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NAME
stdint.h - integer types
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdint.h>
DESCRIPTION
Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the ISO C standard.
Applications shall define the appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to enable the
visibility of these symbols in this header.
The <stdint.h> header shall declare sets of integer types having specified widths, and
shall define corresponding sets of macros. It shall also define macros that specify limits
of integer types corresponding to types defined in other standard headers.
Note: The "width" of an integer type is the number of bits used to store its value in a
pure binary system; the actual type may use more bits than that (for example, a
28-bit type could be stored in 32 bits of actual storage). An N-bit signed type has
values in the range -2**N-1 or 1-2**N-1 to 2**N-1-1, while an N-bit unsigned type
has values in the range 0 to 2**N-1.
Types are defined in the following categories:
* Integer types having certain exact widths
* Integer types having at least certain specified widths
* Fastest integer types having at least certain specified widths
* Integer types wide enough to hold pointers to objects
* Integer types having greatest width
(Some of these types may denote the same type.)
Corresponding macros specify limits of the declared types and construct suitable
constants.
For each type described herein that the implementation provides, the <stdint.h> header
shall declare that typedef name and define the associated macros. Conversely, for each
type described herein that the implementation does not provide, the <stdint.h> header
shall not declare that typedef name, nor shall it define the associated macros. An
implementation shall provide those types described as required, but need not provide any
of the others (described as optional).
Integer Types
When typedef names differing only in the absence or presence of the initial u are defined,
they shall denote corresponding signed and unsigned types as described in the
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 standard, Section 6.2.5; an implementation providing one of these
corresponding types shall also provide the other.
In the following descriptions, the symbol N represents an unsigned decimal integer with no
leading zeros (for example, 8 or 24, but not 04 or 048).
* Exact-width integer types
The typedef name int N _t designates a signed integer type with width N, no padding bits,
and a two's-complement representation. Thus, int8_t denotes a signed integer type with a
width of exactly 8 bits.
The typedef name uint N _t designates an unsigned integer type with width N. Thus,
uint24_t denotes an unsigned integer type with a width of exactly 24 bits.
The following types are required:
int8_t
int16_t
int32_t
uint8_t
uint16_t
uint32_t
If an implementation provides integer types with width 64 that meet these requirements,
then the following types are required: int64_t uint64_t
In particular, this will be the case if any of the following are true:
* The implementation supports the _POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG programming environment
and the application is being built in the _POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG programming
environment (see the Shell and Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, c99,
Programming Environments).
* The implementation supports the _POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64 programming environment and
the application is being built in the _POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64 programming
environment.
* The implementation supports the _POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG programming environment
and the application is being built in the _POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG programming
environment.
All other types of this form are optional.
* Minimum-width integer types
The typedef name int_least N _t designates a signed integer type with a width of at least
N, such that no signed integer type with lesser size has at least the specified width.
Thus, int_least32_t denotes a signed integer type with a width of at least 32 bits.
The typedef name uint_least N _t designates an unsigned integer type with a width of at
least N, such that no unsigned integer type with lesser size has at least the specified
width. Thus, uint_least16_t denotes an unsigned integer type with a width of at least 16
bits.
The following types are required: int_least8_t int_least16_t int_least32_t int_least64_t
uint_least8_t uint_least16_t uint_least32_t uint_least64_t
All other types of this form are optional.
* Fastest minimum-width integer types
Each of the following types designates an integer type that is usually fastest to operate
with among all integer types that have at least the specified width.
The designated type is not guaranteed to be fastest for all purposes; if the
implementation has no clear grounds for choosing one type over another, it will simply
pick some integer type satisfying the signedness and width requirements.
The typedef name int_fast N _t designates the fastest signed integer type with a width of
at least N. The typedef name uint_fast N _t designates the fastest unsigned integer type
with a width of at least N.
The following types are required: int_fast8_t int_fast16_t int_fast32_t int_fast64_t
uint_fast8_t uint_fast16_t uint_fast32_t uint_fast64_t
All other types of this form are optional.
* Integer types capable of holding object pointers
The following type designates a signed integer type with the property that any valid
pointer to void can be converted to this type, then converted back to a pointer to void,
and the result will compare equal to the original pointer: intptr_t
The following type designates an unsigned integer type with the property that any valid
pointer to void can be converted to this type, then converted back to a pointer to void,
and the result will compare equal to the original pointer: uintptr_t
On XSI-conformant systems, the intptr_t and uintptr_t types are required; otherwise,
they are optional.
* Greatest-width integer types
The following type designates a signed integer type capable of representing any value of
any signed integer type: intmax_t
The following type designates an unsigned integer type capable of representing any value
of any unsigned integer type: uintmax_t
These types are required.
Note: Applications can test for optional types by using the corresponding limit macro
from Limits of Specified-Width Integer Types .
Limits of Specified-Width Integer Types
The following macros specify the minimum and maximum limits of the types declared in the
<stdint.h> header. Each macro name corresponds to a similar type name in Integer Types .
Each instance of any defined macro shall be replaced by a constant expression suitable for
use in #if preprocessing directives, and this expression shall have the same type as would
an expression that is an object of the corresponding type converted according to the
integer promotions. Its implementation-defined value shall be equal to or greater in
magnitude (absolute value) than the corresponding value given below, with the same sign,
except where stated to be exactly the given value.
* Limits of exact-width integer types
* Minimum values of exact-width signed integer types:
{INTN_MIN}
Exactly -(2 **N-1)
* Maximum values of exact-width signed integer types:
{INTN_MAX}
Exactly 2**N-1 -1
* Maximum values of exact-width unsigned integer types:
{UINTN_MAX}
Exactly 2 **N -1
* Limits of minimum-width integer types
* Minimum values of minimum-width signed integer types:
{INT_LEASTN_MIN}
-(2 ** N-1 -1)
* Maximum values of minimum-width signed integer types:
{INT_LEASTN_MAX}
2 ** N-1 -1
* Maximum values of minimum-width unsigned integer types:
{UINT_LEASTN_MAX}
2 ** N -1
* Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
* Minimum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer types:
{INT_FASTN_MIN}
-(2 ** N-1 -1)
* Maximum values of fastest minimum-width signed integer types:
{INT_FASTN_MAX}
2 ** N-1 -1
* Maximum values of fastest minimum-width unsigned integer types:
{UINT_FASTN_MAX}
2 ** N -1
* Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
* Minimum value of pointer-holding signed integer type:
{INTPTR_MIN}
-(2 ** 15 -1)
* Maximum value of pointer-holding signed integer type:
{INTPTR_MAX}
2 ** 15 -1
* Maximum value of pointer-holding unsigned integer type:
{UINTPTR_MAX}
2 ** 16 -1
* Limits of greatest-width integer types
* Minimum value of greatest-width signed integer type:
{INTMAX_MIN}
-(2 ** 63 -1)
* Maximum value of greatest-width signed integer type:
{INTMAX_MAX}
2 ** 63 -1
* Maximum value of greatest-width unsigned integer type:
{UINTMAX_MAX}
2 ** 64 -1
Limits of Other Integer Types
The following macros specify the minimum and maximum limits of integer types corresponding
to types defined in other standard headers.
Each instance of these macros shall be replaced by a constant expression suitable for use
in #if preprocessing directives, and this expression shall have the same type as would an
expression that is an object of the corresponding type converted according to the integer
promotions. Its implementation-defined value shall be equal to or greater in magnitude
(absolute value) than the corresponding value given below, with the same sign.
* Limits of ptrdiff_t:
{PTRDIFF_MIN}
-65535
{PTRDIFF_MAX}
+65535
* Limits of sig_atomic_t:
{SIG_ATOMIC_MIN}
See below.
{SIG_ATOMIC_MAX}
See below.
* Limit of size_t:
{SIZE_MAX}
65535
* Limits of wchar_t:
{WCHAR_MIN}
See below.
{WCHAR_MAX}
See below.
* Limits of wint_t:
{WINT_MIN}
See below.
{WINT_MAX}
See below.
If sig_atomic_t (see the <signal.h> header) is defined as a signed integer type, the value
of {SIG_ATOMIC_MIN} shall be no greater than -127 and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MAX} shall
be no less than 127; otherwise, sig_atomic_t shall be defined as an unsigned integer type,
and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of {SIG_ATOMIC_MAX} shall be no
less than 255.
If wchar_t (see the <stddef.h> header) is defined as a signed integer type, the value of
{WCHAR_MIN} shall be no greater than -127 and the value of {WCHAR_MAX} shall be no less
than 127; otherwise, wchar_t shall be defined as an unsigned integer type, and the value
of {WCHAR_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of {WCHAR_MAX} shall be no less than 255.
If wint_t (see the <wchar.h> header) is defined as a signed integer type, the value of
{WINT_MIN} shall be no greater than -32767 and the value of {WINT_MAX} shall be no less
than 32767; otherwise, wint_t shall be defined as an unsigned integer type, and the value
of {WINT_MIN} shall be 0 and the value of {WINT_MAX} shall be no less than 65535.
Macros for Integer Constant Expressions
The following macros expand to integer constant expressions suitable for initializing
objects that have integer types corresponding to types defined in the <stdint.h> header.
Each macro name corresponds to a similar type name listed under Minimum-width integer
types and Greatest-width integer types.
Each invocation of one of these macros shall expand to an integer constant expression
suitable for use in #if preprocessing directives. The type of the expression shall have
the same type as would an expression that is an object of the corresponding type converted
according to the integer promotions. The value of the expression shall be that of the
argument.
The argument in any instance of these macros shall be a decimal, octal, or hexadecimal
constant with a value that does not exceed the limits for the corresponding type.
* Macros for minimum-width integer constant expressions
The macro INTN_C( value) shall expand to an integer constant expression corresponding to
the type int_least N _t. The macro UINTN_C( value) shall expand to an integer constant
expression corresponding to the type uint_least N _t. For example, if uint_least64_t is a
name for the type unsigned long long, then UINT64_C(0x123) might expand to the integer
constant 0x123ULL.
* Macros for greatest-width integer constant expressions
The following macro expands to an integer constant expression having the value specified
by its argument and the type intmax_t: INTMAX_C(value)
The following macro expands to an integer constant expression having the value specified
by its argument and the type uintmax_t: UINTMAX_C(value)
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
RATIONALE
The <stdint.h> header is a subset of the <inttypes.h> header more suitable for use in
freestanding environments, which might not support the formatted I/O functions. In some
environments, if the formatted conversion support is not wanted, using this header instead
of the <inttypes.h> header avoids defining such a large number of macros.
As a consequence of adding int8_t, the following are true:
* A byte is exactly 8 bits.
* {CHAR_BIT} has the value 8, {SCHAR_MAX} has the value 127, {SCHAR_MIN} has the value
-127 or -128, and {UCHAR_MAX} has the value 255.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
typedef names beginning with int or uint and ending with _t may be added to the types
defined in the <stdint.h> header. Macro names beginning with INT or UINT and ending with
_MAX, _MIN, or _C may be added to the macros defined in the <stdint.h> header.
SEE ALSO
<inttypes.h> , <signal.h> , <stddef.h> , <wchar.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The
original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .