trusty (5) imapfilter_config.5.gz
NAME
imapfilter_config — imapfilter configuration file
SYNOPSIS
$HOME/.imapfilter/config.lua
DESCRIPTION
imapfilter(1) uses the Lua programming language as a configuration and extension language, therefore the configuration file is a Lua script. Although knowledge of Lua is not required to use imapfilter(1), it is nonetheless recommended, especially if one wants to extend it.
CONVENTIONS
A brief description of the Lua values and types mentioned hereafter in the manual page follows:
The nil is the type of the value “nil”, whose main property is to be different from any other value;
usually it represents the absence of a useful value.
The boolean is the type of the values “true” and “false”. Both “nil” and “false” make a condition
false; any other value makes it true.
The type number represents real numbers.
The type string represents a sequence of characters and can be defined using single quotes, double
quotes or double square brackets.
The type table implements associative arrays, that is, arrays that can be indexed not only with
numbers, but with any value.
A function is a first-class value; it can be stored in variables, passed as argument to other
functions, and returned as a result.
OPTIONS
Program's options are set using an already initialised table named “options”, in the following manner:
options.timeout = 120
options.namespace = false
options.charset = 'ISO-8859-1'
Available options are:
cache When this option is enabled, parts of messages are cached locally in memory to avoid being
downloaded more than once. The cache is preserved for the current session only. This variable
takes a boolean as a value. Default is “true”.
certificates
When this option is enabled, the server certificate can be accepted and stored, in order to
validate the authenticity of the server in future connections. This variable takes a boolean as a
value. Default is “true”.
charset
Indicates to the server the character set of the strings for the searching methods. This variable
takes a string as a value. By default no character set is set, and thus plain ASCII should be
assumed by the server.
create According to the IMAP specification, when trying to write a message to a non-existent mailbox, the
server must send a hint to the client, whether it should create the mailbox and try again or not.
However some IMAP servers don't follow the specification and don't send the correct response code
to the client. By enabling this option the client tries to create the mailbox, despite of the
server's response. This variable takes a boolean as a value. Default is “false”.
close This option controls whether the currently selected mailbox is implicitly closed at the end of each
performed operation, thus removing all messages that are marked deleted. This variable takes a
boolean as a value. Default is “false”.
crammd5
When this option is enabled and the server supports the Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism
(specifically CRAM-MD5), this method will be used for user authentication instead of a plaintext
password LOGIN. This variable takes a boolean as a value. Default is “true”.
expunge
Normally, messages are marked for deletion and are actually deleted when the mailbox is closed.
When this option is enabled, messages are expunged immediately after being marked deleted. This
variable takes a boolean as a value. Default is “true”.
info When this options is enabled, a summary of the program's actions is printed, while processing
mailboxes. This variable takes a boolean as a value. Default is “true”.
keepalive
The time in minutes before terminating and re-issuing the IDLE command, in order to keep alive the
connection, by resetting the inactivity timeout of the server. A standards compliant server must
have an inactivity timeout of at least 30 minutes. But it may happen that some IMAP servers don't
respect that, or some intermediary network device has a shorter timeout. By setting this option
the above problem can be worked around. This variable takes a number as a value. Default is “29”
minutes.
namespace
When enabled, the program gets the namespace of the user's personal mailboxes, and applies
automatically the prefix and hierarchy delimiter to any mailboxes residing on the mail server; the
user must use the ‘/’ character as the delimiter and “” (ie. nothing) as the prefix, regardless of
the folder format of the mail server. This must be disabled, if the user wants to manually specify
mailbox names (eg. because they are not part of the user's personal namespace mailboxes). This
variable takes boolean as a value. Default is “true”.
recover
With this option it is possible to control the recovery functionality, which restores a session
(the connection to the server and the IMAP state at the time), after some unexpected event takes
place. Currently there are two types of events that can close abnormally a session, and finally
cause the program to terminate: network errors, and the IMAP BYE response which a server can send
anytime. When this option is set to “all” the recovery function is triggered by both types of
events, when set to “errors” only in the case of network errors, and when set to “none” the
mechanism is completely disabled. Default is “all”.
starttls
When this option is enabled and the server supports the IMAP STARTTLS extension, a TLS connection
will be negotiated with the mail server in the beginning of the session. This variable takes a
boolean as value. Default is “true”.
subscribe
By enabling this option new mailboxes that were automatically created, get also subscribed; they
are set active in order for IMAP clients to recognize them. This variable takes a boolean as a
value. Default is “false”.
timeout
The time in seconds for the program to wait for a mail server's response. If not set, the client
will block indefinitely. This variable takes a number as a value. Default is “60” seconds.
ACCOUNTS
Accounts are initialized using the IMAP() function, and the details of the connection are defined using an
account table:
myaccount = IMAP {
server = 'imap.mail.server',
username = 'me',
password = 'secret',
ssl = 'ssl3'
}
An account table must have the following elements:
server The hostname of the IMAP server to connect to. It takes a string as a value.
username
User's name. It takes a string as a value.
An account table can also have the following optional elements:
password
User's secret keyword. If a password wasn't supplied the user will be asked to enter one
interactively the first time it will be needed. It takes a string as a value.
port The port to connect to. It takes a number as a value. Default is “143” for imap and “993” for
imaps.
ssl Forces an imaps connection and specifies the SSL/TLS protocol to be used. It takes a string as a
value, specifically one of: “ssl2”, “ssl3”, “tls1”.
LISTING
The following methods can be used on an account to list mailboxes in a folder of an account:
list_all(folder)
Lists all the available mailboxes in the folder (string), and returns a table that contains
strings, the available mailboxes, and a table that contains strings, the available folders.
list_subscribed(folder)
Lists all the subscribed mailboxes in the folder (string), and returns a table that contains
strings, the subscribed mailboxes, and a table that contains strings, the subscribed folders.
The following methods can be used on an account to list mailboxes, using wildcards, in a folder of an
account. The ‘*’ wildcard, matches any character and the ‘%’ matches any character except the folder
delimiter, ie. non-recursively:
list_all(folder, mailbox)
Lists all the available mailboxes in the folder (string) with the name mailbox (string), and
returns a table that contains strings, the available mailboxes, and a table that contains strings,
the available folders. Wildcards may only be used in the mailbox argument.
list_subscribed(folder, mailbox)
Lists all the subscribed mailboxes in the folder (string) with the name mailbox (string), and
returns a table that contains strings, the subscribed mailboxes, and a table that contains strings,
the subscribed folders. Wildcards may only be used in the mailbox argument.
Examples:
mailboxes, folders = myaccount:list_subscribed('myfolder')
mailboxes, folders = myaccount:list_all('myfolder/mysubfolder', '*')
MANIPULATING
The following methods can be used to manipulate mailboxes in an account:
create_mailbox(name)
Creates the name (string) mailbox.
delete_mailbox(name)
Deletes the name (string) mailbox.
rename_mailbox(oldname, newname)
Renames the oldname (string) mailbox to newname (string).
subscribe_mailbox(name)
Subscribes the name (string) mailbox.
unsubscribe_mailbox(name)
Unsubscribes the name (string) mailbox.
Examples:
myaccount:create_mailbox('mymailbox')
myaccount:subscribe_mailbox('mymailbox')
myaccount:unsubscribe_mailbox('myfolder/mymailbox')
myaccount:delete_mailbox('myfolder/mymailbox')
MAILBOXES
After an IMAP account has been initialized, mailboxes residing in that account can be accessed simply as
elements of the account table:
myaccount.mymailbox
If mailbox names don't only include letters, digits and underscores, or begin with a digit, an alternative
form must be used:
myaccount['mymailbox']
A mailbox inside a folder can be only accessed by using the alternative form:
myaccount['myfolder/mymailbox']
The methods that are available for an account (eg. list_all(), create_mailbox(), etc.) , are considered
keywords and must not be used as mailbox names, and the same also applies for any string starting with an
underscore, as they are considered reserved.
CHECKING
The following methods can be used to check the status of a mailbox:
check_status()
The check_status() method gets the current status of a mailbox, and returns four values of number
type: the total number of messages, the number of recent messages, the number of unseen messages in
the mailbox, and the next UID to be assigned to a new message in the mailbox.
enter_idle()
The enter_idle() method implements the IMAP IDLE (RFC 2177) extension. By using this extension
it's not necessary to poll the server for changes to the selected mailbox (ie. using the
check_status() method), but instead the server sends an update when there is a change in the
mailbox (eg. in case of new mail). When the enter_idle() method has been called no more commands
in the configuration file are executed until an update is received, at which point the enter_idle()
method returns. For the enter_idle() to work, the IDLE extension has to be supported by the IMAP
server. The enter_idle() method returns one value of type boolean: “true” if the IDLE extension is
supported and there was a update in the mailbox, and “false” if the IDLE extension is not
supported, in which case the method returns immediately.
Examples:
exist, unread, unseen, uidnext = myaccount.mymailbox:check_status()
update = myaccount.mymailbox:enter_idle()
SEARCHING
The searching methods in this subsection can be applied to any mailbox. They return a special form of
table, that contains the messages that match the searching method. This table can be combined with other
tables using logic theory. There are three available operations, that implement logical “or”, logical “and”
and logical “not”.
The logical “or” is implemented using the ‘+’ operator:
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_unseen() +
myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000)
The logical “and” is implemented using the ‘*’ operator:
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_unseen() *
myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000)
The logical “not” is implemented using the ‘-’ operator:
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_unseen() -
myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000)
The three logical operators can be combined in the same expression. The logical “and” has higher precedence
than the logical “or” and the logical “not”, with the latter two having the same precedence, and
parentheses may be used to change this behaviour:
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_unseen() +
myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000) *
myaccount.mymailbox:contain_subject('test')
results = ( myaccount.mymailbox:is_unseen() +
myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000) ) *
myaccount.mymailbox:contain_subject('test')
The returned tables of the searching methods can also be stored in variables and then further processed:
unseen = myaccount.myaccount:is_unseen()
larger = myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000)
subject = myaccount.mymailbox:contain_subject('test')
results = unseen + larger * subject
A composite filter that includes one or more simple rules can be defined:
myfilter = function ()
return myaccount.mymailbox:is_unseen() +
myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000) *
myaccount.mymailbox:contain_subject('test')
end
results = myfilter()
Composite filters can may be more dynamic by adding arguments:
myfilter = function (mailbox, size, subject)
return mailbox:is_unseen() +
mailbox:is_larger(size) *
mailbox:contain_subject(subject)
end
results = myfilter(myaccount.mailbox, 100000, 'test')
It is also possible to combine the searching methods in different mailboxes, either at the same or
different accounts, for example when the same actions will be executed on messages residing in different
mailboxes or accounts.
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_unseen() +
myaccount.myothermailbox:is_larger(100000) +
myotheraccount.myothermailbox:contain_subject('test')
The following method can be used to get all messages in a mailbox:
select_all()
All messages.
The following methods can be used to search for messages that are in a specific state:
is_answered()
Messages that have been answered.
is_deleted()
Messages that are marked for later removal.
is_draft()
Messages that have not completed composition.
is_flagged()
Messages that are flagged for urgent/special attention.
is_new()
Messages that are recently arrived (this session is the first to have been notified about these
messages) and have not been read.
is_old()
Messages that are not recently arrived (this session is not the first to have been notified about
these messages) and have not been read.
is_recent()
Messages that are recently arrived (this session is the first to have been notified about these
messages).
is_seen()
Messages that have been read.
is_unanswered()
Messages that have not been answered.
is_undeleted()
Messages that are not marked for later removal.
is_undraft()
Messages that have completed composition.
is_unflagged()
Messages that are not flagged for urgent/special attention.
is_unseen()
Messages that have not been read.
The following method can be used to search for messages that have a specific flag set:
has_flag(keyword)
Messages with the specified keyword flag (string) set.
The following methods can be used to search for messages based on their size:
is_larger(size)
Messages that are larger than the size (number) in octets (bytes).
is_smaller(size)
Messages that are smaller than the size (number) in octets (bytes).
The following methods can be used to search for messages based on their age:
is_newer(age)
Messages that are newer than the age (number) in days.
is_older(age)
Messages that are older than the age (number) in days.
The following methods can be used to search for messages based on their arrival or sent date, in the
“day-month-year” form, where day is the day of the month as a decimal number (01-31), month is the
abbreviated month ( “Jan”, “Feb”, “Mar”, “Apr”, “May”, “Jun”, “Jul”, “Aug”, “Sep”, “Oct”, “Nov”, “Dec”) and
year is the year as decimal number including the century (eg. 2007):
arrived_before(date)
messages that have arrived before the date (string), where date is in the “day-month-year” form.
arrived_on(date)
Messages that have arrived on the date (string), where date is in the “day-month-year” form.
arrived_since(date)
Messages that have arrived after the date (string), where date is in the “day-month-year” form.
sent_before(date)
Messages that have been sent before the date (string), where date is in the “day-month-year” form.
sent_on(date)
Messages that have been sent on the date (string), where date is in the “day-month-year” form.
sent_since(date)
Messages that have been sent after the date (string), where date is in the “day-month-year” form.
The following methods can be used to search for messages that contain a specific word or phrase:
contain_bcc(string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the “Bcc” header field.
contain_cc(string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the “Cc” header field.
contain_from(string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the “From” header field.
contain_subject(string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the “Subject” header field.
contain_to(string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the “To” header field.
contain_field(field, string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the field (string) header field.
contain_body(string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the message body.
contain_message(string)
Messages that contain the string (string) in the message.
The following methods can be used to search for messages that match a specific regular expression pattern.
This way of searching is not supported by the IMAP protocol, and this means that what actually happens
under the hood, is that the relevant parts of all the messages are downloaded and matched locally. It is
therefore recommended to use these methods with meta-searching (see following section), in order to narrow
down the set of messages that should be searched, and thus minimize what will be downloaded.
Note that due to Lua using backslash ‘\’ as an escape character for its strings, one has to double
backslashes in order to insert a single backslash inside a regular expression pattern:
match_bcc(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the “Bcc” header field.
match_cc(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the “Cc” header field.
match_from(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the “From” header field.
match_subject(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the “Subject” header field.
match_to(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the “To” header field.
match_field(field, pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the field (string) header field.
match_header(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the message header.
match_body(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the message body.
match_message(pattern)
Messages that match the regular expression pattern (string) in the message.
The following method can be used to search for messages using user queries based on the IMAP specification
(RFC 3501 Section 6.4.4):
send_query(criteria)
Searches messages by sending an IMAP search query as described in the search criteria (string).
Examples:
results = myaccount.mymailbox:select_all()
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_new()
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_recent()
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_larger(100000)
results = myaccount.mymailbox:is_older(10)
results = myaccount.mymailbox:has_flag('MyFlag')
results = myaccount.mymailbox:arrived_before('01-Jan-2007')
results = myaccount.mymailbox:sent_since('01-Jan-2007')
results = myaccount.mymailbox:contain_subject('test')
results = myaccount.mymailbox:contain_field('Sender', 'user@host')
results = myaccount.mymailbox:contain_body('hello world')
results = myaccount.mymailbox:match_from('.*(user1|user2)@host')
results = myaccount.mymailbox:send_query('ALL')
results = myaccount['mymailbox']:is_new()
results = myaccount['myfolder/mymailbox']:is_recent()
RESULTS
After one of more searching methods have been applied to one or more mailboxes, the result contains all the
necessary information, such as which messages matched in which mailboxes. Using this result these messages
can be either searched further or processed in various way.
META-SEARCHING
The results of the searching methods can be searched further on in the same way as searching is done in
mailboxes. The difference is that instead of doing the search in the whole mailbox, ie. in all the
messages, it is instead done only to those messages that were returned in a previous search.
Examples:
results:match_message('^[Hh]ello world!?$')
myaccount.mymailbox:is_new():match_body('^[Ww]orld, hello!?$')
PROCESSING
The processing methods are applied to the results that searching returned.
The following method can be used to delete messages in a mailbox:
delete_messages()
Deletes the messages that matched.
The following methods can be used to copy and move messages in a mailbox at the same or different accounts.
If the destination mailbox is in a different account than the source mailbox, then the messages are
downloaded and then uploaded to the destination:
copy_messages(destination)
Copies the messages to the destination, which is a mailbox at an account.
move_messages(destination)
Moves the messages to the destination, which is a mailbox at an account.
The following methods can be used to mark messages in a mailbox:
mark_answered()
Marks the messages as answered.
mark_deleted()
Marks the messages for later removal.
mark_draft()
Marks the messages as draft.
mark_flagged()
Marks the messages for urgent/special attention.
mark_seen()
Marks the messages as read.
unmark_answered()
Unmarks the messages that have been marked as answered.
unmark_deleted()
Unmarks the messages that have been marked for later removal.
unmark_draft()
Unmarks the messages that have been marked as draft.
unmark_flagged()
Unmarks the messages that have been marked for urgent/special attention.
unmark_seen()
Unmarks the messages that have been marked as read.
The following methods can be used to flag messages in a mailbox. The standard system flags are “\Answered”,
“\Deleted”, “\Draft”, “\Flagged”, “\Seen”, while if the server supports it, new user keywords may be
defined:
add_flags(flags)
Adds the flags (table that contains strings) to the messages.
remove_flags(flags)
Removes the flags (table that contains strings) from the messages.
replace_flags(flags)
Replaces the flags (table that contains strings) of the messages.
Examples:
results:delete_messages()
results:copy_messages(myaccount.myothermailbox)
results:move_messages(myotheraccount.mymailbox)
results:mark_seen()
results:unmark_flagged()
results:add_flags({ 'MyFlag', '\\Seen' })
results:remove_flags({ '\\Seen' })
results:move_messages(myotheraccount['myfolder/mymailbox'])
MESSAGES
The messages that are residing in any mailbox can be also accessed, as a whole or in parts. Messages can
be accessed using their unique identifier (UID):
myaccount.mymailbox[22]
The UIDs of messages the user is interested in, are gained from the results of searching:
results = account.INBOX:is_unseen()
for _, message in ipairs(results) do
mailbox, uid = table.unpack(message)
header = mailbox[uid]:fetch_header()
end
FETCHING
The following methods can be used to fetch parts of messages. The methods return a string. The downloaded
message parts are cached locally, so they can be reused inside the same program session:
fetch_message()
Fetches the header and body of the message.
fetch_header()
Fetches the header of the message.
fetch_body()
Fetches the body of the messages.
fetch_field(field)
Fetches the specified header field (string) of the message.
fetch_part(part)
Fetches the specified part (string) of the message.
The following methods can be used to fetch details about the state of a message:
fetch_flags()
Fetches the flags of the message. Returns a table of strings.
fetch_date()
Fetches the internal date of the message. Returns a string.
fetch_size()
Fetches the size of the message. Returns a number.
fetch_structure()
Fetches the body structure of the message. Returns a table that has as keys the parts of the
message, and as values a table that has one mandatory element, the type (string) of the part, and
two optional elements, the size (number) and name (string) of the part.
APPENDING
The following methods can be used to append a message to a mailbox:
append_message(message)
Appends the message (string) to the mailbox.
append_message(message, flags, date)
Appends the message (string) to the mailbox, setting the specified flags (table of strings), as
returned by fetch_flags(), and date (string), as returned by fetch_date().
Examples:
myaccount.mymailbox[2]:fetch_message()
myaccount.mymailbox[3]:fetch_field('subject')
myaccount.mymailbox[5]:fetch_part('1.1')
myaccount['mymailbox'][7]:fetch_message()
myaccount['myfolder/mymailbox'][11]:fetch_message()
myaccount.mymailbox:append_message(message)
FUNCTIONS
The following auxiliary functions are also available for convenience:
form_date(days)
Forms a date in “day-month-year” format that the system had before the number of days (number), and
returns it as a string.
get_password(prompt)
Displays the specified prompt (string), and reads a password, while character echoing is turned
off. Returns that password as a string.
become_daemon(interval, commands)
Detaches the program from the controlling terminal and runs it in the background as system daemon.
The program will then repeatedly poll at the specified interval (number) in seconds. Each time the
program wakes up, the commands (function) are executed.
become_daemon(interval, commands, nochdir, noclose)
Detaches the program from the controlling terminal and runs it in the background as system daemon.
The program will then repeatedly poll at the specified interval (number) in seconds. Each time the
program wakes up, the commands (function) are executed.
If nochdir (boolean) is “true”, the current working directory is not changed to the root directory
(/). If noclose (boolean) is “true”, the standard input, standard output and standard error are
not redirected to /dev/null.
pipe_to(command, data)
Executes the system's command (string) and sends the data (string) to the standard input channel of
the subprocess. Returns a number, the exit status of the child process.
pipe_from(command)
Executes the system's command (string) and retrieves the data from the standard output channel of
the subprocess. Returns a number, the exit status of the child process, and a string, the output
of the child process.
regex_search(pattern, string)
Implements Perl-compatible regular expressions (PCRE). The pattern (string) is a PCRE pattern. The
string (string) is the subject string in which the pattern is matched against. Returns at least a
boolean, that denotes if the match was successful, and any captures which are of string type. Note
that due to Lua using backslash ‘\’ as an escape character for its strings, one has to double
backslashes in order to insert a single backslash inside a regular expression pattern:
Examples:
date = form_date(14)
password = get_password('Enter password: ')
become_daemon(600, myfunction)
status = pipe_to('mycommandline', 'mydata')
status, data = pipe_from('mycommandline')
success, capture = regex_search('^[PpCcRrEe]: (\\w)$', 'mystring')
EXAMPLES
See samples/config.lua and samples/extend.lua in the source code distribution.
ENVIRONMENT
HOME User's home directory.
SEE ALSO
imapfilter(1)