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NAME
       getppid - get the parent process ID


SYNOPSIS
       #include <unistd.h>

       pid_t getppid(void);


DESCRIPTION
       The getppid() function shall return the parent process ID of the calling process.


RETURN VALUE
       The  getppid()  function  shall  always  be  successful and no return value is reserved to
       indicate an error.


ERRORS
       No errors are defined.

       The following sections are informative.


EXAMPLES
       None.


APPLICATION USAGE
       None.


RATIONALE
       None.


FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.


SEE ALSO
       exec() , fork() , getpgid() , getpgrp() , getpid() , kill() , setpgid() , setsid()  ,  the
       Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, <sys/types.h>, <unistd.h>


COPYRIGHT
       Portions  of  this  text  are  reprinted  and  reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
       1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology  --  Portable  Operating  System
       Interface  (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by
       the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and  The  Open  Group.  In  the
       event  of  any  discrepancy  between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
       Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard  is  the  referee  document.  The
       original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .