Provided by: libhtml-mason-perl_1.52-1_all bug

NAME

       HTML::Mason::Subclassing - Documentation on Subclassing Internal Mason classes

VERSION

       version 1.52

DESCRIPTION

       This is the deep voodoo guide, for folks who want to create their own custom subclasses
       for parts of Mason, such as the Request or Interp objects.

Class::Container

       A number of modules in Mason are subclasses of "Class::Container".  This module was
       originally part of the Mason core as "HTML::Mason::Container", but Ken Williams decided to
       release it separately on CPAN.

       It was created to encapsulate some common behaviors for Mason objects such as parameter
       validation and the creation of "contained" objects.

       Basically, any Mason object which takes parameters to its constructor must inherit from
       this module.  Of course, since all of the classes that you might consider subclassing
       already inherit from "Class::Container", you won't need to inherit from it directly.
       However, you may need to use some of its methods.

       So before you go further we highly recommend familiarizing yourself with
       "Class::Container" and its methods.  Also feel free to look at some of the Mason core
       modules to see how "Class::Container" is used within Mason itself.

SUBCLASSABLE CLASSES

       The following classes have been designed with subclassing in mind:

       •   HTML::Mason::Request

           This object is your old friend $m.  The request contains information about the current
           request context, and provides methods for calling other components.

       •   HTML::Mason::Resolver

           The resolver's job is to translate a component paths into an actual component.  Mason
           comes with a single Resolver subclass, "HTML::Mason::Resolver::File", which is used to
           translate component paths into filesystem paths.

       •   HTML::Mason::ComponentSource

           An object of this class represents a component's source.  These objects are
           instantiated by the resolver when it finds a component matching a given path.

       •   HTML::Mason::Lexer

           The lexer is responsible for parsing a component.  Creating a new lexer would allow
           you to change Mason's component syntax.

       •   HTML::Mason::Compiler

           The compiler takes the parsed chunks from the lexer and gives them meaning.  The
           default compiler, "HTML::Mason::Compiler::ToObject", turns a Mason component into a
           Mason "object file", which contains actual Perl code.

       •   HTML::Mason::ApacheHandler

           The ApacheHandler class is the bridge between the mod_perl world and Mason, primarily
           Mason's Interp class.

           It also provides its own "HTML::Mason::Request" and "HTML::Resolver::File" subclasses
           which implement some mod_perl specific behaviors and features.

       •   HTML::Mason::Interp

           The Interp is the core of Mason, and is primarily responsible for making all the other
           objects do their jobs.

CONSTRUCTORS

       If you choose to override the constructor, which is always "new" with Mason objects, that
       you make sure to call the superclass's constructor and that you use the object returned by
       it.  A good boilerplate for an overridden constructor looks something like this:

         sub new
         {
             my $class = shift;

             my $self = $class->SUPER::new(@_);

             $self->_do_some_init;

             return $self;
         }

Request

   What to Subclass?
       One important thing to know about this class is that it is actually several classes.  The
       first, "HTML::Mason::Request", is used when ApacheHandler is not loaded.  The other,
       "HTML::Mason::Request::ApacheHandler", is loaded by ApacheHandler and used to provide some
       mod_perl specific features.  Similar, the CGIHandler class provides its own request
       subclass, "HTML::Mason::Request::CGIHandler".

       It is impossible to know which one of these to subclass at compile time, since it is
       possible that your subclass will be loaded before either ApacheHandler or CGIHandler.

       To handle this, simply call the "alter_superclass()" method in your constructor, like
       this:

         sub new
         {
             my $class = shift;

             $class->alter_superclass( $HTML::Mason::ApacheHandler::VERSION ?
                                       'HTML::Mason::Request::ApacheHandler' :
                                       $HTML::Mason::CGIHandler::VERSION ?
                                       'HTML::Mason::Request::CGI' :
                                       'HTML::Mason::Request' );

             my $self = $class->SUPER::new(@_);

             ...

             return $self;
         }

       It is quite important that you do this as these handler-specific subclasses provide
       important functionality.  The "alter_superclass()" method is implemented in the
       "HTML::Mason::Request" base class, and will do the right thing even in cases of multiple
       inheritance.  It also cooperates with "Class::Container" to make sure that it sees changes
       to the inheritance hierarchy.

   The exec() method
       The "exec" method is called in order to execute a request, and is the method that you are
       most likely to want to override.

       However, if you do override it we suggest that you make sure to call the parent class's
       "exec" method to implement the actual component execution and there is no need for you to
       re-implement them.

       Since the "exec()" method is scalar/list context-sensitive, your "exec" method will need
       to preserve that.  Here is a boilerplate:

         sub exec
         {
             my $self = shift;

             ... # do something cool

             my @r;
             if (wantarray)
             {
                 @r = $self->SUPER::exec(@_);
             }
             else
             {
                 $r[0] = $self->SUPER::exec(@_);
             }

             ... # maybe do some cleanup

             return wantarray ? @r : $r[0];
         }

   Subrequests
       Your custom request class will also be used to implement subrequests, which are
       implemented by calling "exec" just like any other method.  If you only want to do certain
       things in "exec" for the first request, you can simply check the value of
       "$self->is_subrequest".

   Examples
       See the "MasonX::Request::WithApacheSession" module on CPAN.

Resolver and ComponentSource

       The resolver takes a component path and figures out what component that path corresponds
       to.

       All resolver classes must implement two methods, "get_info" and "glob_path".  The first
       takes a component path and returns a new "HTML::Mason::ComponentSource" object.  This
       object contains information about the component, such as its last modified time and its
       source.  See the "HTML::Mason::ComponentSource" documentation for more details.

       You may choose to provide your own ComponentSource subclass as well, if your resolver
       implementation can take advantage of it.

       The "glob_path" method is responsible for translating a component path like /foo/*/bar
       into a list of component paths that match that glob pattern.

Lexer

       The rationale for providing your own lexer would be to extend or replace Mason's syntax.

       The lexer is called by the compiler via its "lex" method.  The arguments it receives are
       the component name, source, and the compiler object.  See the Compiler class documentation
       for details on what methods the lexer can call.

Compiler

       See the Compiler class documentation for details on what methods a subclass of this class
       needs to provide.

       If you simply want to tweak Mason's existing behavior, you will probably want to subclass
       "HTML::Mason::Compiler::ToObject", which is the default Compiler class.  For example, if
       you wanted to do something like make attributes dynamic, you could override the
       "_flags_or_attr()" method in ToObject.

       If you want to drastically change the behavior, you can subclass "HTML::Mason::Compiler"
       instead.  An example of this would be creating a compiler that generates "EmbPerl" or
       "Apache::ASP" as output.

ApacheHandler

       The methods that you are most likely to want to subclass are documented in the
       "ApacheHandler class" documentation.

       Providing an ApacheHandler subclass gives you a chance to do your own client parameter
       parsing, as well as the capability of providing a different way of handling requests.

CGIHandler

       Like the ApacheHandler, you could subclass this module in order to provide your own
       argument processing or to step in and provide a different way to handle requests.

USING SUBCLASSES

       When using your custom subclasses, we recommend that you take advantage of Mason's ability
       to construct subclassed object on the fly.

       For example, if you're subclassed the Interp object, you can still let the ApacheHandler
       object create the Interp object for you, as long as you give it the appropriate
       interp_class parameter.  This is important because Mason may internally set up certain
       defaults for contained objects.  For example, the ApacheHandler, by default, will tell the
       Interp object to use the "HTML::Mason::Request::ApacheHandler" Request subclass.  If you
       create an Interp object manually and you want to use that Interp object with
       ApacheHandler, you'll have to specify the same Request class.

       For example:

         my $interp =
             My::Interp->new
                 ( request_class  => 'HTML::Mason::Request::ApacheHandler',
                   my_new_interp_param => 42,
                 );

         my $ah = HTML::Mason::ApacheHandler->new( interp => $interp );

       It is far easier to simply do this:

         my $ah =
             HTML::Mason::ApacheHandler->new
                 ( interp_class => 'My::Interp',
                   my_new_interp_param => 42,
                 );

       Your new parameter, "my_new_interp_param", will still be passed to the "My::Interp"
       constructor, but this also gives ApacheHandler a chance to set various parameters for the
       Interp object.  Of course, you can still override these defaults explicitly:

         my $ah =
             HTML::Mason::ApacheHandler->new
                 ( interp_class => 'My::Interp',
                   resolver_class => 'My::Resolver'.
                   my_new_interp_param => 42,
                 );

       If you need access to the interp object's methods directly, it will be always be available
       via "$ah->interp".

SEE ALSO

       Mason

AUTHORS

       •   Jonathan Swartz <swartz@pobox.com>

       •   Dave Rolsky <autarch@urth.org>

       •   Ken Williams <ken@mathforum.org>

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

       This software is copyright (c) 2012 by Jonathan Swartz.

       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as
       the Perl 5 programming language system itself.