. When the option is on a dropdown list will be shown for
       "list" validations. It is on by default.

           dropdown => 0,      # Turn the option off

   input_title
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "input_title" parameter is used to set the title of the input message that is
       displayed when a cell is entered. It has no default value and is only displayed if the
       input message is displayed. See the "input_message" parameter below.

           input_title   => 'This is the input title',

       The maximum title length is 32 characters.

   input_message
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "input_message" parameter is used to set the input message that is displayed when a
       cell is entered. It has no default value.

           validate      => 'integer',
           criteria      => 'between',
           minimum       => 1,
           maximum       => 100,
           input_title   => 'Enter the applied discount:',
           input_message => 'between 1 and 100',

       The message can be split over several lines using newlines, "\n" in double quoted strings.

           input_message => "This is\na test.",

       The maximum message length is 255 characters.

   show_input
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "show_input" parameter is used to toggle on and off the 'Show input message when cell
       is selected' option in the Excel data validation dialog. When the option is off an input
       message is not displayed even if it has been set using "input_message". It is on by
       default.

           show_input => 0,      # Turn the option off

   error_title
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "error_title" parameter is used to set the title of the error message that is
       displayed when the data validation criteria is not met. The default error title is
       'Microsoft Excel'.

           error_title   => 'Input value is not valid',

       The maximum title length is 32 characters.

   error_message
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "error_message" parameter is used to set the error message that is displayed when a
       cell is entered. The default error message is "The value you entered is not valid.\nA user
       has restricted values that can be entered into the cell.".

           validate      => 'integer',
           criteria      => 'between',
           minimum       => 1,
           maximum       => 100,
           error_title   => 'Input value is not valid',
           error_message => 'It should be an integer between 1 and 100',

       The message can be split over several lines using newlines, "\n" in double quoted strings.

           input_message => "This is\na test.",

       The maximum message length is 255 characters.

   error_type
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "error_type" parameter is used to specify the type of error dialog that is displayed.
       There are 3 options:

           'stop'
           'warning'
           'information'

       The default is 'stop'.

   show_error
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "data_validation()".

       The "show_error" parameter is used to toggle on and off the 'Show error alert after
       invalid data is entered' option in the Excel data validation dialog. When the option is
       off an error message is not displayed even if it has been set using "error_message". It is
       on by default.

           show_error => 0,      # Turn the option off

   Data Validation Examples
       Example 1. Limiting input to an integer greater than a fixed value.

           $worksheet->data_validation('A1',
               {
                   validate        => 'integer',
                   criteria        => '>',
                   value           => 0,
               });

       Example 2. Limiting input to an integer greater than a fixed value where the value is
       referenced from a cell.

           $worksheet->data_validation('A2',
               {
                   validate        => 'integer',
                   criteria        => '>',
                   value           => '=E3',
               });

       Example 3. Limiting input to a decimal in a fixed range.

           $worksheet->data_validation('A3',
               {
                   validate        => 'decimal',
                   criteria        => 'between',
                   minimum         => 0.1,
                   maximum         => 0.5,
               });

       Example 4. Limiting input to a value in a dropdown list.

           $worksheet->data_validation('A4',
               {
                   validate        => 'list',
                   source          => ['open', 'high', 'close'],
               });

       Example 5. Limiting input to a value in a dropdown list where the list is specified as a
       cell range.

           $worksheet->data_validation('A5',
               {
                   validate        => 'list',
                   source          => '=$E$4:$G$4',
               });

       Example 6. Limiting input to a date in a fixed range.

           $worksheet->data_validation('A6',
               {
                   validate        => 'date',
                   criteria        => 'between',
                   minimum         => '2008-01-01T',
                   maximum         => '2008-12-12T',
               });

       Example 7. Displaying a message when the cell is selected.

           $worksheet->data_validation('A7',
               {
                   validate      => 'integer',
                   criteria      => 'between',
                   minimum       => 1,
                   maximum       => 100,
                   input_title   => 'Enter an integer:',
                   input_message => 'between 1 and 100',
               });

       See also the "data_validate.pl" program in the examples directory of the distro.

CONDITIONAL FORMATTING IN EXCEL

       Conditional formatting is a feature of Excel which allows you to apply a format to a cell
       or a range of cells based on a certain criteria.

       For example the following criteria is used to highlight cells >= 50 in red in the
       "conditional_format.pl" example from the distro:

           # Write a conditional format over a range.
           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'B3:K12',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => '>=',
                   value    => 50,
                   format   => $format1,
               }
           );

   conditional_formatting( $row, $col, { parameter => 'value', ... } )
       The "conditional_formatting()" method is used to apply formatting  based on user defined
       criteria to an Excel::Writer::XLSX file.

       It can be applied to a single cell or a range of cells. You can pass 3 parameters such as
       "($row, $col, {...})" or 5 parameters such as "($first_row, $first_col, $last_row,
       $last_col, {...})". You can also use "A1" style notation. For example:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 0, 0,       {...} );
           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 0, 0, 4, 1, {...} );

           # Which are the same as:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1',       {...} );
           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:B5',    {...} );

       See also the note about "Cell notation" for more information.

       Using "A1" style notation is is also possible to specify non-contiguous ranges, separated
       by a comma. For example:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:D5,A8:D12', {...} );

       The last parameter in "conditional_formatting()" must be a hash ref containing the
       parameters that describe the type and style of the data validation. The main parameters
       are:

           type
           format
           criteria
           value
           minimum
           maximum

       Other, less commonly used parameters are:

           min_type
           mid_type
           max_type
           min_value
           mid_value
           max_value
           min_color
           mid_color
           max_color
           bar_color

       Additional parameters which are used for specific conditional format types are shown in
       the relevant sections below.

   type
       This parameter is passed in a hash ref to "conditional_formatting()".

       The "type" parameter is used to set the type of conditional formatting that you wish to
       apply. It is always required and it has no default value. Allowable "type" values and
       their associated parameters are:

           Type            Parameters
           ====            ==========
           cell            criteria
                           value
                           minimum
                           maximum

           date            criteria
                           value
                           minimum
                           maximum

           time_period     criteria

           text            criteria
                           value

           average         criteria

           duplicate       (none)

           unique          (none)

           top             criteria
                           value

           bottom          criteria
                           value

           blanks          (none)

           no_blanks       (none)

           errors          (none)

           no_errors       (none)

           2_color_scale   (none)

           3_color_scale   (none)

           data_bar        (none)

           formula         criteria

       All conditional formatting types have a "format" parameter, see below. Other types and
       parameters such as icon sets will be added in time.

   type => 'cell'
       This is the most common conditional formatting type. It is used when a format is applied
       to a cell based on a simple criterion. For example:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => 'greater than',
                   value    => 5,
                   format   => $red_format,
               }
           );

       Or, using the "between" criteria:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'C1:C4',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => 'between',
                   minimum  => 20,
                   maximum  => 30,
                   format   => $green_format,
               }
           );

   criteria
       The "criteria" parameter is used to set the criteria by which the cell data will be
       evaluated. It has no default value. The most common criteria as applied to "{ type =>
       'cell' }" are:

           'between'
           'not between'
           'equal to'                  |  '=='  |  '='
           'not equal to'              |  '!='  |  '<>'
           'greater than'              |  '>'
           'less than'                 |  '<'
           'greater than or equal to'  |  '>='
           'less than or equal to'     |  '<='

       You can either use Excel's textual description strings, in the first column above, or the
       more common symbolic alternatives.

       Additional criteria which are specific to other conditional format types are shown in the
       relevant sections below.

   value
       The "value" is generally used along with the "criteria" parameter to set the rule by which
       the cell data  will be evaluated.

           type     => 'cell',
           criteria => '>',
           value    => 5
           format   => $format,

       The "value" property can also be an cell reference.

           type     => 'cell',
           criteria => '>',
           value    => '$C$1',
           format   => $format,

   format
       The "format" parameter is used to specify the format that will be applied to the cell when
       the conditional formatting criterion is met. The format is created using the
       "add_format()" method in the same way as cell formats:

           $format = $workbook->add_format( bold => 1, italic => 1 );

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => '>',
                   value    => 5
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       The conditional format follows the same rules as in Excel: it is superimposed over the
       existing cell format and not all font and border properties can be modified. Font
       properties that can't be modified are font name, font size, superscript and subscript. The
       border property that cannot be modified is diagonal borders.

       Excel specifies some default formats to be used with conditional formatting. You can
       replicate them using the following Excel::Writer::XLSX formats:

           # Light red fill with dark red text.

           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format(
               bg_color => '#FFC7CE',
               color    => '#9C0006',
           );

           # Light yellow fill with dark yellow text.

           my $format2 = $workbook->add_format(
               bg_color => '#FFEB9C',
               color    => '#9C6500',
           );

           # Green fill with dark green text.

           my $format3 = $workbook->add_format(
               bg_color => '#C6EFCE',
               color    => '#006100',
           );

   minimum
       The "minimum" parameter is used to set the lower limiting value when the "criteria" is
       either 'between' or 'not between':

           validate => 'integer',
           criteria => 'between',
           minimum  => 1,
           maximum  => 100,

   maximum
       The "maximum" parameter is used to set the upper limiting value when the "criteria" is
       either 'between' or 'not between'. See the previous example.

   type => 'date'
       The "date" type is the same as the "cell" type and uses the same criteria and values.
       However it allows the "value", "minimum" and "maximum" properties to be specified in the
       ISO8601 "yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sss" date format which is detailed in the "write_date_time()"
       method.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'date',
                   criteria => 'greater than',
                   value    => '2011-01-01T',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => 'time_period'
       The "time_period" type is used to specify Excel's "Dates Occurring" style conditional
       format.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'time_period',
                   criteria => 'yesterday',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       The period is set in the "criteria" and can have one of the following values:

               criteria => 'yesterday',
               criteria => 'today',
               criteria => 'last 7 days',
               criteria => 'last week',
               criteria => 'this week',
               criteria => 'next week',
               criteria => 'last month',
               criteria => 'this month',
               criteria => 'next month'

   type => 'text'
       The "text" type is used to specify Excel's "Specific Text" style conditional format. It is
       used to do simple string matching using the "criteria" and "value" parameters:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'text',
                   criteria => 'containing',
                   value    => 'foo',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       The "criteria" can have one of the following values:

           criteria => 'containing',
           criteria => 'not containing',
           criteria => 'begins with',
           criteria => 'ends with',

       The "value" parameter should be a string or single character.

   type => 'average'
       The "average" type is used to specify Excel's "Average" style conditional format.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'average',
                   criteria => 'above',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       The type of average for the conditional format range is specified by the "criteria":

           criteria => 'above',
           criteria => 'below',
           criteria => 'equal or above',
           criteria => 'equal or below',
           criteria => '1 std dev above',
           criteria => '1 std dev below',
           criteria => '2 std dev above',
           criteria => '2 std dev below',
           criteria => '3 std dev above',
           criteria => '3 std dev below',

   type => 'duplicate'
       The "duplicate" type is used to highlight duplicate cells in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'duplicate',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => 'unique'
       The "unique" type is used to highlight unique cells in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'unique',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => 'top'
       The "top" type is used to specify the top "n" values by number or percentage in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'top',
                   value    => 10,
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       The "criteria" can be used to indicate that a percentage condition is required:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'top',
                   value    => 10,
                   criteria => '%',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => 'bottom'
       The "bottom" type is used to specify the bottom "n" values by number or percentage in a
       range.

       It takes the same parameters as "top", see above.

   type => 'blanks'
       The "blanks" type is used to highlight blank cells in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'blanks',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => 'no_blanks'
       The "no_blanks" type is used to highlight non blank cells in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'no_blanks',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => 'errors'
       The "errors" type is used to highlight error cells in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'errors',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => 'no_errors'
       The "no_errors" type is used to highlight non error cells in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'no_errors',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

   type => '2_color_scale'
       The "2_color_scale" type is used to specify Excel's "2 Color Scale" style conditional
       format.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A12',
               {
                   type  => '2_color_scale',
               }
           );

       This conditional type can be modified with "min_type", "max_type", "min_value",
       "max_value", "min_color" and "max_color", see below.

   type => '3_color_scale'
       The "3_color_scale" type is used to specify Excel's "3 Color Scale" style conditional
       format.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A12',
               {
                   type  => '3_color_scale',
               }
           );

       This conditional type can be modified with "min_type", "mid_type", "max_type",
       "min_value", "mid_value", "max_value", "min_color", "mid_color" and "max_color", see
       below.

   type => 'data_bar'
       The "data_bar" type is used to specify Excel's "Data Bar" style conditional format.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A12',
               {
                   type  => 'data_bar',
               }
           );

       This conditional type can be modified with "min_type", "max_type", "min_value",
       "max_value" and "bar_color", see below.

   type => 'formula'
       The "formula" type is used to specify a conditional format based on a user defined
       formula:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A4',
               {
                   type     => 'formula',
                   criteria => '=$A$1 > 5',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       The formula is specified in the "criteria".

   min_type, mid_type, max_type
       The "min_type" and "max_type" properties are available when the conditional formatting
       type is "2_color_scale", "3_color_scale" or "data_bar". The "mid_type" is available for
       "3_color_scale". The properties are used as follows:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A12',
               {
                   type      => '2_color_scale',
                   min_type  => 'percent',
                   max_type  => 'percent',
               }
           );

       The available min/mid/max types are:

           num
           percent
           percentile
           formula

   min_value, mid_value, max_value
       The "min_value" and "max_value" properties are available when the conditional formatting
       type is "2_color_scale", "3_color_scale" or "data_bar". The "mid_value" is available for
       "3_color_scale". The properties are used as follows:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A12',
               {
                   type       => '2_color_scale',
                   min_value  => 10,
                   max_value  => 90,
               }
           );

   min_color, mid_color,  max_color, bar_color
       The "min_color" and "max_color" properties are available when the conditional formatting
       type is "2_color_scale", "3_color_scale" or "data_bar". The "mid_color" is available for
       "3_color_scale". The properties are used as follows:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:A12',
               {
                   type      => '2_color_scale',
                   min_color => "#C5D9F1",
                   max_color => "#538ED5",
               }
           );

       The color can be specifies as an Excel::Writer::XLSX color index or, more usefully, as a
       HTML style RGB hex number, as shown above.

   Conditional Formatting Examples
       Example 1. Highlight cells greater than an integer value.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => 'greater than',
                   value    => 5,
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 2. Highlight cells greater than a value in a reference cell.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => 'greater than',
                   value    => '$H$1',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 3. Highlight cells greater than a certain date:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'date',
                   criteria => 'greater than',
                   value    => '2011-01-01T',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 4. Highlight cells with a date in the last seven days:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'time_period',
                   criteria => 'last 7 days',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 5. Highlight cells with strings starting with the letter "b":

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'text',
                   criteria => 'begins with',
                   value    => 'b',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 6. Highlight cells that are 1 std deviation above the average for the range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'average',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 7. Highlight duplicate cells in a range:

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'duplicate',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 8. Highlight unique cells in a range.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'unique',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 9. Highlight the top 10 cells.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'top',
                   value    => 10,
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       Example 10. Highlight blank cells.

           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'A1:F10',
               {
                   type     => 'blanks',
                   format   => $format,
               }
           );

       See also the "conditional_format.pl" example program in "EXAMPLES".

SPARKLINES IN EXCEL

       Sparklines are a feature of Excel 2010+ which allows you to add small charts to worksheet
       cells. These are useful for showing visual trends in data in a compact format.

       In Excel::Writer::XLSX Sparklines can be added to cells using the "add_sparkline()"
       worksheet method:

           $worksheet->add_sparkline(
               {
                   location => 'F2',
                   range    => 'Sheet1!A2:E2',
                   type     => 'column',
                   style    => 12,
               }
           );

       Note: Sparklines are a feature of Excel 2010+ only. You can write them to an XLSX file
       that can be read by Excel 2007 but they won't be displayed.

   add_sparkline( { parameter => 'value', ... } )
       The "add_sparkline()" worksheet method is used to add sparklines to a cell or a range of
       cells.

       The parameters to "add_sparkline()" must be passed in a hash ref. The main sparkline
       parameters are:

           location        (required)
           range           (required)
           type
           style

           markers
           negative_points
           axis
           reverse

       Other, less commonly used parameters are:

           high_point
           low_point
           first_point
           last_point
           max
           min
           empty_cells
           show_hidden
           date_axis
           weight

           series_color
           negative_color
           markers_color
           first_color
           last_color
           high_color
           low_color

       These parameters are explained in the sections below:

   location
       This is the cell where the sparkline will be displayed:

           location => 'F1'

       The "location" should be a single cell. (For multiple cells see "Grouped Sparklines"
       below).

       To specify the location in row-column notation use the "xl_rowcol_to_cell()" function from
       the Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility module.

           use Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility ':rowcol';
           ...
           location => xl_rowcol_to_cell( 0, 5 ), # F1

   range
       This specifies the cell data range that the sparkline will plot:

           $worksheet->add_sparkline(
               {
                   location => 'F1',
                   range    => 'A1:E1',
               }
           );

       The "range" should be a 2D array. (For 3D arrays of cells see "Grouped Sparklines" below).

       If "range" is not on the same worksheet you can specify its location using the usual Excel
       notation:

                   range => 'Sheet1!A1:E1',

       If the worksheet contains spaces or special characters you should quote the worksheet name
       in the same way that Excel does:

                   range => q('Monthly Data'!A1:E1),

       To specify the location in row-column notation use the "xl_range()" or
       "xl_range_formula()" functions from the Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility module.

           use Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility ':rowcol';
           ...
           range => xl_range( 1, 1,  0, 4 ),                   # 'A1:E1'
           range => xl_range_formula( 'Sheet1', 0, 0,  0, 4 ), # 'Sheet1!A2:E2'

   type
       Specifies the type of sparkline. There are 3 available sparkline types:

           line    (default)
           column
           win_loss

       For example:

           {
               location => 'F1',
               range    => 'A1:E1',
               type     => 'column',
           }

   style
       Excel provides 36 built-in Sparkline styles in 6 groups of 6. The "style" parameter can be
       used to replicate these and should be a corresponding number from 1 .. 36.

           {
               location => 'A14',
               range    => 'Sheet2!A2:J2',
               style    => 3,
           }

       The style number starts in the top left of the style grid and runs left to right. The
       default style is 1. It is possible to override colour elements of the sparklines using the
       *_color parameters below.

   markers
       Turn on the markers for "line" style sparklines.

           {
               location => 'A6',
               range    => 'Sheet2!A1:J1',
               markers  => 1,
           }

       Markers aren't shown in Excel for "column" and "win_loss" sparklines.

   negative_points
       Highlight negative values in a sparkline range. This is usually required with "win_loss"
       sparklines.

           {
               location        => 'A21',
               range           => 'Sheet2!A3:J3',
               type            => 'win_loss',
               negative_points => 1,
           }

   axis
       Display a horizontal axis in the sparkline:

           {
               location => 'A10',
               range    => 'Sheet2!A1:J1',
               axis     => 1,
           }

   reverse
       Plot the data from right-to-left instead of the default left-to-right:

           {
               location => 'A24',
               range    => 'Sheet2!A4:J4',
               type     => 'column',
               reverse  => 1,
           }

   weight
       Adjust the default line weight (thickness) for "line" style sparklines.

            weight => 0.25,

       The weight value should be one of the following values allowed by Excel:

           0.25  0.5   0.75
           1     1.25
           2.25
           3
           4.25
           6

   high_point, low_point, first_point, last_point
       Highlight points in a sparkline range.

               high_point  => 1,
               low_point   => 1,
               first_point => 1,
               last_point  => 1,

   max, min
       Specify the maximum and minimum vertical axis values:

               max         => 0.5,
               min         => -0.5,

       As a special case you can set the maximum and minimum to be for a group of sparklines
       rather than one:

               max         => 'group',

       See "Grouped Sparklines" below.

   empty_cells
       Define how empty cells are handled in a sparkline.

           empty_cells => 'zero',

       The available options are:

           gaps   : show empty cells as gaps (the default).
           zero   : plot empty cells as 0.
           connect: Connect points with a line ("line" type  sparklines only).

   show_hidden
       Plot data in hidden rows and columns:

           show_hidden => 1,

       Note, this option is off by default.

   date_axis
       Specify an alternative date axis for the sparkline. This is useful if the data being
       plotted isn't at fixed width intervals:

           {
               location  => 'F3',
               range     => 'A3:E3',
               date_axis => 'A4:E4',
           }

       The number of cells in the date range should correspond to the number of cells in the data
       range.

   series_color
       It is possible to override the colour of a sparkline style using the following parameters:

           series_color
           negative_color
           markers_color
           first_color
           last_color
           high_color
           low_color

       The color should be specified as a HTML style "#rrggbb" hex value:

           {
               location     => 'A18',
               range        => 'Sheet2!A2:J2',
               type         => 'column',
               series_color => '#E965E0',
           }

   Grouped Sparklines
       The "add_sparkline()" worksheet method can be used multiple times to write as many
       sparklines as are required in a worksheet.

       However, it is sometimes necessary to group contiguous sparklines so that changes that are
       applied to one are applied to all. In Excel this is achieved by selecting a 3D range of
       cells for the data "range" and a 2D range of cells for the "location".

       In Excel::Writer::XLSX, you can simulate this by passing an array refs of values to
       "location" and "range":

           {
               location => [ 'A27',          'A28',          'A29'          ],
               range    => [ 'Sheet2!A5:J5', 'Sheet2!A6:J6', 'Sheet2!A7:J7' ],
               markers  => 1,
           }

   Sparkline examples
       See the "sparklines1.pl" and "sparklines2.pl" example programs in the "examples" directory
       of the distro.

TABLES IN EXCEL

       Tables in Excel are a way of grouping a range of cells into a single entity that has
       common formatting or that can be referenced from formulas. Tables can have column headers,
       autofilters, total rows, column formulas and default formatting.

       For more information see "An Overview of Excel Tables"
       <http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/overview-of-excel-tables-HA010048546.aspx>.

       Note, tables don't work in Excel::Writer::XLSX when "set_optimization()" mode in on.

   add_table( $row1, $col1, $row2, $col2, { parameter => 'value', ... })
       Tables are added to a worksheet using the "add_table()" method:

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { %parameters } );

       The data range can be specified in 'A1' or 'row/col' notation (see also the note about
       "Cell notation" for more information):

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7' );
           # Same as:
           $worksheet->add_table(  2, 1, 6, 5 );

       The last parameter in "add_table()" should be a hash ref containing the parameters that
       describe the table options and data. The available parameters are:

               data
               autofilter
               header_row
               banded_columns
               banded_rows
               first_column
               last_column
               style
               total_row
               columns
               name

       The table parameters are detailed below. There are no required parameters and the hash ref
       isn't required if no options are specified.

   data
       The "data" parameter can be used to specify the data in the cells of the table.

           my $data = [
               [ 'Apples',  10000, 5000, 8000, 6000 ],
               [ 'Pears',   2000,  3000, 4000, 5000 ],
               [ 'Bananas', 6000,  6000, 6500, 6000 ],
               [ 'Oranges', 500,   300,  200,  700 ],

           ];

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { data => $data } );

       Table data can also be written separately, as an array or individual cells.

           # These two statements are the same as the single statement above.
           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7' );
           $worksheet->write_col( 'B4', $data );

       Writing the cell data separately is occasionally required when you need to control the
       "write_*()" method used to populate the cells or if you wish to tweak the cell formatting.

       The "data" structure should be an array ref of array refs holding row data as shown above.

   header_row
       The "header_row" parameter can be used to turn on or off the header row in the table. It
       is on by default.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B4:F7', { header_row => 0 } ); # Turn header off.

       The header row will contain default captions such as "Column 1", "Column 2",  etc. These
       captions can be overridden using the "columns" parameter below.

   autofilter
       The "autofilter" parameter can be used to turn on or off the autofilter in the header row.
       It is on by default.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { autofilter => 0 } ); # Turn autofilter off.

       The "autofilter" is only shown if the "header_row" is on. Filters within the table are not
       supported.

   banded_rows
       The "banded_rows" parameter can be used to used to create rows of alternating colour in
       the table. It is on by default.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { banded_rows => 0 } );

   banded_columns
       The "banded_columns" parameter can be used to used to create columns of alternating colour
       in the table. It is off by default.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { banded_columns => 1 } );

   first_column
       The "first_column" parameter can be used to highlight the first column of the table. The
       type of highlighting will depend on the "style" of the table. It may be bold text or a
       different colour. It is off by default.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { first_column => 1 } );

   last_column
       The "last_column" parameter can be used to highlight the last column of the table. The
       type of highlighting will depend on the "style" of the table. It may be bold text or a
       different colour. It is off by default.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { last_column => 1 } );

   style
       The "style" parameter can be used to set the style of the table. Standard Excel table
       format names should be used (with matching capitalisation):

           $worksheet11->add_table(
               'B3:F7',
               {
                   data      => $data,
                   style     => 'Table Style Light 11',
               }
           );

       The default table style is 'Table Style Medium 9'.

   name
       The "name" parameter can be used to set the name of the table.

       By default tables are named "Table1", "Table2", etc. If you override the table name you
       must ensure that it doesn't clash with an existing table name and that it follows Excel's
       requirements for table names.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { name => 'SalesData' } );

       If you need to know the name of the table, for example to use it in a formula, you can get
       it as follows:

           my $table      = $worksheet2->add_table( 'B3:F7' );
           my $table_name = $table->{_name};

   total_row
       The "total_row" parameter can be used to turn on the total row in the last row of a table.
       It is distinguished from the other rows by a different formatting and also with dropdown
       "SUBTOTAL" functions.

           $worksheet->add_table( 'B3:F7', { total_row => 1 } );

       The default total row doesn't have any captions or functions. These must by specified via
       the "columns" parameter below.

   columns
       The "columns" parameter can be used to set properties for columns within the table.

       The sub-properties that can be set are:

           header
           formula
           total_string
           total_function
           format

       The column data must be specified as an array ref of hash refs. For example to override
       the default 'Column n' style table headers:

           $worksheet->add_table(
               'B3:F7',
               {
                   data    => $data,
                   columns => [
                       { header => 'Product' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 1' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 2' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 3' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 4' },
                   ]
               }
           );

       If you don't wish to specify properties for a specific column you pass an empty hash ref
       and the defaults will be applied:

                   ...
                   columns => [
                       { header => 'Product' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 1' },
                       { },                        # Defaults to 'Column 3'.
                       { header => 'Quarter 3' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 4' },
                   ]
                   ...

       Column formulas can by applied using the "formula" column property:

           $worksheet8->add_table(
               'B3:G7',
               {
                   data    => $data,
                   columns => [
                       { header => 'Product' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 1' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 2' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 3' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 4' },
                       {
                           header  => 'Year',
                           formula => '=SUM(Table8[@[Quarter 1]:[Quarter 4]])'
                       },
                   ]
               }
           );

       The Excel 2007 "[#This Row]" and Excel 2010 "@" structural references are supported within
       the formula.

       As stated above the "total_row" table parameter turns on the "Total" row in the table but
       it doesn't populate it with any defaults. Total captions and functions must be specified
       via the "columns" property and the "total_string" and "total_function" sub properties:

           $worksheet10->add_table(
               'B3:F8',
               {
                   data      => $data,
                   total_row => 1,
                   columns   => [
                       { header => 'Product',   total_string   => 'Totals' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 1', total_function => 'sum' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 2', total_function => 'sum' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 3', total_function => 'sum' },
                       { header => 'Quarter 4', total_function => 'sum' },
                   ]
               }
           );

       The supported totals row "SUBTOTAL" functions are:

               average
               count_nums
               count
               max
               min
               std_dev
               sum
               var

       User defined functions or formulas aren't supported.

       Format can also be applied to columns:

           my $currency_format = $workbook->add_format( num_format => '$#,##0' );

           $worksheet->add_table(
               'B3:D8',
               {
                   data      => $data,
                   total_row => 1,
                   columns   => [
                       { header => 'Product', total_string => 'Totals' },
                       {
                           header         => 'Quarter 1',
                           total_function => 'sum',
                           format         => $currency_format,
                       },
                       {
                           header         => 'Quarter 2',
                           total_function => 'sum',
                           format         => $currency_format,
                       },
                   ]
               }
           );

       Standard Excel::Writer::XLSX format objects can be used. However, they should be limited
       to numerical formats. Overriding other table formatting may produce inconsistent results.

FORMULAS AND FUNCTIONS IN EXCEL

   Introduction
       The following is a brief introduction to formulas and functions in Excel and
       Excel::Writer::XLSX.

       A formula is a string that begins with an equals sign:

           '=A1+B1'
           '=AVERAGE(1, 2, 3)'

       The formula can contain numbers, strings, boolean values, cell references, cell ranges and
       functions. Named ranges are not supported. Formulas should be written as they appear in
       Excel, that is cells and functions must be in uppercase.

       Cells in Excel are referenced using the A1 notation system where the column is designated
       by a letter and the row by a number. Columns range from A to XFD i.e. 0 to 16384, rows
       range from 1 to 1048576. The "Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility" module that is included in the
       distro contains helper functions for dealing with A1 notation, for example:

           use Excel::Writer::XLSX::Utility;

           ( $row, $col ) = xl_cell_to_rowcol( 'C2' );    # (1, 2)
           $str = xl_rowcol_to_cell( 1, 2 );              # C2

       The Excel "$" notation in cell references is also supported. This allows you to specify
       whether a row or column is relative or absolute. This only has an effect if the cell is
       copied. The following examples show relative and absolute values.

           '=A1'   # Column and row are relative
           '=$A1'  # Column is absolute and row is relative
           '=A$1'  # Column is relative and row is absolute
           '=$A$1' # Column and row are absolute

       Formulas can also refer to cells in other worksheets of the current workbook. For example:

           '=Sheet2!A1'
           '=Sheet2!A1:A5'
           '=Sheet2:Sheet3!A1'
           '=Sheet2:Sheet3!A1:A5'
           q{='Test Data'!A1}
           q{='Test Data1:Test Data2'!A1}

       The sheet reference and the cell reference are separated by "!" the exclamation mark
       symbol. If worksheet names contain spaces, commas or parentheses then Excel requires that
       the name is enclosed in single quotes as shown in the last two examples above. In order to
       avoid using a lot of escape characters you can use the quote operator "q{}" to protect the
       quotes. See "perlop" in the main Perl documentation. Only valid sheet names that have been
       added using the "add_worksheet()" method can be used in formulas. You cannot reference
       external workbooks.

       The following table lists the operators that are available in Excel's formulas. The
       majority of the operators are the same as Perl's, differences are indicated:

           Arithmetic operators:
           =====================
           Operator  Meaning                   Example
              +      Addition                  1+2
              -      Subtraction               2-1
              *      Multiplication            2*3
              /      Division                  1/4
              ^      Exponentiation            2^3      # Equivalent to **
              -      Unary minus               -(1+2)
              %      Percent (Not modulus)     13%

           Comparison operators:
           =====================
           Operator  Meaning                   Example
               =     Equal to                  A1 =  B1 # Equivalent to ==
               <>    Not equal to              A1 <> B1 # Equivalent to !=
               >     Greater than              A1 >  B1
               <     Less than                 A1 <  B1
               >=    Greater than or equal to  A1 >= B1
               <=    Less than or equal to     A1 <= B1

           String operator:
           ================
           Operator  Meaning                   Example
               &     Concatenation             "Hello " & "World!" # [1]

           Reference operators:
           ====================
           Operator  Meaning                   Example
               :     Range operator            A1:A4               # [2]
               ,     Union operator            SUM(1, 2+2, B3)     # [3]

           Notes:
           [1]: Equivalent to "Hello " . "World!" in Perl.
           [2]: This range is equivalent to cells A1, A2, A3 and A4.
           [3]: The comma behaves like the list separator in Perl.

       The range and comma operators can have different symbols in non-English versions of Excel.
       These may be supported in a later version of Excel::Writer::XLSX. In the meantime European
       users of Excel take note:

           $worksheet->write('A1', '=SUM(1; 2; 3)'); # Wrong!!
           $worksheet->write('A1', '=SUM(1, 2, 3)'); # Okay

       For a general introduction to Excel's formulas and an explanation of the syntax of the
       function refer to the Excel help files or the following:
       <http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/assistance/CH062528031033.aspx>.

       If your formula doesn't work in Excel::Writer::XLSX try the following:

           1. Verify that the formula works in Excel.
           2. Ensure that cell references and formula names are in uppercase.
           3. Ensure that you are using ':' as the range operator, A1:A4.
           4. Ensure that you are using ',' as the union operator, SUM(1,2,3).
           5. If you verify that the formula works in Gnumeric, OpenOffice.org
              or LibreOffice, make sure to note items 2-4 above, since these
              applications are more flexible than Excel with formula syntax.

EXAMPLES

       See Excel::Writer::XLSX::Examples for a full list of examples.

   Example 1
       The following example shows some of the basic features of Excel::Writer::XLSX.

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           # Create a new workbook called simple.xlsx and add a worksheet
           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'simple.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           # The general syntax is write($row, $column, $token). Note that row and
           # column are zero indexed

           # Write some text
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'Hi Excel!' );

           # Write some numbers
           $worksheet->write( 2, 0, 1 );
           $worksheet->write( 3, 0, 1.00000 );
           $worksheet->write( 4, 0, 2.00001 );
           $worksheet->write( 5, 0, 3.14159 );

           # Write some formulas
           $worksheet->write( 7, 0, '=A3 + A6' );
           $worksheet->write( 8, 0, '=IF(A5>3,"Yes", "No")' );

           # Write a hyperlink
           $worksheet->write( 10, 0, 'http://www.perl.com/' );

   Example 2
       The following is a general example which demonstrates some features of working with
       multiple worksheets.

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           # Create a new Excel workbook
           my $workbook = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'regions.xlsx' );

           # Add some worksheets
           my $north = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'North' );
           my $south = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'South' );
           my $east  = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'East' );
           my $west  = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'West' );

           # Add a Format
           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_bold();
           $format->set_color( 'blue' );

           # Add a caption to each worksheet
           for my $worksheet ( $workbook->sheets() ) {
               $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'Sales', $format );
           }

           # Write some data
           $north->write( 0, 1, 200000 );
           $south->write( 0, 1, 100000 );
           $east->write( 0, 1, 150000 );
           $west->write( 0, 1, 100000 );

           # Set the active worksheet
           $south->activate();

           # Set the width of the first column
           $south->set_column( 0, 0, 20 );

           # Set the active cell
           $south->set_selection( 0, 1 );

   Example 3
       Example of how to add conditional formatting to an Excel::Writer::XLSX file. The example
       below highlights cells that have a value greater than or equal to 50 in red and cells
       below that value in green.

           #!/usr/bin/perl

           use strict;
           use warnings;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'conditional_format.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           # This example below highlights cells that have a value greater than or
           # equal to 50 in red and cells below that value in green.

           # Light red fill with dark red text.
           my $format1 = $workbook->add_format(
               bg_color => '#FFC7CE',
               color    => '#9C0006',

           );

           # Green fill with dark green text.
           my $format2 = $workbook->add_format(
               bg_color => '#C6EFCE',
               color    => '#006100',

           );

           # Some sample data to run the conditional formatting against.
           my $data = [
               [ 34, 72,  38, 30, 75, 48, 75, 66, 84, 86 ],
               [ 6,  24,  1,  84, 54, 62, 60, 3,  26, 59 ],
               [ 28, 79,  97, 13, 85, 93, 93, 22, 5,  14 ],
               [ 27, 71,  40, 17, 18, 79, 90, 93, 29, 47 ],
               [ 88, 25,  33, 23, 67, 1,  59, 79, 47, 36 ],
               [ 24, 100, 20, 88, 29, 33, 38, 54, 54, 88 ],
               [ 6,  57,  88, 28, 10, 26, 37, 7,  41, 48 ],
               [ 52, 78,  1,  96, 26, 45, 47, 33, 96, 36 ],
               [ 60, 54,  81, 66, 81, 90, 80, 93, 12, 55 ],
               [ 70, 5,   46, 14, 71, 19, 66, 36, 41, 21 ],
           ];

           my $caption = 'Cells with values >= 50 are in light red. '
             . 'Values < 50 are in light green';

           # Write the data.
           $worksheet->write( 'A1', $caption );
           $worksheet->write_col( 'B3', $data );

           # Write a conditional format over a range.
           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'B3:K12',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => '>=',
                   value    => 50,
                   format   => $format1,
               }
           );

           # Write another conditional format over the same range.
           $worksheet->conditional_formatting( 'B3:K12',
               {
                   type     => 'cell',
                   criteria => '<',
                   value    => 50,
                   format   => $format2,
               }
           );

   Example 4
       The following is a simple example of using functions.

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           # Create a new workbook and add a worksheet
           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'stats.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet( 'Test data' );

           # Set the column width for columns 1
           $worksheet->set_column( 0, 0, 20 );

           # Create a format for the headings
           my $format = $workbook->add_format();
           $format->set_bold();

           # Write the sample data
           $worksheet->write( 0, 0, 'Sample', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 1, 1 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 2, 2 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 3, 3 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 4, 4 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 5, 5 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 6, 6 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 7, 7 );
           $worksheet->write( 0, 8, 8 );

           $worksheet->write( 1, 0, 'Length', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 1, 25.4 );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 2, 25.4 );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 3, 24.8 );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 4, 25.0 );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 5, 25.3 );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 6, 24.9 );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 7, 25.2 );
           $worksheet->write( 1, 8, 24.8 );

           # Write some statistical functions
           $worksheet->write( 4, 0, 'Count', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 4, 1, '=COUNT(B1:I1)' );

           $worksheet->write( 5, 0, 'Sum', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 5, 1, '=SUM(B2:I2)' );

           $worksheet->write( 6, 0, 'Average', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 6, 1, '=AVERAGE(B2:I2)' );

           $worksheet->write( 7, 0, 'Min', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 7, 1, '=MIN(B2:I2)' );

           $worksheet->write( 8, 0, 'Max', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 8, 1, '=MAX(B2:I2)' );

           $worksheet->write( 9, 0, 'Standard Deviation', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 9, 1, '=STDEV(B2:I2)' );

           $worksheet->write( 10, 0, 'Kurtosis', $format );
           $worksheet->write( 10, 1, '=KURT(B2:I2)' );

   Example 5
       The following example converts a tab separated file called "tab.txt" into an Excel file
       called "tab.xlsx".

           #!/usr/bin/perl -w

           use strict;
           use Excel::Writer::XLSX;

           open( TABFILE, 'tab.txt' ) or die "tab.txt: $!";

           my $workbook  = Excel::Writer::XLSX->new( 'tab.xlsx' );
           my $worksheet = $workbook->add_worksheet();

           # Row and column are zero indexed
           my $row = 0;

           while ( <TABFILE> ) {
               chomp;

               # Split on single tab
               my @fields = split( '\t', $_ );

               my $col = 0;
               for my $token ( @fields ) {
                   $worksheet->write( $row, $col, $token );
                   $col++;
               }
               $row++;
           }

       NOTE: This is a simple conversion program for illustrative purposes only. For converting a
       CSV or Tab separated or any other type of delimited text file to Excel I recommend the
       more rigorous csv2xls program that is part of H.Merijn Brand's Text::CSV_XS module distro.

       See the examples/csv2xls link here:
       <http://search.cpan.org/~hmbrand/Text-CSV_XS/MANIFEST>.

   Additional Examples
       The following is a description of the example files that are provided in the standard
       Excel::Writer::XLSX distribution. They demonstrate the different features and options of
       the module. See Excel::Writer::XLSX::Examples for more details.

           Getting started
           ===============
           a_simple.pl             A simple demo of some of the features.
           bug_report.pl           A template for submitting bug reports.
           demo.pl                 A demo of some of the available features.
           formats.pl              All the available formatting on several worksheets.
           regions.pl              A simple example of multiple worksheets.
           stats.pl                Basic formulas and functions.

           Intermediate
           ============
           autofilter.pl           Examples of worksheet autofilters.
           array_formula.pl        Examples of how to write array formulas.
           cgi.pl                  A simple CGI program.
           chart_area.pl           A demo of area style charts.
           chart_bar.pl            A demo of bar (vertical histogram) style charts.
           chart_column.pl         A demo of column (histogram) style charts.
           chart_line.pl           A demo of line style charts.
           chart_pie.pl            A demo of pie style charts.
           chart_radar.pl          A demo of radar style charts.
           chart_scatter.pl        A demo of scatter style charts.
           chart_secondary_axis.pl A demo of a line chart with a secondary axis.
           chart_stock.pl          A demo of stock style charts.
           chart_data_table.pl     A demo of a chart with a data table on the axis.
           chart_data_tools.pl     A demo of charts with data highlighting options.
           colors.pl               A demo of the colour palette and named colours.
           comments1.pl            Add comments to worksheet cells.
           comments2.pl            Add comments with advanced options.
           conditional_format.pl   Add conditional formats to a range of cells.
           data_validate.pl        An example of data validation and dropdown lists.
           date_time.pl            Write dates and times with write_date_time().
           defined_name.pl         Example of how to create defined names.
           diag_border.pl          A simple example of diagonal cell borders.
           filehandle.pl           Examples of working with filehandles.
           headers.pl              Examples of worksheet headers and footers.
           hide_row_col.pl         Example of hiding rows and columns.
           hide_sheet.pl           Simple example of hiding a worksheet.
           hyperlink1.pl           Shows how to create web hyperlinks.
           hyperlink2.pl           Examples of internal and external hyperlinks.
           indent.pl               An example of cell indentation.
           macros.pl               An example of adding macros from an existing file.
           merge1.pl               A simple example of cell merging.
           merge2.pl               A simple example of cell merging with formatting.
           merge3.pl               Add hyperlinks to merged cells.
           merge4.pl               An advanced example of merging with formatting.
           merge5.pl               An advanced example of merging with formatting.
           merge6.pl               An example of merging with Unicode strings.
           mod_perl1.pl            A simple mod_perl 1 program.
           mod_perl2.pl            A simple mod_perl 2 program.
           panes.pl                An examples of how to create panes.
           outline.pl              An example of outlines and grouping.
           outline_collapsed.pl    An example of collapsed outlines.
           protection.pl           Example of cell locking and formula hiding.
           rich_strings.pl         Example of strings with multiple formats.
           right_to_left.pl        Change default sheet direction to right to left.
           sales.pl                An example of a simple sales spreadsheet.
           shape1.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet.
           shape2.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet. With properties.
           shape3.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet. Scaled.
           shape4.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet. With modification.
           shape5.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet. With connections.
           shape6.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet. With connections.
           shape7.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet. One to many connections.
           shape8.pl               Insert shapes in worksheet. One to many connections.
           shape_all.pl            Demo of all the available shape and connector types.
           sparklines1.pl          Simple sparklines demo.
           sparklines2.pl          Sparklines demo showing formatting options.
           stats_ext.pl            Same as stats.pl with external references.
           stocks.pl               Demonstrates conditional formatting.
           tab_colors.pl           Example of how to set worksheet tab colours.
           tables.pl               Add Excel tables to a worksheet.
           write_handler1.pl       Example of extending the write() method. Step 1.
           write_handler2.pl       Example of extending the write() method. Step 2.
           write_handler3.pl       Example of extending the write() method. Step 3.
           write_handler4.pl       Example of extending the write() method. Step 4.
           write_to_scalar.pl      Example of writing an Excel file to a Perl scalar.

           Unicode
           =======
           unicode_2022_jp.pl      Japanese: ISO-2022-JP.
           unicode_8859_11.pl      Thai:     ISO-8859_11.
           unicode_8859_7.pl       Greek:    ISO-8859_7.
           unicode_big5.pl         Chinese:  BIG5.
           unicode_cp1251.pl       Russian:  CP1251.
           unicode_cp1256.pl       Arabic:   CP1256.
           unicode_cyrillic.pl     Russian:  Cyrillic.
           unicode_koi8r.pl        Russian:  KOI8-R.
           unicode_polish_utf8.pl  Polish :  UTF8.
           unicode_shift_jis.pl    Japanese: Shift JIS.

LIMITATIONS

       The following limits are imposed by Excel 2007+:

           Description                          Limit
           -----------------------------------  ------
           Maximum number of chars in a string  32,767
           Maximum number of columns            16,384
           Maximum number of rows               1,048,576
           Maximum chars in a sheet name        31
           Maximum chars in a header/footer     254

           Maximum characters in hyperlink      255
           Maximum number of unique hyperlinks* 65,530

       * Per worksheet. Excel allows a greater number of non-unique hyperlinks if they are
       contiguous and can be grouped into a single range. This will be supported in a later
       version of Excel::Writer::XLSX if possible.

Compatibility with Spreadsheet::WriteExcel

       The "Excel::Writer::XLSX" module is a drop-in replacement for "Spreadsheet::WriteExcel".

       It supports all of the features of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel with some minor differences
       noted below.

           Workbook Methods            Support
           ================            ======
           new()                       Yes
           add_worksheet()             Yes
           add_format()                Yes
           add_chart()                 Yes
           add_shape()                 Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           add_vba_project()           Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           close()                     Yes
           set_properties()            Yes
           define_name()               Yes
           set_tempdir()               Yes
           set_custom_color()          Yes
           sheets()                    Yes
           set_1904()                  Yes
           set_optimization()          Yes. Not required in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           add_chart_ext()             Not supported. Not required in Excel::Writer::XLSX.
           compatibility_mode()        Deprecated. Not required in Excel::Writer::XLSX.
           set_codepage()              Deprecated. Not required in Excel::Writer::XLSX.

           Worksheet Methods           Support
           =================           =======
           write()                     Yes
           write_number()              Yes
           write_string()              Yes
           write_rich_string()         Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           write_blank()               Yes
           write_row()                 Yes
           write_col()                 Yes
           write_date_time()           Yes
           write_url()                 Yes
           write_formula()             Yes
           write_array_formula()       Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           keep_leading_zeros()        Yes
           write_comment()             Yes
           show_comments()             Yes
           set_comments_author()       Yes
           add_write_handler()         Yes
           insert_image()              Yes.
           insert_chart()              Yes
           insert_shape()              Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           insert_button()             Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           data_validation()           Yes
           conditional_formatting()    Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           add_sparkline()             Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           add_table()                 Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           get_name()                  Yes
           activate()                  Yes
           select()                    Yes
           hide()                      Yes
           set_first_sheet()           Yes
           protect()                   Yes
           set_selection()             Yes
           set_row()                   Yes.
           set_column()                Yes.
           set_default_row()           Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           outline_settings()          Yes
           freeze_panes()              Yes
           split_panes()               Yes
           merge_range()               Yes
           merge_range_type()          Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           set_zoom()                  Yes
           right_to_left()             Yes
           hide_zero()                 Yes
           set_tab_color()             Yes
           autofilter()                Yes
           filter_column()             Yes
           filter_column_list()        Yes. Not in Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.
           write_utf16be_string()      Deprecated. Use Perl utf8 strings instead.
           write_utf16le_string()      Deprecated. Use Perl utf8 strings instead.
           store_formula()             Deprecated. See docs.
           repeat_formula()            Deprecated. See docs.
           write_url_range()           Not supported. Not required in Excel::Writer::XLSX.

           Page Set-up Methods         Support
           ===================         =======
           set_landscape()             Yes
           set_portrait()              Yes
           set_page_view()             Yes
           set_paper()                 Yes
           center_horizontally()       Yes
           center_vertically()         Yes
           set_margins()               Yes
           set_header()                Yes
           set_footer()                Yes
           repeat_rows()               Yes
           repeat_columns()            Yes
           hide_gridlines()            Yes
           print_row_col_headers()     Yes
           print_area()                Yes
           print_across()              Yes
           fit_to_pages()              Yes
           set_start_page()            Yes
           set_print_scale()           Yes
           set_h_pagebreaks()          Yes
           set_v_pagebreaks()          Yes

           Format Methods              Support
           ==============              =======
           set_font()                  Yes
           set_size()                  Yes
           set_color()                 Yes
           set_bold()                  Yes
           set_italic()                Yes
           set_underline()             Yes
           set_font_strikeout()        Yes
           set_font_script()           Yes
           set_font_outline()          Yes
           set_font_shadow()           Yes
           set_num_format()            Yes
           set_locked()                Yes
           set_hidden()                Yes
           set_align()                 Yes
           set_rotation()              Yes
           set_text_wrap()             Yes
           set_text_justlast()         Yes
           set_center_across()         Yes
           set_indent()                Yes
           set_shrink()                Yes
           set_pattern()               Yes
           set_bg_color()              Yes
           set_fg_color()              Yes
           set_border()                Yes
           set_bottom()                Yes
           set_top()                   Yes
           set_left()                  Yes
           set_right()                 Yes
           set_border_color()          Yes
           set_bottom_color()          Yes
           set_top_color()             Yes
           set_left_color()            Yes
           set_right_color()           Yes

REQUIREMENTS

       <http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=Archive-Zip/>.

       Perl 5.8.2.

SPEED AND MEMORY USAGE

       "Spreadsheet::WriteExcel" was written to optimise speed and reduce memory usage. However,
       these design goals meant that it wasn't easy to implement features that many users
       requested such as writing formatting and data separately.

       As a result "Excel::Writer::XLSX" takes a different design approach and holds a lot more
       data in memory so that it is functionally more flexible.

       The effect of this is that Excel::Writer::XLSX is about 30% slower than
       Spreadsheet::WriteExcel and uses 5 times more memory.

       In addition the extended row and column ranges in Excel 2007+ mean that it is possible to
       run out of memory creating large files. This was almost never an issue with
       Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.

       This memory usage can be reduced almost completely by using the Workbook
       "set_optimization()" method:

           $workbook->set_optimization();

       This also gives an increase in performance to within 1-10% of Spreadsheet::WriteExcel, see
       below.

       The trade-off is that you won't be able to take advantage of any new features that
       manipulate cell data after it is written. One such feature is Tables.

   Performance figures
       The performance figures below show execution speed and memory usage for 60 columns x N
       rows for a 50/50 mixture of strings and numbers. Percentage speeds are relative to
       Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.

           Excel::Writer::XLSX
                Rows  Time (s)    Memory (bytes)  Rel. Time
                 400      0.66         6,586,254       129%
                 800      1.26        13,099,422       125%
                1600      2.55        26,126,361       123%
                3200      5.16        52,211,284       125%
                6400     10.47       104,401,428       128%
               12800     21.48       208,784,519       131%
               25600     43.90       417,700,746       126%
               51200     88.52       835,900,298       126%

           Excel::Writer::XLSX + set_optimisation()
                Rows  Time (s)    Memory (bytes)  Rel. Time
                 400      0.70            63,059       135%
                 800      1.10            63,059       110%
                1600      2.30            63,062       111%
                3200      4.44            63,062       107%
                6400      8.91            63,062       109%
               12800     17.69            63,065       108%
               25600     35.15            63,065       101%
               51200     70.67            63,065       101%

           Spreadsheet::WriteExcel
                Rows  Time (s)    Memory (bytes)
                 400      0.51         1,265,583
                 800      1.01         2,424,855
                1600      2.07         4,743,400
                3200      4.14         9,411,139
                6400      8.20        18,766,915
               12800     16.39        37,478,468
               25600     34.72        75,044,423
               51200     70.21       150,543,431

DOWNLOADING

       The latest version of this module is always available at:
       <http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=Excel-Writer-XLSX/>.

INSTALLATION

       The module can be installed using the standard Perl procedure:

                   perl Makefile.PL
                   make
                   make test
                   make install    # You may need to be sudo/root

DIAGNOSTICS

       Filename required by Excel::Writer::XLSX->new()
           A filename must be given in the constructor.

       Can't open filename. It may be in use or protected.
           The file cannot be opened for writing. The directory that you are writing to may be
           protected or the file may be in use by another program.

       Can't call method "XXX" on an undefined value at someprogram.pl.
           On Windows this is usually caused by the file that you are trying to create clashing
           with a version that is already open and locked by Excel.

       The file you are trying to open 'file.xls' is in a different format than specified by the
       file extension.
           This warning occurs when you create an XLSX file but give it an xls extension.

WRITING EXCEL FILES

       Depending on your requirements, background and general sensibilities you may prefer one of
       the following methods of getting data into Excel:

       •   Spreadsheet::WriteExcel

           This module is the precursor to Excel::Writer::XLSX and uses the same interface. It
           produces files in the Excel Biff xls format that was used in Excel versions 97-2003.
           These files can still be read by Excel 2007 but have some limitations in relation to
           the number of rows and columns that the format supports.

           Spreadsheet::WriteExcel.

       •   Win32::OLE module and office automation

           This requires a Windows platform and an installed copy of Excel. This is the most
           powerful and complete method for interfacing with Excel.

           Win32::OLE

       •   CSV, comma separated variables or text

           Excel will open and automatically convert files with a "csv" extension.

           To create CSV files refer to the Text::CSV_XS module.

       •   DBI with DBD::ADO or DBD::ODBC

           Excel files contain an internal index table that allows them to act like a database
           file. Using one of the standard Perl database modules you can connect to an Excel file
           as a database.

       For other Perl-Excel modules try the following search:
       <http://search.cpan.org/search?mode=module&query=excel>.

READING EXCEL FILES

       To read data from Excel files try:

       •   Spreadsheet::XLSX

           A module for reading formatted or unformatted data form XLSX files.

           Spreadsheet::XLSX

       •   SimpleXlsx

           A lightweight module for reading data from XLSX files.

           SimpleXlsx

       •   Spreadsheet::ParseExcel

           This module can read  data from an Excel XLS file but it doesn't support the XLSX
           format.

           Spreadsheet::ParseExcel

       •   Win32::OLE module and office automation (reading)

           See above.

       •   DBI with DBD::ADO or DBD::ODBC.

           See above.

       For other Perl-Excel modules try the following search:
       <http://search.cpan.org/search?mode=module&query=excel>.

BUGS

       •   Memory usage is very high for large worksheets.

           If you run out of memory creating large worksheets use the "set_optimization()"
           method. See "SPEED AND MEMORY USAGE" for more information.

       •   Perl packaging programs can't find chart modules.

           When using Excel::Writer::XLSX charts with Perl packagers such as PAR or Cava you
           should explicitly include the chart that you are trying to create in your "use"
           statements. This isn't a bug as such but it might help someone from banging their head
           off a wall:

               ...
               use Excel::Writer::XLSX;
               use Excel::Writer::XLSX::Chart::Column;
               ...

       If you wish to submit a bug report run the "bug_report.pl" program in the "examples"
       directory of the distro.

       The bug tracker is on Github: <https://github.com/jmcnamara/excel-writer-xlsx/issues>.

TO DO

       The roadmap is as follows:

       •   New separated data/formatting API to allow cells to be formatted after data is added.

       •   More charting features.

       •   Excel::Reader::XLSX and Excel::Rewriter::XLSX. Hopefully.

       •   Pivot tables, maybe.

REPOSITORY

       The Excel::Writer::XLSX source code in host on github:
       <http://github.com/jmcnamara/excel-writer-xlsx>.

MAILING LIST

       There is a Google group for discussing and asking questions about Excel::Writer::XLSX.
       This is a good place to search to see if your question has been asked before:
       <http://groups.google.com/group/spreadsheet-writeexcel>.

DONATIONS and SPONSORSHIP

       If you'd care to donate to the Excel::Writer::XLSX project or sponsor a new feature, you
       can do so via PayPal: <http://tinyurl.com/7ayes>.

SEE ALSO

       Spreadsheet::WriteExcel: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-WriteExcel>.

       Spreadsheet::ParseExcel: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-ParseExcel>.

       Spreadsheet::XLSX: <http://search.cpan.org/dist/Spreadsheet-XLSX>.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

       The following people contributed to the debugging, testing or enhancement of
       Excel::Writer::XLSX:

       Rob Messer of IntelliSurvey gave me the initial prompt to port Spreadsheet::WriteExcel to
       the XLSX format. IntelliSurvey (<http://www.intellisurvey.com>) also sponsored large files
       optimisations and the charting feature.

       Bariatric Advantage (<http://www.bariatricadvantage.com>) sponsored work on chart
       formatting.

       Eric Johnson provided the ability to use secondary axes with charts.  Thanks to Foxtons
       (<http://foxtons.co.uk>) for sponsoring this work.

       BuildFax (<http://www.buildfax.com>) sponsored the Tables feature and the Chart point
       formatting feature.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY

       Because this software is licensed free of charge, there is no warranty for the software,
       to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when otherwise stated in writing the
       copyright holders and/or other parties provide the software "as is" without warranty of
       any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied
       warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to
       the quality and performance of the software is with you. Should the software prove
       defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or correction.

       In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing will any copyright
       holder, or any other party who may modify and/or redistribute the software as permitted by
       the above licence, be liable to you for damages, including any general, special,
       incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the
       software (including but not limited to loss of data or data being rendered inaccurate or
       losses sustained by you or third parties or a failure of the software to operate with any
       other software), even if such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of
       such damages.

LICENSE

       Either the Perl Artistic Licence <http://dev.perl.org/licenses/artistic.html> or the GPL
       <http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php>.

AUTHOR

       John McNamara jmcnamara@cpan.org

           Wilderness for miles, eyes so mild and wise
           Oasis child, born and so wild
           Don't I know you better than the rest
           All deception, all deception from you

           Any way you run, you run before us
           Black and white horse arching among us
           Any way you run, you run before us
           Black and white horse arching among us

             -- Beach House

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright MM-MMXIIII, John McNamara.

       All Rights Reserved. This module is free software. It may be used, redistributed and/or
       modified under the same terms as Perl itself.