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NAME

       ztgsyl.f -

SYNOPSIS

   Functions/Subroutines
       subroutine ztgsyl (TRANS, IJOB, M, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, C, LDC, D, LDD, E, LDE, F, LDF,
           SCALE, DIF, WORK, LWORK, IWORK, INFO)
           ZTGSYL

Function/Subroutine Documentation

   subroutine ztgsyl (characterTRANS, integerIJOB, integerM, integerN, complex*16, dimension(
       lda, * )A, integerLDA, complex*16, dimension( ldb, * )B, integerLDB, complex*16,
       dimension( ldc, * )C, integerLDC, complex*16, dimension( ldd, * )D, integerLDD,
       complex*16, dimension( lde, * )E, integerLDE, complex*16, dimension( ldf, * )F,
       integerLDF, double precisionSCALE, double precisionDIF, complex*16, dimension( * )WORK,
       integerLWORK, integer, dimension( * )IWORK, integerINFO)
       ZTGSYL

       Purpose:

            ZTGSYL solves the generalized Sylvester equation:

                        A * R - L * B = scale * C            (1)
                        D * R - L * E = scale * F

            where R and L are unknown m-by-n matrices, (A, D), (B, E) and
            (C, F) are given matrix pairs of size m-by-m, n-by-n and m-by-n,
            respectively, with complex entries. A, B, D and E are upper
            triangular (i.e., (A,D) and (B,E) in generalized Schur form).

            The solution (R, L) overwrites (C, F). 0 <= SCALE <= 1
            is an output scaling factor chosen to avoid overflow.

            In matrix notation (1) is equivalent to solve Zx = scale*b, where Z
            is defined as

                   Z = [ kron(In, A)  -kron(B**H, Im) ]        (2)
                       [ kron(In, D)  -kron(E**H, Im) ],

            Here Ix is the identity matrix of size x and X**H is the conjugate
            transpose of X. Kron(X, Y) is the Kronecker product between the
            matrices X and Y.

            If TRANS = 'C', y in the conjugate transposed system Z**H *y = scale*b
            is solved for, which is equivalent to solve for R and L in

                        A**H * R + D**H * L = scale * C           (3)
                        R * B**H + L * E**H = scale * -F

            This case (TRANS = 'C') is used to compute an one-norm-based estimate
            of Dif[(A,D), (B,E)], the separation between the matrix pairs (A,D)
            and (B,E), using ZLACON.

            If IJOB >= 1, ZTGSYL computes a Frobenius norm-based estimate of
            Dif[(A,D),(B,E)]. That is, the reciprocal of a lower bound on the
            reciprocal of the smallest singular value of Z.

            This is a level-3 BLAS algorithm.

       Parameters:
           TRANS

                     TRANS is CHARACTER*1
                     = 'N': solve the generalized sylvester equation (1).
                     = 'C': solve the "conjugate transposed" system (3).

           IJOB

                     IJOB is INTEGER
                     Specifies what kind of functionality to be performed.
                     =0: solve (1) only.
                     =1: The functionality of 0 and 3.
                     =2: The functionality of 0 and 4.
                     =3: Only an estimate of Dif[(A,D), (B,E)] is computed.
                         (look ahead strategy is used).
                     =4: Only an estimate of Dif[(A,D), (B,E)] is computed.
                         (ZGECON on sub-systems is used).
                     Not referenced if TRANS = 'C'.

           M

                     M is INTEGER
                     The order of the matrices A and D, and the row dimension of
                     the matrices C, F, R and L.

           N

                     N is INTEGER
                     The order of the matrices B and E, and the column dimension
                     of the matrices C, F, R and L.

           A

                     A is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA, M)
                     The upper triangular matrix A.

           LDA

                     LDA is INTEGER
                     The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1, M).

           B

                     B is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB, N)
                     The upper triangular matrix B.

           LDB

                     LDB is INTEGER
                     The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1, N).

           C

                     C is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDC, N)
                     On entry, C contains the right-hand-side of the first matrix
                     equation in (1) or (3).
                     On exit, if IJOB = 0, 1 or 2, C has been overwritten by
                     the solution R. If IJOB = 3 or 4 and TRANS = 'N', C holds R,
                     the solution achieved during the computation of the
                     Dif-estimate.

           LDC

                     LDC is INTEGER
                     The leading dimension of the array C. LDC >= max(1, M).

           D

                     D is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDD, M)
                     The upper triangular matrix D.

           LDD

                     LDD is INTEGER
                     The leading dimension of the array D. LDD >= max(1, M).

           E

                     E is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDE, N)
                     The upper triangular matrix E.

           LDE

                     LDE is INTEGER
                     The leading dimension of the array E. LDE >= max(1, N).

           F

                     F is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDF, N)
                     On entry, F contains the right-hand-side of the second matrix
                     equation in (1) or (3).
                     On exit, if IJOB = 0, 1 or 2, F has been overwritten by
                     the solution L. If IJOB = 3 or 4 and TRANS = 'N', F holds L,
                     the solution achieved during the computation of the
                     Dif-estimate.

           LDF

                     LDF is INTEGER
                     The leading dimension of the array F. LDF >= max(1, M).

           DIF

                     DIF is DOUBLE PRECISION
                     On exit DIF is the reciprocal of a lower bound of the
                     reciprocal of the Dif-function, i.e. DIF is an upper bound of
                     Dif[(A,D), (B,E)] = sigma-min(Z), where Z as in (2).
                     IF IJOB = 0 or TRANS = 'C', DIF is not referenced.

           SCALE

                     SCALE is DOUBLE PRECISION
                     On exit SCALE is the scaling factor in (1) or (3).
                     If 0 < SCALE < 1, C and F hold the solutions R and L, resp.,
                     to a slightly perturbed system but the input matrices A, B,
                     D and E have not been changed. If SCALE = 0, R and L will
                     hold the solutions to the homogenious system with C = F = 0.

           WORK

                     WORK is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
                     On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.

           LWORK

                     LWORK is INTEGER
                     The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK > = 1.
                     If IJOB = 1 or 2 and TRANS = 'N', LWORK >= max(1,2*M*N).

                     If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
                     only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
                     this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
                     message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.

           IWORK

                     IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (M+N+2)

           INFO

                     INFO is INTEGER
                       =0: successful exit
                       <0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
                       >0: (A, D) and (B, E) have common or very close
                           eigenvalues.

       Author:
           Univ. of Tennessee

           Univ. of California Berkeley

           Univ. of Colorado Denver

           NAG Ltd.

       Date:
           November 2011

       Contributors:
           Bo Kagstrom and Peter Poromaa, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901
           87 Umea, Sweden.

       References:
           [1] B. Kagstrom and P. Poromaa, LAPACK-Style Algorithms and Software for Solving the
           Generalized Sylvester Equation and Estimating the Separation between Regular Matrix
           Pairs, Report UMINF - 93.23, Department of Computing Science, Umea University, S-901
           87 Umea, Sweden, December 1993, Revised April 1994, Also as LAPACK Working Note 75. To
           appear in ACM Trans. on Math. Software, Vol 22, No 1, 1996.
            [2] B. Kagstrom, A Perturbation Analysis of the Generalized Sylvester Equation (AR -
           LB, DR - LE ) = (C, F), SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 15(4):1045-1060, 1994.
            [3] B. Kagstrom and L. Westin, Generalized Schur Methods with Condition Estimators
           for Solving the Generalized Sylvester Equation, IEEE Transactions on Automatic
           Control, Vol. 34, No. 7, July 1989, pp 745-751.

       Definition at line 294 of file ztgsyl.f.

Author

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