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NAME

       ost::Socket -

       The Socket is used as the base for all Internet protocol services under Common C++.

SYNOPSIS

       #include <socket.h>

       Inherited by ost::DCCPSocket, ost::SimpleTCPStream, ost::SocketPort, ost::TCPSocket
       [protected], ost::TCPStream, ost::TCPV6Socket [protected], ost::UDPSocket, ost::UnixSocket
       [protected], and ost::UnixStream.

   Public Types
       enum Family { IPV6 = AF_INET6, IPV4 = AF_INET }
       enum Error { errSuccess = 0, errCreateFailed, errCopyFailed, errInput, errInputInterrupt,
           errResourceFailure, errOutput, errOutputInterrupt, errNotConnected, errConnectRefused,
           errConnectRejected, errConnectTimeout, errConnectFailed, errConnectInvalid,
           errConnectBusy, errConnectNoRoute, errBindingFailed, errBroadcastDenied,
           errRoutingDenied, errKeepaliveDenied, errServiceDenied, errServiceUnavailable,
           errMulticastDisabled, errTimeout, errNoDelay, errExtended, errLookupFail,
           errSearchErr, errInvalidValue }
       enum Tos { tosLowDelay = 0, tosThroughput, tosReliability, tosMinCost, tosInvalid }
       enum Pending { pendingInput, pendingOutput, pendingError }
       typedef enum Family Family
       typedef enum Error Error
       typedef enum Tos Tos
       typedef enum Pending Pending

   Public Member Functions
       virtual ~Socket ()
           The socket base class may be 'thrown' as a result of an error, and the 'catcher' may
           then choose to destroy the object.
       Socket & operator= (const Socket &from)
           Sockets may also be duplicated by the assignment operator.
       virtual IPV4Host getIPV4Sender (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
           May be used to examine the origin of data waiting in the socket receive queue.
       IPV4Host getSender (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
       virtual IPV6Host getIPV6Sender (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
       IPV4Host getIPV4Peer (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
           Get the host address and port of the socket this socket is connected to.
       IPV4Host getPeer (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
       IPV6Host getIPV6Peer (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
       IPV4Host getIPV4Local (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
           Get the local address and port number this socket is currently bound to.
       IPV4Host getLocal (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
       IPV6Host getIPV6Local (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
       IPV4Host getIPV4NAT (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
           Perform NAT table lookup for this socket.
       IPV4Host getNAT (tpport_t *port) const
       IPV6Host getIPV6NAT (tpport_t *port=NULL) const
       void setCompletion (bool immediate)
           Used to specify blocking mode for the socket.
       Error setLinger (bool linger)
           Enable lingering sockets on close.
       Error setKeepAlive (bool enable)
           Set the keep-alive status of this socket and if keep-alive messages will be sent.
       Error setTypeOfService (Tos service)
           Set packet scheduling on platforms which support ip quality of service conventions.
       bool isConnected (void) const
           Can test to see if this socket is 'connected', and hence whether a 'catch' can safely
           call getPeer().
       bool isActive (void) const
           Test to see if the socket is at least operating or if it is mearly initialized.
       bool operator! () const
           Operator based testing to see if a socket is currently active.
       bool isBroadcast (void) const
           Return if broadcast has been enabled for the specified socket.
       bool isRouted (void) const
           Return if socket routing is enabled.
       Error getErrorNumber (void) const
           Often used by a 'catch' to fetch the last error of a thrown socket.
       const char * getErrorString (void) const
           Often used by a 'catch' to fetch the user set error string of a thrown socket, but
           only if EXTENDED error codes are used.
       long getSystemError (void) const
       const char * getSystemErrorString (void) const
       virtual bool isPending (Pending pend, timeout_t timeout=TIMEOUT_INF)
           Get the status of pending operations.

   Static Public Member Functions
       static bool check (Family fam)
           See if a specific protocol family is available in the current runtime environment.

   Protected Types
       enum State { INITIAL, AVAILABLE, BOUND, CONNECTED, CONNECTING, STREAM }
       typedef enum State State

   Protected Member Functions
       Error error (Error error, const char *err=NULL, long systemError=0) const
           This service is used to throw all socket errors which usually occur during the socket
           constructor.
       void error (const char *err) const
           This service is used to throw application defined socket errors where the application
           specific error code is a string.
       void setError (bool enable)
           This service is used to turn the error handler on or off for 'throwing' exceptions by
           manipulating the thrown flag.
       void endSocket (void)
           Used as the default destructor for ending a socket.
       Error connectError (void)
           Used as a common handler for connection failure processing.
       Error sendLimit (int limit=2048)
           Set the send limit.
       Error receiveLimit (int limit=1)
           Set thr receive limit.
       Error sendTimeout (timeout_t timer)
           Set the send timeout for sending raw network data.
       Error receiveTimeout (timeout_t timer)
           Receive timeout for receiving raw network data.
       Error sendBuffer (unsigned size)
           Set the protocol stack network kernel send buffer size associated with the socket.
       Error receiveBuffer (unsigned size)
           Set the protocol stack network kernel receive buffer size associated with the socket.
       Error bufferSize (unsigned size)
           Set the total protocol stack network kernel buffer size for both send and receive
           together.
       Error setBroadcast (bool enable)
           Set the subnet broadcast flag for the socket.
       Error setMulticastByFamily (bool enable, Family family=IPV4)
           Setting multicast binds the multicast interface used for the socket to the interface
           the socket itself has been implicitly bound to.
       Error setLoopbackByFamily (bool enable, Family family=IPV4)
           Set the multicast loopback flag for the socket.
       Error setTimeToLiveByFamily (unsigned char ttl, Family fam=IPV4)
           Set the multicast time to live for a multicast socket.
       Error join (const IPV4Multicast &ia)
           Join a multicast group.
       Error join (const IPV6Multicast &ia)
       Error drop (const IPV4Multicast &ia)
           Drop membership from a multicast group.
       Error drop (const IPV6Multicast &ia)
       Error setRouting (bool enable)
           Set the socket routing to indicate if outgoing messages should bypass normal routing
           (set false).
       Error setNoDelay (bool enable)
           Enable/disable delaying packets (Nagle algorithm)
       Socket (int domain, int type, int protocol=0)
           An unconnected socket may be created directly on the local machine.
       Socket (SOCKET fd)
           A socket object may be created from a file descriptor when that descriptor was created
           either through a socket() or accept() call.
       Socket ()
           Create an inactive socket object for base constructors.
       Socket (const Socket &source)
           A socket can also be constructed from an already existing Socket object.
       ssize_t readLine (char *buf, size_t len, timeout_t timeout=0)
           Process a logical input line from a socket descriptor directly.
       virtual ssize_t readData (void *buf, size_t len, char separator=0, timeout_t t=0)
           Read in a block of len bytes with specific separator.
       virtual ssize_t writeData (const void *buf, size_t len, timeout_t t=0)
           Write a block of len bytes to socket.

   Protected Attributes
       struct {
          bool thrown: 1
          bool broadcast: 1
          bool route: 1
          bool keepalive: 1
          bool loopback: 1
          bool multicast: 1
          bool completion: 1
          bool linger: 1
          unsigned ttl: 8
       } flags
       SOCKET volatile so
           the actual socket descriptor, in Windows, unlike posix it cannot be used as an file
           descriptor that way madness lies -- jfc
       State volatile state

   Static Protected Attributes
       static Mutex mutex

   Friends
       SOCKET dupSocket (SOCKET s, Socket::State state)

Detailed Description

       The Socket is used as the base for all Internet protocol services under Common C++.

       A socket is a system resource (or winsock descriptor) that occupies a specific port
       address (and may be bound to a specific network interface) on the local machine. The
       socket may also be directly connected to a specific socket on a remote internet host.

       This base class is not directly used, but is provided to offer properties common to other
       Common C++ socket classes, including the socket exception model and the ability to set
       socket properties such as QoS, 'sockopts' properties like Dont-Route and Keep-Alive, etc.

       Author:
           David Sugar dyfet@ostel.com base class of all sockets.

       Examples:
           tcpthread.cpp.

Member Typedef Documentation

   typedef enum Error ost::Socket::Error
   typedef enum Family ost::Socket::Family
   typedef enum Pending ost::Socket::Pending
   typedef enum State ost::Socket::State [protected]
   typedef enum Tos ost::Socket::Tos

Member Enumeration Documentation

   enum ost::Socket::Error
       Enumerator

       errSuccess

       errCreateFailed

       errCopyFailed

       errInput

       errInputInterrupt

       errResourceFailure

       errOutput

       errOutputInterrupt

       errNotConnected

       errConnectRefused

       errConnectRejected

       errConnectTimeout

       errConnectFailed

       errConnectInvalid

       errConnectBusy

       errConnectNoRoute

       errBindingFailed

       errBroadcastDenied

       errRoutingDenied

       errKeepaliveDenied

       errServiceDenied

       errServiceUnavailable

       errMulticastDisabled

       errTimeout

       errNoDelay

       errExtended

       errLookupFail

       errSearchErr

       errInvalidValue

   enum ost::Socket::Family
       Enumerator

       IPV6

       IPV4

   enum ost::Socket::Pending
       Enumerator

       pendingInput

       pendingOutput

       pendingError

   enum ost::Socket::State [protected]
       Enumerator

       INITIAL

       AVAILABLE

       BOUND

       CONNECTED

       CONNECTING

       STREAM

   enum ost::Socket::Tos
       Enumerator

       tosLowDelay

       tosThroughput

       tosReliability

       tosMinCost

       tosInvalid

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

   ost::Socket::Socket (intdomain, inttype, intprotocol = 0) [protected]
       An unconnected socket may be created directly on the local machine. Sockets can occupy
       both the internet domain (AF_INET) and UNIX socket domain (AF_UNIX) under unix. The socket
       type (SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM) and protocol may also be specified. If the socket cannot be
       created, an exception is thrown.

       Parameters:
           domain socket domain to use.
           type base type and protocol family of the socket.
           protocol specific protocol to apply.

   ost::Socket::Socket (SOCKETfd) [protected]
       A socket object may be created from a file descriptor when that descriptor was created
       either through a socket() or accept() call. This constructor is mostly for internal use.

       Parameters:
           fd file descriptor of an already existing socket.

   ost::Socket::Socket () [protected]
       Create an inactive socket object for base constructors.

   ost::Socket::Socket (const Socket &source) [protected]
       A socket can also be constructed from an already existing Socket object. On POSIX systems,
       the socket file descriptor is dup()'d. On Win32, DuplicateHandle() is used.

       Parameters:
           source of existing socket to clone.

   virtual ost::Socket::~Socket () [virtual]
       The socket base class may be 'thrown' as a result of an error, and the 'catcher' may then
       choose to destroy the object. By assuring the socket base class is a virtual destructor,
       we can assure the full object is properly terminated.

Member Function Documentation

   Error ost::Socket::bufferSize (unsignedsize) [protected]
       Set the total protocol stack network kernel buffer size for both send and receive
       together.

       Returns:
           errSuccess on success

       Parameters:
           size of buffer.

   static bool ost::Socket::check (Familyfam) [static]
       See if a specific protocol family is available in the current runtime environment.

       Returns:
           true if family available.

   Error ost::Socket::connectError (void) [protected]
       Used as a common handler for connection failure processing.

       Returns:
           correct failure code to apply.

   Error ost::Socket::drop (const IPV4Multicast &ia) [protected]
       Drop membership from a multicast group.

       Returns:
           0 (errSuccess) on success, else error code.

       Parameters:
           ia address of multicast group to drop.

       Referenced by ost::UDPReceive::drop().

   Error ost::Socket::drop (const IPV6Multicast &ia) [protected]
   void ost::Socket::endSocket (void) [protected]
       Used as the default destructor for ending a socket. This will cleanly terminate the socket
       connection. It is provided for use in derived virtual destructors.

       Referenced by ost::UDPReceive::endReceiver(), and ost::UDPTransmit::endTransmitter().

   Error ost::Socket::error (Errorerror, const char *err = NULL, longsystemError = 0) const
       [protected]
       This service is used to throw all socket errors which usually occur during the socket
       constructor.

       Parameters:
           error defined socket error id.
           err string or message to pass.
           systemError the system error# that caused the error

   void ost::Socket::error (const char *err) const [inline],  [protected]
       This service is used to throw application defined socket errors where the application
       specific error code is a string.

       Parameters:
           err string or message to pass.

       References ost::error().

   Error ost::Socket::getErrorNumber (void) const [inline]
       Often used by a 'catch' to fetch the last error of a thrown socket.

       Returns:
           error number of Error error.

       Examples:
           tcpthread.cpp.

   const char* ost::Socket::getErrorString (void) const [inline]
       Often used by a 'catch' to fetch the user set error string of a thrown socket, but only if
       EXTENDED error codes are used.

       Returns:
           string for error message.

   IPV4Host ost::Socket::getIPV4Local (tpport_t *port = NULL) const
       Get the local address and port number this socket is currently bound to.

       Parameters:
           port ptr to port number on local host.

       Returns:
           host address of interface this socket is bound to.

       Referenced by ost::TCPSocket::getLocal().

   IPV4Host ost::Socket::getIPV4NAT (tpport_t *port = NULL) const
       Perform NAT table lookup for this socket. Used to allow an application to know the
       original ip:port pair the the client 'thinks' it is connecting to. Used mostly to
       transparently impersonate a remote server/service.

       On error, 0.0.0.0:0 is returned and one of the following error codes is set:
       errServiceUnavailable - if nat is not supported on the current platform or if it was not
       compiled; errLookupFail - if the nat syscall failed for some reason (extended error code);
       errSearchErr - if the socket does not have nat information (i.e. is not nated).

       NAT lookup is supported on NetFilter for ipv4 and ipv6 (Linux), IPFilter for ipv4
       (Solaris, *BSD except OpenBSD, HP-UX, etc.) and Packet Filter for ipv4 and ipv6 (OpenBSD).
       When using IPFilter or Packet Filter, the first NAT lookup must be performed as root (the
       NAT device is read only for root and is opened once, unless an error occurs). Permissions
       on the nat device may be changed to solve this.

       Warning:
           When using IPFilter and Packet Filter, application data model must be the same as the
           running kernel (32/64 bits).

       Parameters:
           port ptr to NATed port number on local host.

       Returns:
           NATed host address that this socket is related to.

   IPV4Host ost::Socket::getIPV4Peer (tpport_t *port = NULL) const
       Get the host address and port of the socket this socket is connected to. If the socket is
       currently not in a connected state, then a host address of 0.0.0.0 is returned.

       Parameters:
           port ptr to port number of remote socket.

       Returns:
           host address of remote socket.

   virtual IPV4Host ost::Socket::getIPV4Sender (tpport_t *port = NULL) const [virtual]
       May be used to examine the origin of data waiting in the socket receive queue. This can
       tell a TCP server where pending 'connect' requests are coming from, or a UDP socket where
       it's next packet arrived from.

       Parameters:
           port ptr to port number of sender.

       Returns:
           host address, test with 'isInetAddress()'.

       Reimplemented in ost::DCCPSocket.

       Referenced by ost::TCPSocket::getRequest().

   IPV6Host ost::Socket::getIPV6Local (tpport_t *port = NULL) const
       Referenced by ost::TCPV6Socket::getLocal().

   IPV6Host ost::Socket::getIPV6NAT (tpport_t *port = NULL) const
   IPV6Host ost::Socket::getIPV6Peer (tpport_t *port = NULL) const
   virtual IPV6Host ost::Socket::getIPV6Sender (tpport_t *port = NULL) const [virtual]
       Reimplemented in ost::DCCPSocket.

       Referenced by ost::TCPV6Socket::getRequest().

   IPV4Host ost::Socket::getLocal (tpport_t *port = NULL) const [inline]
   IPV4Host ost::Socket::getNAT (tpport_t *port) const [inline]
   IPV4Host ost::Socket::getPeer (tpport_t *port = NULL) const [inline]
       Examples:
           tcp.cpp, and tcpthread.cpp.

   IPV4Host ost::Socket::getSender (tpport_t *port = NULL) const [inline]
   long ost::Socket::getSystemError (void) const [inline]
   const char* ost::Socket::getSystemErrorString (void) const
   bool ost::Socket::isActive (void) const
       Test to see if the socket is at least operating or if it is mearly initialized.
       'initialized' sockets may be the result of failed constructors.

       Returns:
           true if not in initial state.

   bool ost::Socket::isBroadcast (void) const [inline]
       Return if broadcast has been enabled for the specified socket.

       Returns:
           true if broadcast socket.

   bool ost::Socket::isConnected (void) const
       Can test to see if this socket is 'connected', and hence whether a 'catch' can safely call
       getPeer(). Of course, an unconnected socket will return a 0.0.0.0 address from getPeer()
       as well.

       Returns:
           true when socket is connected to a peer.

   virtual bool ost::Socket::isPending (Pendingpend, timeout_ttimeout = TIMEOUT_INF) [virtual]
       Get the status of pending operations. This can be used to examine if input or output is
       waiting, or if an error has occured on the descriptor.

       Returns:
           true if ready, false on timeout.

       Parameters:
           pend ready check to perform.
           timeout in milliseconds, inf. if not specified.

       Reimplemented in ost::SimpleTCPStream, ost::TCPStream, and ost::UnixStream.

       Referenced by ost::UDPReceive::isInputReady(), ost::UDPTransmit::isOutputReady(),
       ost::UnixSocket::isPendingConnection(), ost::DCCPSocket::isPendingConnection(),
       ost::TCPSocket::isPendingConnection(), ost::TCPV6Socket::isPendingConnection(), and
       ost::UDPReceive::isPendingReceive().

   bool ost::Socket::isRouted (void) const [inline]
       Return if socket routing is enabled.

       Returns:
           true if routing enabled.

   Error ost::Socket::join (const IPV4Multicast &ia) [protected]
       Join a multicast group.

       Returns:
           0 (errSuccess) on success, else error code.

       Parameters:
           ia address of multicast group to join.

       Referenced by ost::UDPReceive::join().

   Error ost::Socket::join (const IPV6Multicast &ia) [protected]
   bool ost::Socket::operator! () const
       Operator based testing to see if a socket is currently active.

   Socket& ost::Socket::operator= (const Socket &from)
       Sockets may also be duplicated by the assignment operator.

   virtual ssize_t ost::Socket::readData (void *buf, size_tlen, charseparator = 0, timeout_tt =
       0) [protected],  [virtual]
       Read in a block of len bytes with specific separator. Can be zero, or any other char. If
       \n or \r, it's treated just like a readLine(). Otherwise it looks for the separator.

       Parameters:
           buf pointer to byte allocation.
           len maximum length to read.
           separator separator for a particular ASCII character
           t timeout for pending data in milliseconds.

       Returns:
           number of bytes actually read.

       Reimplemented in ost::SSLStream.

   ssize_t ost::Socket::readLine (char *buf, size_tlen, timeout_ttimeout = 0) [protected]
       Process a logical input line from a socket descriptor directly.

       Parameters:
           buf pointer to string.
           len maximum length to read.
           timeout for pending data in milliseconds.

       Returns:
           number of bytes actually read.

   Error ost::Socket::receiveBuffer (unsignedsize) [protected]
       Set the protocol stack network kernel receive buffer size associated with the socket.

       Returns:
           errSuccess on success, or error.

       Parameters:
           size of buffer in bytes.

   Error ost::Socket::receiveLimit (intlimit = 1) [protected]
       Set thr receive limit.

   Error ost::Socket::receiveTimeout (timeout_ttimer) [protected]
       Receive timeout for receiving raw network data.

       Returns:
           errSuccess if set.

       Parameters:
           timer value in milliseconds.

   Error ost::Socket::sendBuffer (unsignedsize) [protected]
       Set the protocol stack network kernel send buffer size associated with the socket.

       Returns:
           errSuccess on success, or error.

       Parameters:
           size of buffer in bytes.

   Error ost::Socket::sendLimit (intlimit = 2048) [protected]
       Set the send limit.

   Error ost::Socket::sendTimeout (timeout_ttimer) [protected]
       Set the send timeout for sending raw network data.

       Returns:
           errSuccess if set.

       Parameters:
           timer value in millisec.

   Error ost::Socket::setBroadcast (boolenable) [protected]
       Set the subnet broadcast flag for the socket. This enables sending to a subnet and may
       require special image privileges depending on the operating system.

       Returns:
           0 (errSuccess) on success, else error code.

       Parameters:
           enable when set to true.

       Referenced by ost::UDPTransmit::setBroadcast().

   void ost::Socket::setCompletion (boolimmediate)
       Used to specify blocking mode for the socket. A socket can be made non-blocking by setting
       setCompletion(false) or set to block on all access with setCompletion(true). I do not
       believe this form of non-blocking socket I/O is supported in winsock, though it provides
       an alternate asynchronous set of socket services.

       Parameters:
           immediate mode specify socket I/O call blocking mode.

   void ost::Socket::setError (boolenable) [inline],  [protected]
       This service is used to turn the error handler on or off for 'throwing' exceptions by
       manipulating the thrown flag.

       Parameters:
           enable true to enable handler.

   Error ost::Socket::setKeepAlive (boolenable)
       Set the keep-alive status of this socket and if keep-alive messages will be sent.

       Returns:
           0 on success.

       Parameters:
           enable keep alive messages.

   Error ost::Socket::setLinger (boollinger)
       Enable lingering sockets on close.

       Parameters:
           linger specify linger enable.

   Error ost::Socket::setLoopbackByFamily (boolenable, Familyfamily = IPV4) [protected]
       Set the multicast loopback flag for the socket. Loopback enables a socket to hear what it
       is sending.

       Returns:
           0 (errSuccess) on success, else error code.

       Parameters:
           enable when set to true.
           family of protocol.

       Referenced by ost::UDPSocket::setLoopback().

   Error ost::Socket::setMulticastByFamily (boolenable, Familyfamily = IPV4) [protected]
       Setting multicast binds the multicast interface used for the socket to the interface the
       socket itself has been implicitly bound to. It is also used as a check flag to make sure
       multicast is enabled before multicast operations are used.

       Returns:
           0 (errSuccess) on success, else error code.

       Parameters:
           enable when set to true.
           family of protocol.

       Referenced by ost::UDPSocket::setMulticast(), ost::UDPTransmit::setMulticast(), and
       ost::UDPReceive::setMulticast().

   Error ost::Socket::setNoDelay (boolenable) [protected]
       Enable/disable delaying packets (Nagle algorithm)

       Returns:
           0 on success.

       Parameters:
           enable disable Nagle algorithm when set to true.

   Error ost::Socket::setRouting (boolenable) [protected]
       Set the socket routing to indicate if outgoing messages should bypass normal routing (set
       false).

       Returns:
           0 on success.

       Parameters:
           enable normal routing when set to true.

       Referenced by ost::UDPTransmit::setRouting(), and ost::UDPReceive::setRouting().

   Error ost::Socket::setTimeToLiveByFamily (unsigned charttl, Familyfam = IPV4) [protected]
       Set the multicast time to live for a multicast socket.

       Returns:
           0 (errSuccess) on success, else error code.

       Parameters:
           ttl time to live.
           fam family of protocol.

       Referenced by ost::UDPSocket::setTimeToLive(), and ost::UDPTransmit::setTimeToLive().

   Error ost::Socket::setTypeOfService (Tosservice)
       Set packet scheduling on platforms which support ip quality of service conventions. This
       effects how packets in the queue are scheduled through the interface.

       Returns:
           0 on success, error code on failure.

       Parameters:
           service type of service enumerated type.

       Referenced by ost::UDPTransmit::setTypeOfService().

   virtual ssize_t ost::Socket::writeData (const void *buf, size_tlen, timeout_tt = 0)
       [protected],  [virtual]
       Write a block of len bytes to socket.

       Parameters:
           buf pointer to byte allocation.
           len maximum length to write.
           t timeout for pending data in milliseconds.

       Returns:
           number of bytes actually written.

Friends And Related Function Documentation

   SOCKET dupSocket (SOCKETs, Socket::Statestate) [friend]

Member Data Documentation

   bool ost::Socket::broadcast
   bool ost::Socket::completion
   struct { ... }   ost::Socket::flags [protected]
   bool ost::Socket::keepalive
   bool ost::Socket::linger
   bool ost::Socket::loopback
   bool ost::Socket::multicast
   Mutex ost::Socket::mutex [static],  [protected]
   bool ost::Socket::route
   SOCKET volatile ost::Socket::so [protected]
       the actual socket descriptor, in Windows, unlike posix it cannot be used as an file
       descriptor that way madness lies -- jfc

   State volatile ost::Socket::state [protected]
   bool ost::Socket::thrown
   unsigned ost::Socket::ttl

Author

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