Provided by: erlang-manpages_16.b.3-dfsg-1ubuntu2.2_all 
NAME
ftp - A File Transfer Protocol client
DESCRIPTION
The ftp module implements a client for file transfer according to a subset of the File
Transfer Protocol (see 959).
Starting from inets version 4.4.1 the ftp client will always try to use passive ftp mode
and only resort to active ftp mode if this fails. There is a start option mode where this
default behavior may be changed.
There are two ways to start an ftp client. One is using the Inets service framework and
the other is to start it directy as a standalone process using the open function.
For a simple example of an ftp session see Inets User's Guide.
In addition to the ordinary functions for receiving and sending files (see recv/2, recv/3,
send/2 and send/3) there are functions for receiving remote files as binaries (see
recv_bin/2) and for sending binaries to to be stored as remote files (see send_bin/3).
There is also a set of functions for sending and receiving contiguous parts of a file to
be stored in a remote file (for send see send_chunk_start/2, send_chunk/2 and
send_chunk_end/1 and for receive see recv_chunk_start/2 and recv_chunk/).
The particular return values of the functions below depend very much on the implementation
of the FTP server at the remote host. In particular the results from ls and nlist varies.
Often real errors are not reported as errors by ls, even if for instance a file or
directory does not exist. nlist is usually more strict, but some implementations have the
peculiar behaviour of responding with an error, if the request is a listing of the
contents of directory which exists but is empty.
FTP CLIENT SERVICE START/STOP
The FTP client can be started and stopped dynamically in runtime by calling the Inets
application API inets:start(ftpc, ServiceConfig), or inets:start(ftpc, ServiceConfig,
How), and inets:stop(ftpc, Pid). See inets(3erl) for more info.
Below follows a description of the available configuration options.
{host, Host}:
Host = string() | ip_address()
{port, Port}:
Port = integer() > 0
Default is 21.
{mode, Mode}:
Mode = active | passive
Default is passive.
{verbose, Verbose}:
Verbose = boolean()
This determines if the FTP communication should be verbose or not.
Default is false.
{debug, Debug}:
Debug = trace | debug | disable
Debugging using the dbg toolkit.
Default is disable.
{ipfamily, IpFamily}:
IpFamily = inet | inet6 | inet6fb4
With inet6fb4 the client behaves as before (it tries to use IPv6 and only if that does
not work, it uses IPv4).
Default is inet (IPv4).
{timeout, Timeout}:
Timeout = non_neg_integer()
Connection timeout.
Default is 60000 (milliseconds).
{dtimeout, DTimeout}:
DTimeout = non_neg_integer() | infinity
Data Connect timeout. The time the client will wait for the server to connect to the
data socket.
Default is infinity.
{progress, Progress}:
Progress = ignore | {CBModule, CBFunction, InitProgress}
CBModule = atom(), CBFunction = atom()
InitProgress = term()
Default is ignore.
The progress option is intended to be used by applications that want to create some type
of progress report such as a progress bar in a GUI. The default value for the progress
option is ignore e.i. the option is not used. When the progress option is specified the
following will happen when ftp:send/[3,4] or ftp:recv/[3,4] are called.
* Before a file is transfered the following call will be made to indicate the start of
the file transfer and how big the file is. The return value of the callback function
should be a new value for the UserProgressTerm that will bu used as input next time
the callback function is called.
CBModule:CBFunction(InitProgress, File, {file_size, FileSize})
* Every time a chunk of bytes is transfered the following call will be made:
CBModule:CBFunction(UserProgressTerm, File, {transfer_size, TransferSize})
* At the end of the file the following call will be made to indicate the end of the
transfer.
CBModule:CBFunction(UserProgressTerm, File, {transfer_size, 0})
The callback function should be defined as
CBModule:CBFunction(UserProgressTerm, File, Size) -> UserProgressTerm
CBModule = CBFunction = atom()
UserProgressTerm = term()
File = string()
Size = {transfer_size, integer()} | {file_size, integer()} | {file_size, unknown}
Alas for remote files it is not possible for ftp to determine the file size in a platform
independent way. In this case the size will be unknown and it is left to the application
to find out the size.
Note:
The callback is made by a middleman process, hence the file transfer will not be affected
by the code in the progress callback function. If the callback should crash this will be
detected by the ftp connection process that will print an info-report and then go one as
if the progress option was set to ignore.
The file transfer type is set to the default of the FTP server when the session is opened.
This is usually ASCCI-mode.
The current local working directory (cf. lpwd/1) is set to the value reported by
file:get_cwd/1. the wanted local directory.
The return value Pid is used as a reference to the newly created ftp client in all other
functions, and they should be called by the process that created the connection. The ftp
client process monitors the process that created it and will terminate if that process
terminates.
COMMON DATA TYPES
Here follows type definitions that are used by more than one function in the FTP client
API.
pid() - identifier of an ftp connection.
string() = list of ASCII characters.
shortage_reason() = etnospc | epnospc
restriction_reason() = epath | efnamena | elogin | enotbinary - note not all restrictions
may always relevant to all functions
common_reason() = econn | eclosed | term() - some kind of explanation of what went wrong.
EXPORTS
account(Pid, Account) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Account = string()
Reason = eacct | common_reason()
If an account is needed for an operation set the account with this operation.
append(Pid, LocalFile) ->
append(Pid, LocalFile, RemoteFile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
LocalFile = RemoteFile = string()
Reason = epath | elogin | etnospc | epnospc | efnamena | common_reason
Transfers the file LocalFile to the remote server. If RemoteFile is specified, the
name of the remote file that the file will be appended to is set to RemoteFile;
otherwise the name is set to LocalFile If the file does not exists the file will be
created.
append_bin(Pid, Bin, RemoteFile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason()| shortage_reason() | common_reason()
Transfers the binary Bin to the remote server and append it to the file RemoteFile.
If the file does not exists it will be created.
append_chunk(Pid, Bin) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
Reason = echunk | restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Transfer the chunk Bin to the remote server, which append it into the file
specified in the call to append_chunk_start/2.
Note that for some errors, e.g. file system full, it is necessary to to call
append_chunk_end to get the proper reason.
append_chunk_start(Pid, File) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
File = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Start the transfer of chunks for appending to the file File at the remote server.
If the file does not exists it will be created.
append_chunk_end(Pid) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = echunk | restriction_reason() | shortage_reason()
Stops transfer of chunks for appending to the remote server. The file at the remote
server, specified in the call to append_chunk_start/2 is closed by the server.
cd(Pid, Dir) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Changes the working directory at the remote server to Dir.
close(Pid) -> ok
Types:
Pid = pid()
Ends an ftp session, created using the open function.
delete(Pid, File) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
File = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Deletes the file File at the remote server.
formaterror(Tag) -> string()
Types:
Tag = {error, atom()} | atom()
Given an error return value {error, AtomReason}, this function returns a readable
string describing the error.
lcd(Pid, Dir) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason()
Changes the working directory to Dir for the local client.
lpwd(Pid) -> {ok, Dir}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Returns the current working directory at the local client.
ls(Pid) ->
ls(Pid, Pathname) -> {ok, Listing} | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Pathname = string()
Listing = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns a list of files in long format.
Pathname can be a directory, a group of files or even a file. The Pathname string
can contain wildcard(s).
ls/1 implies the user's current remote directory.
The format of Listing is operating system dependent (on UNIX it is typically
produced from the output of the ls -l shell command).
mkdir(Pid, Dir) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Creates the directory Dir at the remote server.
nlist(Pid) ->
nlist(Pid, Pathname) -> {ok, Listing} | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Pathname = string()
Listing = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns a list of files in short format.
Pathname can be a directory, a group of files or even a file. The Pathname string
can contain wildcard(s).
nlist/1 implies the user's current remote directory.
The format of Listing is a stream of file names, where each name is separated by
<CRLF> or <NL>. Contrary to the ls function, the purpose of nlist is to make it
possible for a program to automatically process file name information.
open(Host) -> {ok, Pid} | {error, Reason}
open(Host, Opts) -> {ok, Pid} | {error, Reason}
Types:
Host = string() | ip_address()
Opts = options()
options() = [option()]
option() = start_option() | open_option()
start_option() = {verbose, verbose()} | {debug, debug()}
verbose() = boolean() (defaults to false)
debug() = disable | debug | trace (defaults to disable)
open_option() = {ipfamily, ipfamily()} | {port, port()} | {mode, mode()} | {tls,
tls_options()} | {timeout, timeout()} | {dtimeout, dtimeout()} | {progress,
progress()}
ipfamily() = inet | inet6 | inet6fb4 (defaults to inet)
port() = integer() > 0 (defaults to 21)
mode() = active | passive (defaults to passive)
tls_options() = [ssl:ssloption()]
timeout() = integer() > 0 (defaults to 60000 milliseconds)
dtimeout() = integer() > 0 | infinity (defaults to infinity)
pogress() = ignore | {module(), function(), initial_data()} (defaults to ignore)
module() = atom()
function() = atom()
initial_data() = term()
Reason = ehost | term()
This function is used to start a standalone ftp client process (without the inets
service framework) and open a session with the FTP server at Host.
If the option {tls, tls_options()} is present, the ftp session will be transported
over tls (ftps, see RFC 4217). The list tls_options() may be empty. The function
ssl:connect/3 is used for securing both the control connection and the data
sessions.
A session opened in this way, is closed using the close function.
pwd(Pid) -> {ok, Dir} | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns the current working directory at the remote server.
pwd(Pid) -> {ok, Dir} | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Returns the current working directory at the remote server.
recv(Pid, RemoteFile) ->
recv(Pid, RemoteFile, LocalFile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
RemoteFile = LocalFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | file_write_error_reason()
file_write_error_reason() = see file:write/2
Transfer the file RemoteFile from the remote server to the the file system of the
local client. If LocalFile is specified, the local file will be LocalFile;
otherwise it will be RemoteFile.
If the file write fails (e.g. enospc), then the command is aborted and {error,
file_write_error_reason()} is returned. The file is however not removed.
recv_bin(Pid, RemoteFile) -> {ok, Bin} | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Transfers the file RemoteFile from the remote server and receives it as a binary.
recv_chunk_start(Pid, RemoteFile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Start transfer of the file RemoteFile from the remote server.
recv_chunk(Pid) -> ok | {ok, Bin} | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Receive a chunk of the remote file (RemoteFile of recv_chunk_start). The return
values has the following meaning:
* ok the transfer is complete.
* {ok, Bin} just another chunk of the file.
* {error, Reason} transfer failed.
rename(Pid, Old, New) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
CurrFile = NewFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Renames Old to New at the remote server.
rmdir(Pid, Dir) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Dir = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Removes directory Dir at the remote server.
send(Pid, LocalFile) ->
send(Pid, LocalFile, RemoteFile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
LocalFile = RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | shortage_reason()
Transfers the file LocalFile to the remote server. If RemoteFile is specified, the
name of the remote file is set to RemoteFile; otherwise the name is set to
LocalFile.
send_bin(Pid, Bin, RemoteFile) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()()
RemoteFile = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | shortage_reason()
Transfers the binary Bin into the file RemoteFile at the remote server.
send_chunk(Pid, Bin) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Bin = binary()
Reason = echunk | restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Transfer the chunk Bin to the remote server, which writes it into the file
specified in the call to send_chunk_start/2.
Note that for some errors, e.g. file system full, it is necessary to to call
send_chunk_end to get the proper reason.
send_chunk_start(Pid, File) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
File = string()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Start transfer of chunks into the file File at the remote server.
send_chunk_end(Pid) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Reason = restriction_reason() | common_reason() | shortage_reason()
Stops transfer of chunks to the remote server. The file at the remote server,
specified in the call to send_chunk_start/2 is closed by the server.
type(Pid, Type) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
Type = ascii | binary
Reason = etype | restriction_reason() | common_reason()
Sets the file transfer type to ascii or binary. When an ftp session is opened, the
default transfer type of the server is used, most often ascii, which is the default
according to RFC 959.
user(Pid, User, Password) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
User = Password = string()
Reason = euser | common_reason()
Performs login of User with Password.
user(Pid, User, Password, Account) -> ok | {error, Reason}
Types:
Pid = pid()
User = Password = string()
Reason = euser | common_reason()
Performs login of User with Password to the account specified by Account.
quote(Pid, Command) -> [FTPLine]
Types:
Pid = pid()
Command = string()
FTPLine = string() - Note the telnet end of line characters, from the ftp
protocol definition, CRLF e.g. "\\r\\n" has been removed.
Sends an arbitrary FTP command and returns verbatimly a list of the lines sent back
by the FTP server. This functions is intended to give an application accesses to
FTP commands that are server specific or that may not be provided by this FTP
client.
Note:
FTP commands that require a data connection can not be successfully issued with
this function.
ERRORS
The possible error reasons and the corresponding diagnostic strings returned by
formaterror/1 are as follows:
echunk:
Synchronisation error during chunk sending.
A call has been made to send_chunk/2 or send_chunk_end/1, before a call to
send_chunk_start/2; or a call has been made to another transfer function during chunk
sending, i.e. before a call to send_chunk_end/1.
eclosed:
The session has been closed.
econn:
Connection to remote server prematurely closed.
ehost:
Host not found, FTP server not found, or connection rejected by FTP server.
elogin:
User not logged in.
enotbinary:
Term is not a binary.
epath:
No such file or directory, or directory already exists, or permission denied.
etype:
No such type.
euser:
User name or password not valid.
etnospc:
Insufficient storage space in system [452].
epnospc:
Exceeded storage allocation (for current directory or dataset) [552].
efnamena:
File name not allowed [553].
SEE ALSO
file, filename, J. Postel and J. Reynolds: File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959).