Provided by: libvm-ec2-perl_1.23-1_all bug

NAME

       VM::EC2::Instance::Metadata - Object describing the metadata of a running instance

SYNOPSIS

        # For use within a running EC2 instance only!

        use VM::EC2::Instance::Metadata;
        my $meta = VM::EC2::Instance::Metadata->new;

        # alternatively...
        my $meta = VM::EC2->instance_metadata;
        my $meta = $instance->metadata;

        # image information
        $image_id  = $meta->imageId;
        $index     = $meta->imageLaunchIndex;
        $path      = $meta->amiManifestPath;
        $location  = $meta->imageLocation;    # same as previous
        @ancestors = $meta->ancestorAmiIds;
        @ancestors = $meta->imageAncestorIds; # same as previous
        @codes     = $meta->productCodes;

        # launch and runtime information
        $inst_id   = $meta->instanceId;
        $kern_id   = $meta->kernelId;
        $rd_id     = $meta->ramdiskId;
        $res_id    = $meta->reservationId;
        $type      = $meta->instanceType;
        $zone      = $meta->availabilityZone;
        $userdata  = $meta->userData;
        @groups    = $meta->securityGroups;
        @keys      = $meta->publicKeys;
        $block_dev = $meta->blockDeviceMapping; # a hashref

        # Network information
        $priv_name = $meta->localHostname;
        $priv_name = $meta->privateDnsName;   # same as previous
        $priv_ip   = $meta->localIpv4;
        $priv_ip   = $meta->privateIpAddress;
        $mac       = $meta->mac;
        $pub_name  = $meta->publicHostname;
        $pub_name  = $meta->dnsName;          # same as previous
        $pub_ip    = $meta->publicIpv4;
        $pub_ip    = $meta->ipAddress;
        $interfaces= $meta->interfaces;       # a hashref

        # IAM information
        $iam_info   = $metadata->iam_info;         # a hashref
        $iam_role   = $metadata->iam_role;         # name of the role
        $credentials= $metadata->iam_credentials;  # VM::EC2::Security::Credentials object

        # Undocumented fields
        $action    = $meta->instanceAction;
        $profile   = $meta->profile;

DESCRIPTION

       This is an interface to the metadata that is provided to a running instance via the
       http://169.254.169.254/latest URL, as described in
       http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/index.html?instancedata-data-categories.html.

       Each metadata object caches its values, so there is no overhead in calling a method
       repeatedly. Methods return scalar values, lists and hashrefs as appropriate.

       The methods from this class should only be called within the context of a running EC2
       instance. Attempts to call outside of this context will result in long delays as the
       module attempts to connect to an invalid hostname.

METHODS

   $meta = VM::EC2::Instance::Metadata->new()
   $meta = $ec2->instance_metadata()
   $meta = $instance->metadata()
       You can create a new metadata object either using this class's new() constructor, or by
       calling an VM::EC2 object's instance_metadata() method, or by calling a VM::EC2::Instance
       object's metadata () method.

   Methods that return scalar values
       The following methods all return single-valued results:

       Image information:
            imageId                -- ID of AMI used to launch this instance
            imageLaunchIndex       -- This index's launch index. If four instances
                                      were launched by one $image->run_instances()
                                      call, they will be numbered from 0 to 3.
            amiManifestPath        -- S3 path to the image
            imageLocation          -- Same as amiManifestPath(), for consistency with
                                      VM::EC2::Image

       Launch and runtime information:
            instanceId             -- ID of this instance
            kernelId               -- ID of this instance's kernel.
            ramdiskId              -- This instance's ramdisk ID
            reservationId          -- This instance's reservation ID
            instanceType           -- Machine type, e.g. "m1.small"
            availabilityZone       -- This instance's availability zone.
            region                 -- This instance's region.
            endpoint               -- This instance's endpoint.
            userData               -- User data passed at launch time.

       Network information:
            localHostname          -- The instance hostname corresponding to its
                                      internal EC2 IP address.
            privateDnsName         -- Same as localHostname(), for consistency with
                                      VM::EC2::Instance
            localIpv4              -- The instance IP address on the internal EC2 network.
            privateIpAddress       -- Same as localIpv4(), for consistency with
                                      VM::EC2::Instance.
            mac                    -- This instance's MAC (ethernet) address.
            publicHostname         -- This instance's public hostname.
            dnsName                -- Same as publicHostname() for consistency with
                                      VM::EC2::Instance.
            publicIpv4             -- This instance's public IP address.
            ipAddress              -- Same as publicIpv4() for consistency with
                                      VM::EC2::Instance.

       IAM information
           These routines return information about the instance's IAM role, if any. These calls
           also provide a temporary security credentials for making EC2 calls, as described here:
           http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/UsingIAM.html.

           Note that these routines require installation of the perl JSON module, and will cause
           a fatal error if this module cannot be loaded.

            iam_info               -- Returns a hash containing the fields 'LastUpdated',
                                      'InstanceProfileArn', and 'InstanceProfileId'. These
                                      provide information about the instance's IAM role.
            iam_role               -- Returns the IAM role name for the currently running
                                      instance.
            iam_credentials        -- Returns a VM::EC2::Security::Credentials object that can
                                      be passed to VM::EC2->new(-security_token=>$credentials).

       Unknown information:
            profile                -- An undocumented field that contains the virtualization
                                      type in the form "default-paravirtual".
            instanceAction         -- Undocumented metadata field named "instance-action"

   Methods that return lists
       The following methods all return lists.

       Image information
            ancestorAmiIds        -- List of  AMIs from which the current one was derived
            imageAncestorIds      -- Same as ancestorAmiIds() but easier to read.
            productCodes          -- List of product codes applying to the image from which
                                     this instance was launched.

       Launch and runtime information
            securityGroups        -- List of security groups to which this instance is assigned.
                                     For non-VPC instances, this will be the security group
                                     name. For VPC instances, this will be the security group ID.
            publicKeys            -- List of public key pair names attached to this instance.

   Methods that return a hashref
       The following methods return a hashref for representing complex data structures:

       $devices = $meta->blockDeviceMapping
           This returns a hashref in which the keys are the names of instance block devices, such
           as "/dev/sda1", and the values are the EC2 virtual machine names. For example:

            x $meta->blockDeviceMapping
            0  HASH(0x9b4f2f8)
              '/dev/sda1' => 'root'
              '/dev/sda2' => 'ephemeral0'
              '/dev/sdg' => 'ebs1'
              '/dev/sdh' => 'ebs9'
              '/dev/sdi' => 'ebs10'
              'sda3' => 'swap'

           For reasons that are not entirely clear, the swap device is reported as "sda3" rather
           than as "/dev/sda3".

       $interfaces = $meta->interfaces
           Returns a mapping of all virtual ethernet devices owned by this instance. This is
           primarily useful for VPC instances, which can have more than one device. The hash keys
           are the MAC addresses of each ethernet device, and the values are hashes that have the
           following keys:

            mac
            localHostname
            localIpv4s        (an array ref)
            publicIpv4s       (an array ref)
            securityGroupIds  (an array ref)
            subnetId
            subnetIpv4CidrBlock
            vpcId
            vpcIpv4CidrBlock

           For example:

                                                                                                                                                D
            x $meta->interfaces
            0 HASH(0x9b4f518)
              '12:31:38:01:b8:97' => HASH(0x9eaa090)
                 'localHostname' => 'domU-12-31-38-01-B8-97.compute-1.internal'
                 'localIpv4s' => ARRAY(0x9b4f8a8)
                    0  '10.253.191.101'
                 'mac' => '12:31:38:01:b8:97'
                 'publicIpv4s' => ARRAY(0x9ea9e40)
                    0  '184.73.241.210'
                 'securityGroupIds' => ARRAY(0x9eaa490)
                      empty array
                 'subnetId' => undef
                 'subnetIpv4CidrBlock' => undef
                 'vpcId' => undef
                 'vpcIpv4CidrBlock' => undef

SEE ALSO

       VM::EC2 VM::EC2::Generic VM::EC2::BlockDevice VM::EC2::State::Reason VM::EC2::State
       VM::EC2::Instance VM::EC2::Tag

AUTHOR

       Lincoln Stein <lincoln.stein@gmail.com>.

       Copyright (c) 2011 Ontario Institute for Cancer Research

       This package and its accompanying libraries is free software; you can redistribute it
       and/or modify it under the terms of the GPL (either version 1, or at your option, any
       later version) or the Artistic License 2.0.  Refer to LICENSE for the full license text.
       In addition, please see DISCLAIMER.txt for disclaimers of warranty.