Provided by: libprima-perl_1.28-1.2_amd64 bug

NAME

       Prima::Drawable - 2-D graphic interface

SYNOPSIS

          if ( $object-> isa('Prima::Drawable')) {
               $object-> begin_paint;
               $object-> color( cl::Black);
               $object-> line( 100, 100, 200, 200);
               $object-> ellipse( 100, 100, 200, 200);
               $object-> end_paint;
          }

DESCRIPTION

       Prima::Drawable is a descendant of Prima::Component.  It provides access to the object-
       bound graphic context and canvas through its methods and properties. The Prima::Drawable
       descendants Prima::Widget, Prima::Image, Prima::DeviceBitmap and Prima::Printer are backed
       by system-dependent routines that allow drawing and painting on the system objects.

USAGE

       Prima::Drawable, as well as its ancestors Prima::Component and Prima::Object, is never
       used directly, because Prima::Drawable class by itself provides only the interface. It
       provides a three-state object access - when drawing and painting is enabled, when these
       are disabled, and the information acquisition state.  By default, the object is created in
       paint-disabled state. To switch to the enabled state, begin_paint() method is used. Once
       in the enabled state, the object drawing and painting methods apply to the object-bound
       canvas.  To return to the disabled state, end_paint() method is called.  The information
       state can be managed by using begin_paint_info() and end_paint_info() methods pair. An
       object cannot be triggered from the information state to the enabled state ( and vice
       versa ) directly.  These states differ on how do they apply to a graphic context and a
       canvas.

   Graphic context and canvas
       The graphic context is the set of variables, that control how exactly graphic primitives
       are rendered. The variable examples are color, font, line width, etc.  Another term used
       here is 'canvas' - the graphic area of a certain extent, bound to the object, where the
       drawing and painting methods are applied to.

       In all three states a graphic context is allowed to be modified, but in different ways.
       In the disabled state the graphic context values form a template values; when a object
       enters the information or the enabled state, the values are preserved, but when the object
       is back to the disabled state, the graphic context is restored to the values last assigned
       before entering new state. The code example below illustrates the idea:

          $d = Prima::Drawable-> create;
          $d-> lineWidth( 5);
          $d-> begin_paint_info;
          # lineWidth is 5 here
          $d-> lineWidth( 1);
          # lineWidth is 1
          $d-> end_paint_info;
          # lineWidth is 5 again

       ( Note: "::region", "::clipRect" and "::translate" properties are exceptions.  They can
       not be used in the disabled state; their values are neither recorded nor used as a
       template).

       That is, in disabled state any Drawable maintains only the graphic context.  To draw on a
       canvas, the object must enter the enabled state by calling begin_paint().  This function
       can be unsuccessful, because the object binds with system resources during this stage, and
       might fail. Only after the enabled state is entered, the canvas is accessible:

          $d = Prima::Image-> create( width => 100, height => 100);
          if ( $d-> begin_paint) {
             $d-> color( cl::Black);
             $d-> bar( 0, 0, $d-> size);
             $d-> color( cl::White);
             $d-> fill_ellipse( $d-> width / 2, $d-> height / 2, 30, 30);
             $d-> end_paint;
          } else {
             die "can't draw on image:$@";
          }

       Different objects are mapped to different types of canvases - Prima::Image canvas pertains
       its content after end_paint(), Prima::Widget maps it to a screen area, which content is of
       more transitory nature, etc.

       The information state is as same as the enabled state, but the changes to a canvas are not
       visible. Its sole purpose is to read, not to write information.  Because begin_paint()
       requires some amount of system resources, there is a chance that a resource request can
       fail, for any reason. The begin_paint_info() requires some resources as well, but usually
       much less, and therefore if only information is desired, it is usually faster and cheaper
       to obtain it inside the information state. A notable example is get_text_width() method,
       that returns the length of a text string in pixels.  It works in both enabled and
       information states, but code

          $d = Prima::Image-> create( width => 10000, height => 10000);
          $d-> begin_paint;
          $x = $d-> get_text_width('A');
          $d-> end_paint;

       is much more 'expensive' than

          $d = Prima::Image-> create( width => 10000, height => 10000);
          $d-> begin_paint_info;
          $x = $d-> get_text_width('A');
          $d-> end_paint_info;

       for the obvious reasons.

       It must be noted that some information methods like get_text_width() work even under the
       disabled state; the object is switched to the information state implicitly if it is
       necessary.

   Color space
       Graphic context and canvas operations rely completely on a system implementation. The
       internal canvas color representation is therefore system-specific, and usually could not
       be described in standard definitions. Often the only information available about color
       space is its color depth.

       Therefore, all color manipulations, including dithering and antialiasing are subject to
       system implementation, and can not be controlled from perl code. When a property is set in
       the object disabled state, it is recorded verbatim; color properties are no exception.
       After the object switched to the enabled state, a color value is transformed to a system
       color representation, which might be different from Prima's. For example, if a display
       color depth is 15 bits, 5 bits for every component, then white color value 0xffffff is
       mapped to

        11111000 11111000 11111000

        --R----- --G----- --B-----
       that equals to 0xf8f8f8, not 0xffffff ( See Prima::gp-problems for inevident graphic
       issues discussion ).

       The Prima::Drawable color format is RRGGBB, with each component resolution of 8 bit, thus
       allowing 2^24 color combinations. If the device color space depth is different, the color
       is truncated or expanded automatically. In case the device color depth is small, dithering
       algorithms might apply.

       Note: not only color properties, but all graphic context properties allow all possible
       values in the disabled state, which transformed into system-allowed values in the enabled
       and the information states.  This feature can be used to test if a graphic device is
       capable of performing certain operations ( for example, if it supports raster operations -
       the printers usually do not ). Example:

         $d-> begin_paint;
         $d-> rop( rop::Or);
         if ( $d-> rop != rop::Or) { # this assertion is always false without
            ...                      # begin_paint/end_paint brackets
         }
         $d-> end_paint;

       There are ( at least ) two color properties on each drawable - "::color" and
       "::backColor". The values they operate are integers in the discussed above RRGGBB format,
       however, the toolkit defines some mnemonic color constants:

         cl::Black
         cl::Blue
         cl::Green
         cl::Cyan
         cl::Red
         cl::Magenta
         cl::Brown
         cl::LightGray
         cl::DarkGray
         cl::LightBlue
         cl::LightGreen
         cl::LightCyan
         cl::LightRed
         cl::LightMagenta
         cl::Yellow
         cl::White
         cl::Gray

       As stated before, it is not unlikely that if a device color depth is small, the primitives
       plotted in particular colors will be drawn with dithered or incorrect colors. This usually
       happens on paletted displays, with 256 or less colors.

       There exists two methods that facilitate the correct color representation.  The first way
       is to get as much information as possible about the device.  The methods
       get_nearest_color() and get_physical_palette() provide possibility to avoid mixed colors
       drawing by obtaining indirect information about solid colors, supported by a device.
       Another method is to use "::palette" property. It works by inserting the colors into the
       system palette, so if an application knows the colors it needs beforehand, it can employ
       this method - however this might result in system palette flash when a window focus
       toggles.

       Both of these methods are applicable both with drawing routines and image output.  An
       image desired to output with least distortion is advised to export its palette to an
       output device, because images usually are not subject to automatic dithering algorithms.
       Prima::ImageViewer module employs this scheme.

   Monochrome bitmaps
       A special case of "put_image" is taken where the object to be drawn is a monochrome
       DeviceBitmap object. This object doesn't possess the color palette, and is by definition a
       bitmap, where there are only two values present, 0s and 1s. When it is drawn, 0s are drawn
       with the color value of the target canvas "color" property, and 1s with "backColor".

       This means that the following code

           $bitmap-> color(0);
           $bitmap-> line(0,0,100,100);
           $target-> color(cl::Green);
           $target-> put_image(0,0,$bitmap);

       produces a green line on $target.

       When using monochrome bitmaps for logical operations, note that target colors should not
       be explicit 0 and 0xffffff, nor "cl::Black" and "cl::White", but "cl::Clear" and "cl::Set"
       instead. The reason is that on paletted displays, system palette may not necessarily
       contain the white color under palette index (2^ScreenDepth-1). "cl::Set" thus signals that
       the value should be "all ones", no matter what color it represents, because it will be
       used for logical operations.

   Fonts
       Prima maintains its own font naming convention, that usually does not conform to system's.
       Since its goal is interoperability, it might be so that some system fonts would not be
       accessible from within the toolkit.

       Prima::Drawable provides property "::font", that accepts/returns a hash, that represents
       the state of a font in the object-bound graphic context.  The font hash keys that are
       acceptable on set-call are:

       name
           The font name string. If there is no such font, a default font name is used. To select
           default font, a 'Default' string can be passed with the same result ( unless the
           system has a font named 'Default', of course).

       height
           An integer value from 1 to MAX_INT. Specifies the desired extent of a font glyph
           between descent and ascent lines in pixels.

       size
           An integer value from 1 to MAX_INT. Specifies the desired extent of a font glyph
           between descent and internal leading lines in points. The relation between "size" and
           "height" is

                       height - internal_leading
             size =  --------------------------- * 72.27
                            resolution

           That differs from some other system representations: Win32, for example, rounds 72.27
           constant to 72.

       width
           A integer value from 0 to MAX_INT. If greater than 0, specifies the desired extent of
           a font glyph width in pixels. If 0, sets the default ( designed ) width corresponding
           to the font size or height.

       style
           A combination of "fs::" ( font style ) constants. The constants hight

              fs::Normal
              fs::Bold
              fs::Thin
              fs::Italic
              fs::Underlined
              fs::StruckOut
              fs::Outline

           and can be OR-ed together to express the font style.  fs::Normal equals to 0 and
           usually never used.  If some styles are not supported by a system-dependent font
           subsystem, they are ignored.

       pitch
           A one of three constants:

              fp::Default
              fp::Fixed
              fp::Variable

           fp::Default specifies no interest about font pitch selection.  fp::Fixed is set when a
           monospaced (all glyphs are of same width) font is desired. fp::Variable pitch
           specifies a font with different glyph widths. This key is of the highest priority; all
           other keys may be altered for the consistency of the pitch key.

       direction
           A counter-clockwise rotation angle - 0 is default, 90 is pi/2, 180 is pi, etc.  If a
           font could not be rotated, it is usually substituted to the one that can.

       encoding
           A string value, one of the strings returned by "Prima::Application::font_encodings".
           Selects desired font encoding; if empty, picks the first matched encoding, preferably
           the locale set up by the user.

           The encodings provided by different systems are different; in addition, the only
           encodings are recognizable by the system, that are represented by at least one font in
           the system.

           Unix systems and the toolkit PostScript interface usually provide the following
           encodings:

              iso8859-1
              iso8859-2
              ... other iso8859 ...
              fontspecific

           Win32 returns the literal strings like

              Western
              Baltic
              Cyrillic
              Hebrew
              Symbol

       A hash that "::font" returns, is a tied hash, whose keys are also available as separate
       properties.  For example,

          $x = $d-> font-> {style};

       is equivalent to

          $x = $d-> font-> style;

       While the latter gives nothing but the arguable coding convenience, its usage in set-call
       is much more usable:

          $d-> font-> style( fs::Bold);

       instead of

          my %temp = %{$d-> font};
          $temp{ style} = fs::Bold;
          $d-> font( \%temp);

       The properties of a font tied hash are also accessible through set() call, like in
       Prima::Object:

          $d-> font-> style( fs::Bold);
          $d-> font-> width( 10);

       is adequate to

          $d-> font-> set(
             style => fs::Bold,
             width => 10,
          );

       When get-called, "::font" property returns a hash where more entries than the described
       above can be found. These keys are read-only, their values are discarded if passed to
       "::font" in a set-call.

       In order to query the full list of fonts available to a graphic device, a "::fonts" method
       is used. This method is not present in Prima::Drawable namespace; it can be found in two
       built-in class instances, "Prima::Application" and "Prima::Printer".

       "Prima::Application::fonts" returns metrics for the fonts available to a screen device,
       while "Prima::Printer::fonts" ( or its substitute Prima::PS::Printer ) returns fonts for
       the printing device. The result of this method is an array of font metrics, fully
       analogous to these returned by "Prima::Drawable::font" method.

       family
           A string with font family name. The family is a secondary string key, used for
           distinguishing between fonts with same name but of different vendors ( for example,
           Adobe Courier and Microsoft Courier).

       vector
           A boolean; true if the font is vector ( e.g. can be scaled with no quality loss ),
           false otherwise. The false value does not show if the font can be scaled at all - the
           behavior is system-dependent. Win32 and OS/2 can scale all non-vector fonts; X11 only
           the fonts specified as the scalable.

       ascent
           Number of pixels between a glyph baseline and descent line.

       descent
           Number of pixels between a glyph baseline and descent line.

       internalLeading
           Number of pixels between ascent and internal leading lines.  Negative if the ascent
           line is below the internal leading line.

       externalLeading
           Number of pixels between ascent and external leading lines.  Negative if the ascent
           line is above the external leading line.

                     ------------- external leading line

                $    ------------- ascent line
               $ $
                     ------------- internal leading line
                $
               $$$
              $   $
             $     $       $
             $$$$$$$    $$$
             $     $   $   $
             $     $   $   $
             $     $    $$$   ---- baseline
                           $
                            $
                            $
                        $$$$  ---- descent line

       weight
           A font designed weight. Can be one of

              fw::UltraLight
              fw::ExtraLight
              fw::Light
              fw::SemiLight
              fw::Medium
              fw::SemiBold
              fw::Bold
              fw::ExtraBold
              fw::UltraBold

           constants.

       maximalWidth
           Maximal extent of a glyph in pixels. Equals to width in monospaced fonts.

       xDeviceRes
           Designed horizontal font resolution in dpi.

       yDeviceRes
           Designed vertical font resolution in dpi.

       firstChar
           Index of the first glyph present in a font.

       lastChar
           Index of the last glyph present in a font.

       breakChar
           Index of the default character used to divide words.  In a typical western language
           font it is 32, ASCII space character.

       defaultChar
           Index of a glyph that is drawn instead of nonexistent glyph if its index is passed to
           the text drawing routines.

   Font ABC metrics
       Besides these characteristics, every font glyph has an ABC-metric, the three integer
       values that describe horizontal extents of a glyph's black part relative to the glyph
       extent:

           .  .     .  .      .  .        .  .
           .  .     $$$.      .  .        .  .
           .  .   $$.  $      .  .        .  .
           .  .   $$.  .      .  .     $$ .  .
           . $$$$$$$$$$.      .  .$$$$$   .  .
           .  .  $$ .  .      .  $    $$  .  .
           .  . $$  .  .      .  .$$$$$   .  .
           .  . $$  .  .      .  .    $$  .  .
           .  .$$   .  .      .  . $$$ $$$.  .
           $$ .$$   .  .      .  $       $$  .
           .$$$     .  .      .  .$$$$$$$$.  .
           .  .     .  .      .  .        .  .
           <A>.     .<C>      <A>.        .<C>
           .<-.--B--.->.      .  .<--B--->.  .

             A = -3                A = 3
             B = 13                B = 10
             C = -3                C = 3

       A and C are negative, if a glyphs 'hangs' over it neighbors, as shown in picture on the
       left. A and C values are positive, if a glyph contains empty space in front or behind the
       neighbor glyphs, like in picture on the right.  As can be seen, B is the width of a
       glyph's black part.

       ABC metrics returned by get_font_abc() method.

   Raster operations
       A drawable has two raster operation properties: "::rop" and "::rop2".  These define how
       the graphic primitives are plotted. "::rop" deals with the foreground color drawing, and
       "::rop2" with the background.

       The toolkit defines the following operations:

          rop::Blackness      #   = 0
          rop::NotOr          #   = !(src | dest)
          rop::NotSrcAnd      #  &= !src
          rop::NotPut         #   = !src
          rop::NotDestAnd     #   = !dest & src
          rop::Invert         #   = !dest
          rop::XorPut         #  ^= src
          rop::NotAnd         #   = !(src & dest)
          rop::AndPut         #  &= src
          rop::NotXor         #   = !(src ^ dest)
          rop::NotSrcXor      #     alias for rop::NotXor
          rop::NotDestXor     #     alias for rop::NotXor
          rop::NoOper         #   = dest
          rop::NotSrcOr       #  |= !src
          rop::CopyPut        #   = src
          rop::NotDestOr      #   = !dest | src
          rop::OrPut          #  |= src
          rop::Whiteness      #   = 1

       Usually, however, graphic devices support only a small part of the above set, limiting
       "::rop" to the most important operations: Copy, And, Or, Xor, NoOp. "::rop2" is usually
       even more restricted - it is only OS/2 system that supports currently rop2 modes others
       than Copy and NoOp.

       The raster operations apply to all graphic primitives except SetPixel.

   Coordinates
       The Prima toolkit employs a geometrical XY grid, where X ascends rightwards and Y ascends
       upwards. There, the (0,0) location is the bottom-left pixel of a canvas.

       All graphic primitives use inclusive-inclusive boundaries.  For example,

          $d-> bar( 0, 0, 1, 1);

       plots a bar that covers 4 pixels: (0,0), (0,1), (1,0) and (1,1).

       The coordinate origin can be shifted using "::translate" property, that translates the
       (0,0) point to the given offset. Calls to "::translate", "::clipRect" and "::region"
       always use the 'physical' (0,0) point, whereas the plotting methods use the transformation
       result, the 'logical' (0,0) point.

       As noted before, these three properties can not be used in when an object is in its
       disabled state.

API

   Graphic context properties
       backColor COLOR
           Reflects background color in the graphic context. All drawing routines that use non-
           solid or transparent fill or line patterns use this property value.

       color COLOR
           Reflects foreground color in the graphic context. All drawing routines use this
           property value.

       clipRect X1, Y1, X2, Y2
           Selects the clipping rectangle corresponding to the physical canvas origin.  On get-
           call, returns the extent of the clipping area, if it is not rectangular, or the
           clipping rectangle otherwise. The code

              $d-> clipRect( 1, 1, 2, 2);
              $d-> bar( 0, 0, 1, 1);

           thus affects only one pixel at (1,1).

           Set-call discards the previous "::region" value.

           Note: "::clipRect" can not be used while the object is in the paint-disabled state,
           its context is neither recorded nor used as a template ( see "Graphic context and
           canvas").

       fillWinding BOOLEAN
           Affect filling style of complex polygonal shapes filled by "fillpoly".  If 1, the
           filled shape contains no holes; otherwise, holes are present where the shape edges
           cross.

           Default value: 0

       fillPattern ( [ @PATTERN ] ) or ( fp::XXX )
           Selects 8x8 fill pattern that affects primitives that plot filled shapes: bar(),
           fill_chord(), fill_ellipse(), fillpoly(), fill_sector(), floodfill().

           Accepts either a "fp::" constant or a reference to an array of 8 integers, each
           representing 8 bits of each line in a pattern, where the first integer is the topmost
           pattern line, and the bit 0x80 is the leftmost pixel in the line.

           There are some predefined patterns, that can be referred via "fp::" constants:

             fp::Empty
             fp::Solid
             fp::Line
             fp::LtSlash
             fp::Slash
             fp::BkSlash
             fp::LtBkSlash
             fp::Hatch
             fp::XHatch
             fp::Interleave
             fp::WideDot
             fp::CloseDot
             fp::SimpleDots
             fp::Borland
             fp::Parquet

           ( the actual patterns are hardcoded in primguts.c ) The default pattern is fp::Solid.

           An example below shows encoding of fp::Parquet pattern:

              # 76543210
                84218421  Hex

              0  $ $   $  51
              1   $   $   22
              2    $ $ $  15
              3 $   $     88
              4  $   $ $  45
              5   $   $   22
              6  $ $ $    54
              7 $   $     88

              $d-> fillPattern([ 0x51, 0x22, 0x15, 0x88, 0x45, 0x22, 0x54, 0x88 ]);

           On a get-call always returns an array, never a "fp::" constant.

       font \%FONT
           Manages font context. FONT hash acceptable values are "name", "height", "size",
           "width", "style" and "pitch".

           Synopsis:

              $d-> font-> size( 10);
              $d-> font-> name( 'Courier');
              $d-> font-> set(
                style => $x-> font-> style | fs::Bold,
                width => 22
              );

           See "Fonts" for the detailed descriptions.

           Applies to text_out(), get_text_width(), get_text_box(), get_font_abc().

       lineEnd VALUE
           Selects a line ending cap for plotting primitives. VALUE can be one of

             le::Flat
             le::Square
             le::Round

             constants. le::Round is the default value.

       lineJoin VALUE
           Selects a line joining style for polygons. VALUE can be one of

             lj::Round
             lj::Bevel
             lj::Miter

           constants. lj::Round is the default value.

       linePattern PATTERN
           Selects a line pattern for plotting primitives.  PATTERN is either a predefined "lp::"
           constant, or a string where each even byte is a length of a dash, and each odd byte is
           a length of a gap.

           The predefined constants are:

               lp::Null           #    ""              /*              */
               lp::Solid          #    "\1"            /* ___________  */
               lp::Dash           #    "\x9\3"         /* __ __ __ __  */
               lp::LongDash       #    "\x16\6"        /* _____ _____  */
               lp::ShortDash      #    "\3\3"          /* _ _ _ _ _ _  */
               lp::Dot            #    "\1\3"          /* . . . . . .  */
               lp::DotDot         #    "\1\1"          /* ............ */
               lp::DashDot        #    "\x9\6\1\3"     /* _._._._._._  */
               lp::DashDotDot     #    "\x9\3\1\3\1\3" /* _.._.._.._.. */

           Not all systems are capable of accepting user-defined line patterns, and in such
           situation the "lp::" constants are mapped to the system-defined patterns. In Win9x,
           for example, lp::DashDotDot is much different from its string definition therefore.

           Default value is lp::Solid.

       lineWidth WIDTH
           Selects a line width for plotting primitives.  If a VALUE is 0, then a 'cosmetic' pen
           is used - the thinnest possible line that a device can plot. If a VALUE is greater
           than 0, then a 'geometric' pen is used - the line width is set in device units.  There
           is a subtle difference between VALUE 0 and 1 in a way the lines are joined.

           Default value is 0.

       palette [ @PALETTE ]
           Selects solid colors in a system palette, as many as possible.  PALETTE is an array of
           integer triplets, where each is R, G and B component. The call

              $d-> palette([128, 240, 240]);

           selects a gray-cyan color, for example.

           The return value from get-call is the content of the previous set-call, not the actual
           colors that were copied to the system palette.

       region OBJECT
           Selects a clipping region applied to all drawing and painting routines.  The OBJECT is
           either undef, then the clip region is erased ( no clip ), or a Prima::Image object
           with a bit depth of 1. The bit mask of OBJECT is applied to the system clipping
           region. If the OBJECT is smaller than the drawable, its exterior is assigned to
           clipped area as well.  Discards the previous "::clipRect" value; successive get-calls
           to "::clipRect" return the boundaries of the region.

           Note: "::region" can not be used while the object is in the paint-disabled state, its
           context is neither recorded nor used as a template ( see "Graphic context and
           canvas").

       resolution X, Y
           A read-only property. Returns horizontal and vertical device resolution in dpi.

       rop OPERATION
           Selects raster operation that applies to foreground color plotting routines.

           See also: "::rop2", "Raster operations".

       rop2 OPERATION
           Selects raster operation that applies to background color plotting routines.

           See also: "::rop", "Raster operations".

       splinePrecision INT
           Selects number of steps to use for each spline segment in "spline" and "fill_spline"
           calls. In other words, determines smoothness of a curve. Minimum accepted value, 1,
           produces straight lines; maximum value is not present, though it is hardly practical
           to set it higher than the output device resolution.

           Default value: 24

       textOpaque FLAG
           If FLAG is 1, then text_out() fills the text background area with "::backColor"
           property value before drawing the text. Default value is 0, when text_out() plots text
           only.

           See get_text_box().

       textOutBaseline FLAG
           If FLAG is 1, then text_out() plots text on a given Y coordinate correspondent to font
           baseline. If FLAG is 0, a Y coordinate is mapped to font descent line. Default is 0.

       translate X_OFFSET, Y_OFFSET
           Translates the origin point by X_OFFSET and Y_OFFSET.  Does not affect "::clipRect"
           and "::region". Not cumulative, so the call sequence

              $d-> translate( 5, 5);
              $d-> translate( 15, 15);

           is equivalent to

              $d-> translate( 15, 15);

           Note: "::translate" can not be used while the object is in the paint-disabled state,
           its context is neither recorded nor used as a template ( see "Graphic context and
           canvas").

   Other properties
       height HEIGHT
           Selects the height of a canvas.

       size WIDTH, HEIGHT
           Selects the extent of a canvas.

       width WIDTH
           Selects the width of a canvas.

   Graphic primitives methods
       arc X, Y, DIAMETER_X, DIAMETER_Y, START_ANGLE, END_ANGLE
           Plots an arc with center in X, Y and DIAMETER_X and DIAMETER_Y axis from START_ANGLE
           to END_ANGLE.

           Context used: color, backColor, lineEnd, linePattern, lineWidth, rop, rop2

       bar X1, Y1, X2, Y2
           Draws a filled rectangle with (X1,Y1) - (X2,Y2) extents.

           Context used: color, backColor, fillPattern, rop, rop2

       chord X, Y, DIAMETER_X, DIAMETER_Y, START_ANGLE, END_ANGLE
           Plots an arc with center in X, Y and DIAMETER_X and DIAMETER_Y axis from START_ANGLE
           to END_ANGLE and connects its ends with a straight line.

           Context used: color, backColor, lineEnd, linePattern, lineWidth, rop, rop2

       clear <X1, Y1, X2, Y2>
           Draws rectangle filled with pure background color with (X1,Y1) - (X2,Y2) extents.  Can
           be called without parameters, in this case fills all canvas area.

           Context used: backColor, rop2

       draw_text CANVAS, TEXT, X1, Y1, X2, Y2, [ FLAGS = dt::Default, TAB_INDENT = 1 ]
           Draws several lines of text one under another with respect to align and break rules,
           specified in FLAGS and TAB_INDENT tab character expansion.

           "draw_text" is a convenience wrapper around "text_wrap" for drawing the wrapped text,
           and also provides the tilde ( ~ )- character underlining support.

           The FLAGS is a combination of the following constants:

             dt::Left                  - text is aligned to the left boundary
             dt::Right                 - text is aligned to the right boundary
             dt::Center                - text is aligned horizontally in center
             dt::Top                   - text is aligned to the upper boundary
             dt::Bottom                - text is aligned to the lower boundary
             dt::VCenter               - text is aligned vertically in center
             dt::DrawMnemonic          - tilde-escapement and underlining is used
             dt::DrawSingleChar        - sets tw::BreakSingle option to
                                         Prima::Drawable::text_wrap call
             dt::NewLineBreak          - sets tw::NewLineBreak option to
                                         Prima::Drawable::text_wrap call
             dt::SpaceBreak            - sets tw::SpaceBreak option to
                                         Prima::Drawable::text_wrap call
             dt::WordBreak             - sets tw::WordBreak option to
                                         Prima::Drawable::text_wrap call
             dt::ExpandTabs            - performs tab character ( \t ) expansion
             dt::DrawPartial           - draws the last line, if it is visible partially
             dt::UseExternalLeading    - text lines positioned vertically with respect to
                                         the font external leading
             dt::UseClip               - assign ::clipRect property to the boundary rectangle
             dt::QueryLinesDrawn       - calculates and returns number of lines drawn
                                         ( contrary to dt::QueryHeight )
             dt::QueryHeight           - if set, calculates and returns vertical extension
                                         of the lines drawn
             dt::NoWordWrap            - performs no word wrapping by the width of the boundaries
             dt::WordWrap              - performs word wrapping by the width of the boundaries
             dt::Default               - dt::NewLineBreak|dt::WordBreak|dt::ExpandTabs|
                                         dt::UseExternalLeading

           Context used: color, backColor, font, rop, textOpaque, textOutBaseline

       ellipse X, Y, DIAMETER_X, DIAMETER_Y
           Plots an ellipse with center in X, Y and DIAMETER_X and DIAMETER_Y axis.

           Context used: color, backColor, linePattern, lineWidth, rop, rop2

       fill_chord X, Y, DIAMETER_X, DIAMETER_Y, START_ANGLE, END_ANGLE
           Fills a chord outline with center in X, Y and DIAMETER_X and DIAMETER_Y axis from
           START_ANGLE to END_ANGLE (see chord()).

           Context used: color, backColor, fillPattern, rop, rop2

       fill_ellipse X, Y, DIAMETER_X, DIAMETER_Y
           Fills an elliptical outline with center in X, Y and DIAMETER_X and DIAMETER_Y axis.

           Context used: color, backColor, fillPattern, rop, rop2

       fillpoly \@POLYGON
           Fills a polygonal area defined by POLYGON set of points.  POLYGON must present an
           array of integer pair in (X,Y) format.  Example:

              $d-> fillpoly([ 0, 0, 15, 20, 30, 0]); # triangle

           Context used: color, backColor, fillPattern, rop, rop2, fillWinding

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

           See also: polyline().

       fill_sector X, Y, DIAMETER_X, DIAMETER_Y, START_ANGLE, END_ANGLE
           Fills a sector outline with center in X, Y and DIAMETER_X and DIAMETER_Y axis from
           START_ANGLE to END_ANGLE (see sector()).

           Context used: color, backColor, fillPattern, rop, rop2

       fill_spline \@POLYGON
           Fills a polygonal area defined by a curve, projected by applying cubic spline
           interpolation to POLYGON set of points.  Number of vertices between each polygon
           equals to current value of "splinePrecision" property.  POLYGON must present an array
           of integer pair in (X,Y) format.  Example:

              $d-> fill_spline([ 0, 0, 15, 20, 30, 0]);

           Context used: color, backColor, fillPattern, rop, rop2, splinePrecision

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

           See also: spline, splinePrecision, render_spline

       flood_fill X, Y, COLOR, SINGLEBORDER = 1
           Fills an area of the canvas in current fill context.  The area is assumed to be
           bounded as specified by the SINGLEBORDER parameter.  SINGLEBORDER can be 0 or 1.

           SINGLEBORDER = 0: The fill area is bounded by the color specified by the COLOR
           parameter.

           SINGLEBORDER = 1: The fill area is defined by the color that is specified by COLOR.
           Filling continues outward in all directions as long as the color is encountered. This
           style is useful for filling areas with multicolored boundaries.

           Context used: color, backColor, fillPattern, rop, rop2

       line X1, Y1, X2, Y2
           Plots a straight line from (X1,Y1) to (X2,Y2).

           Context used: color, backColor, linePattern, lineWidth, rop, rop2

       lines \@LINES
           LINES is an array of integer quartets in format (X1,Y1,X2,Y2).  lines() plots a
           straight line per quartet.

           Context used: color, backColor, linePattern, lineWidth, rop, rop2

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

       pixel X, Y, <COLOR>
           ::pixel is a property - on set-call it changes the pixel value at (X,Y) to COLOR, on
           get-call ( without COLOR ) it does return a pixel value at (X,Y).

           No context is used.

       polyline \@POLYGON
           Draws a polygonal area defined by POLYGON set of points.  POLYGON must present an
           array of integer pair in (X,Y) format.

           Context used: color, backColor, linePattern, lineWidth, lineJoin, lineEnd, rop, rop2

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

           See also: fillpoly().

       put_image X, Y, OBJECT, [ ROP ]
           Draws an OBJECT at coordinates (X,Y). OBJECT must be Prima::Image, Prima::Icon or
           Prima::DeviceBitmap. If ROP raster operation is specified, it is used. Otherwise,
           value of "::rop" property is used.

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

           Context used: rop; color and backColor for a monochrome DeviceBitmap

       put_image_indirect OBJECT, X, Y, X_FROM, Y_FROM, DEST_WIDTH, DEST_HEIGHT, SRC_WIDTH,
       SRC_HEIGHT, ROP
           Copies a OBJECT from a source rectangle into a destination rectangle, stretching or
           compressing the OBJECT to fit the dimensions of the destination rectangle, if
           necessary.  The source rectangle starts at (X_FROM,Y_FROM), and is SRC_WIDTH pixels
           wide and SRC_HEIGHT pixels tall.  The destination rectangle starts at (X,Y), and is
           abs(DEST_WIDTH) pixels wide and abs(DEST_HEIGHT) pixels tall.  If DEST_WIDTH or
           DEST_HEIGHT are negative, a mirroring by respective axis is performed.

           OBJECT must be Prima::Image, Prima::Icon or Prima::DeviceBitmap.

           No context is used, except color and backColor for a monochrome DeviceBitmap

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

       rect3d X1, Y1, X2, Y2, WIDTH, LIGHT_COLOR, DARK_COLOR, [ BACK_COLOR ]
           Draws 3d-shaded rectangle in boundaries X1,Y1 - X2,Y2 with WIDTH line width and
           LIGHT_COLOR and DARK_COLOR colors. If BACK_COLOR is specified, paints an inferior
           rectangle with it, otherwise the inferior rectangle is not touched.

           Context used: rop; color and backColor for a monochrome DeviceBitmap

       rect_focus X1, Y1, X2, Y2, [ WIDTH = 1 ]
           Draws a marquee rectangle in boundaries X1,Y1 - X2,Y2 with WIDTH line width.

           No context is used.

       rectangle X1, Y1, X2, Y2
           Plots a rectangle with (X1,Y1) - (X2,Y2) extents.

           Context used: color, backColor, linePattern, lineWidth, rop, rop2

       sector X, Y, DIAMETER_X, DIAMETER_Y, START_ANGLE, END_ANGLE
           Plots an arc with center in X, Y and DIAMETER_X and DIAMETER_Y axis from START_ANGLE
           to END_ANGLE and connects its ends and (X,Y) with two straight lines.

           Context used: color, backColor, lineEnd, linePattern, lineWidth, rop, rop2

       spline \@POLYGON
           Draws a cubic spline defined by set of POLYGON points.  Number of vertices between
           each polygon equals to current value of "splinePrecision" property.  POLYGON must
           present an array of integer pair in (X,Y) format.

           Context used: color, backColor, linePattern, lineWidth, lineEnd, rop, rop2

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

           See also: fill_spline, splinePrecision, render_spline.

       stretch_image X, Y, DEST_WIDTH, DEST_HEIGHT, OBJECT, [ ROP ]
           Copies a OBJECT into a destination rectangle, stretching or compressing the OBJECT to
           fit the dimensions of the destination rectangle, if necessary.  If DEST_WIDTH or
           DEST_HEIGHT are negative, a mirroring is performed.  The destination rectangle starts
           at (X,Y) and is DEST_WIDTH pixels wide and DEST_HEIGHT pixels tall.

           If ROP raster operation is specified, it is used. Otherwise, value of "::rop" property
           is used.

           OBJECT must be Prima::Image, Prima::Icon or Prima::DeviceBitmap.

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

           Context used: rop

       text_out TEXT, X, Y
           Draws TEXT string at (X,Y).

           Returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.

           Context used: color, backColor, font, rop, textOpaque, textOutBaseline

   Methods
       begin_paint
           Enters the enabled ( active paint ) state, returns success flag; if failed, $@
           contains the error.  Once the object is in enabled state, painting and drawing methods
           can perform write operations on a canvas.

           See also: "end_paint", "begin_paint_info", "Graphic context and canvas"

       begin_paint_info
           Enters the information state, returns success flag; if failed, $@ contains the error.
           The object information state is same as enabled state ( see "begin_paint"), except
           painting and drawing methods do not change the object canvas.

           See also: "end_paint_info", "begin_paint", "Graphic context and canvas"

       end_paint
           Exits the enabled state and returns the object to a disabled state.

           See also: "begin_paint", "Graphic context and canvas"

       end_paint_info
           Exits the information state and returns the object to a disabled state.

           See also: "begin_paint_info", "Graphic context and canvas"

       font_match \%SOURCE, \%DEST, PICK = 1
           Performs merging of two font hashes, SOURCE and DEST.  Returns the merge result. If
           PICK is true, matches the result with a system font repository.

           Called implicitly by "::font" on set-call, allowing the following example to work:

              $d-> font-> set( size => 10);
              $d-> font-> set( style => fs::Bold);

           In the example, the hash 'style => fs::Bold' does not overwrite the previous font
           context ( 'size => 10' ) but gets added to it ( by font_match()), providing the
           resulting font with both font properties set.

       fonts <FAMILY = "", ENCODING = "">
           Member of "Prima::Application" and "Prima::Printer", does not present in
           "Prima::Drawable".

           Returns an array of font metric hashes for a given font FAMILY and ENCODING.  Every
           hash has full set of elements described in "Fonts".

           If called without parameters, returns an array of same hashes where each hash
           represents a member of font family from every system font set. It this special case,
           each font hash contains additional "encodings" entry, which points to an array of
           encodings available for the font.

           If called with FAMILY parameter set but no ENCODING is set, enumerates all
           combinations of fonts with all available encodings.

           If called with FAMILY set to an empty string, but ENCODING specified, returns only
           fonts that can be displayed with the encoding.

           Example:

             print sort map {"$_->{name}\n"} @{$::application-> fonts};

       get_bpp
           Returns device color depth. 1 is for black-and-white monochrome, 24 for true color,
           etc.

       get_font_abc FIRST_CHAR = -1, LAST_CHAR = -1, UNICODE = 0
           Returns ABC font metrics for the given range, starting at FIRST_CHAR and ending with
           LAST_CHAR. If parameters are -1, the default range ( 0 and 255 ) is assumed. UNICODE
           boolean flag is responsible of representation of characters in 127-255 range.  If 0,
           the default, encoding-dependent characters are assumed.  If 1, the U007F-U00FF glyphs
           from Latin-1 set are used.

           The result is an integer array reference, where every character glyph is referred by
           three integers, each triplet containing A, B and C values.

           For detailed explanation of ABC meaning, see "Font ABC metrics";

           Context used: font

       get_nearest_color COLOR
           Returns a nearest possible solid color in representation of object-bound graphic
           device. Always returns same color if the device bit depth is equals or greater than
           24.

       get_paint_state
           Returns paint state value - 0 if the object is in the disabled state, 1 for the
           enabled state, 2 for the information state.

       get_physical_palette
           Returns an anonymous array of integers, in (R,G,B) format, every color entry described
           by three values, in range 0 - 255.

           The physical palette array is non-empty only on paletted graphic devices, the true
           color devices return an empty array.

           The physical palette reflects the solid colors currently available to all programs in
           the system. The information is volatile if the system palette can change colors, since
           any other application may change the system colors at any moment.

       get_text_width TEXT, ADD_OVERHANG = 0
           Returns TEXT string width if it would be drawn using currently selected font.

           If ADD_OVERHANG is 1, the first character's absolute A value and the last character's
           absolute C value are added to the string if they are negative.

           See more on ABC values at "Font ABC metrics".

           Context used: font

       get_text_box TEXT
           Returns TEXT string extensions if it would be drawn using currently selected font.

           The result is an anonymous array of 5 points ( 5 integer pairs in (X,Y) format). These
           5 points are offsets for the following string extents, given the string is plotted at
           (0,0):

           1: start of string at ascent line ( top left )

           2: start of string at descent line ( bottom left )

           3: end of string at ascent line ( top right )

           4: end of string at descent line ( bottom right )

           5: concatenation point

           The concatenation point coordinates (XC,YC) are coordinated passed to consequent
           text_out() call so the conjoint string would plot as if it was a part of TEXT.
           Depending on the value of the "textOutBaseline" property, the concatenation point is
           located either on the baseline or on the descent line.

           Context used: font, textOutBaseline

                 1      3         3         4
                    **               ****
                      *               *  *
                    ***               ***
                   *  *               *
                    ****               **
                 2       4         1        2

       render_spline VERTICES, [ PRECISION ]
           Renders cubic spline from set of VERTICES to a polyline with given precision.  The
           method can be called as static, i.e.  with no object initialized. PRECISION integer,
           if not given, is read from "splinePrecision" property if the method was called on an
           alive object; in case of static call, default value 24 is used.

           The method is internally used by "spline" and "fill_spline", and is provided for cases
           when these are insufficient.

       text_wrap TEXT, WIDTH, OPTIONS, TAB_INDENT = 8
           Breaks TEXT string in chunks that would fit into WIDTH pixels wide box.

           The break algorithm and its result are governed by OPTIONS integer value which is a
           combination of "tw::" constants:

           tw::CalcMnemonic
               Use 'hot key' semantics, when a character preceded by ~ has special meaning - it
               gets underlined. If this bit is set, the first tilde character used as an
               escapement is not calculated, and never appeared in the result apart from the
               escaped character.

           tw::CollapseTilde
               In addition to tw::CalcMnemonic, removes '~' character from the resulting chunks.

           tw::CalcTabs
               If set, calculates a tab ('\t') character as TAB_INDENT times space characters.

           tw::ExpandTabs
               If set, expands tab ('\t') character as TAB_INDENT times space characters.

           tw::BreakSingle
               Defines procedure behavior when the text cannot be fit in WIDTH, does not affect
               anything otherwise.

               If set, returns an empty array.  If unset, returns a text broken by minimum number
               of characters per chunk.  In the latter case, the width of the resulting text
               blocks will exceed WIDTH.

           tw::NewLineBreak
               Forces new chunk after a newline character ('\n') is met.  If UTF8 text is passed,
               unicode line break characters 0x2028 and 0x2029 produce same effect as the newline
               character.

           tw::SpaceBreak
               Forces new chunk after a space character (' ') or a tab character ('\t') are met.

           tw::ReturnChunks
               Defines the result of text_wrap() function.

               If set, the array consists of integer pairs, each consists of a text offset within
               TEXT and a its length.

               If unset, the resulting array consists from text chunks.

           tw::ReturnLines
               Equals to 0, is a mnemonic to an unset tw::ReturnChunks.

           tw::WordBreak
               If unset, the TEXT breaks as soon as the chunk width exceeds WIDTH.  If set, tries
               to keep words in TEXT so they do not appear in two chunks, e.g. keeps breaking
               TEXT by words, not by characters.

           tw::ReturnFirstLineLength
               If set, "text_wrap" proceeds until the first line is wrapped, either by width or (
               if specified ) by break characters. Returns length of the resulting line. Used for
               efficiency when the reverse function to "get_text_width" is needed.

           If OPTIONS has tw::CalcMnemonic or tw::CollapseTilde bits set, then the last scalar in
           the array result is a special hash reference.  The hash contains extra information
           regarding the 'hot key' underline position - it is assumed that '~' - escapement
           denotes an underlined character. The hash contains the following keys:

           tildeLine
               Chunk index that contains the escaped character.  Set to undef if no ~ -
               escapement was found.  The other hash information is not relevant in this case.

           tildeStart
               Horizontal offset of a beginning of the line that underlines the escaped
               character.

           tildeEnd
               Horizontal offset of an end of the line that underlines the escaped character.

           tildeChar
               The escaped character.

           Context used: font

AUTHOR

       Dmitry Karasik, <dmitry@karasik.eu.org>.

SEE ALSO

       Prima, Prima::Object, Prima::Image