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NAME
time.h - time types
SYNOPSIS
#include <time.h>
DESCRIPTION
Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the ISO C standard.
Applications shall define the appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to enable the
visibility of these symbols in this header.
The <time.h> header shall declare the structure tm, which shall include at least the
following members:
int tm_sec Seconds [0,60].
int tm_min Minutes [0,59].
int tm_hour Hour [0,23].
int tm_mday Day of month [1,31].
int tm_mon Month of year [0,11].
int tm_year Years since 1900.
int tm_wday Day of week [0,6] (Sunday =0).
int tm_yday Day of year [0,365].
int tm_isdst Daylight Savings flag.
The value of tm_isdst shall be positive if Daylight Savings Time is in effect, 0 if
Daylight Savings Time is not in effect, and negative if the information is not available.
The <time.h> header shall define the following symbolic names:
NULL Null pointer constant.
CLOCKS_PER_SEC
A number used to convert the value returned by the clock() function into seconds.
CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID
The identifier of the CPU-time clock associated with the process making a clock()
or timer*() function call.
CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID
The identifier of the CPU-time clock associated with the thread making a clock() or
timer*() function call.
The <time.h> header shall declare the structure timespec, which has at least the following
members:
time_t tv_sec Seconds.
long tv_nsec Nanoseconds.
The <time.h> header shall also declare the itimerspec structure, which has at least the
following members:
struct timespec it_interval Timer period.
struct timespec it_value Timer expiration.
The following manifest constants shall be defined:
CLOCK_REALTIME
The identifier of the system-wide realtime clock.
TIMER_ABSTIME
Flag indicating time is absolute. For functions taking timer objects, this refers
to the clock associated with the timer.
CLOCK_MONOTONIC
The identifier for the system-wide monotonic clock, which is defined as a clock
whose value cannot be set via clock_settime() and which cannot have backward clock
jumps. The maximum possible clock jump shall be implementation-defined.
The clock_t, size_t, time_t, clockid_t, and timer_t types shall be defined as described
in <sys/types.h> .
Although the value of CLOCKS_PER_SEC is required to be 1 million on all XSI-conformant
systems, it may be variable on other systems, and it should not be assumed that
CLOCKS_PER_SEC is a compile-time constant.
The <time.h> header shall provide a declaration for getdate_err.
The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as macros. Function
prototypes shall be provided.
char *asctime(const struct tm *);
char *asctime_r(const struct tm *restrict, char *restrict);
clock_t clock(void);
int clock_getcpuclockid(pid_t, clockid_t *);
int clock_getres(clockid_t, struct timespec *);
int clock_gettime(clockid_t, struct timespec *);
int clock_nanosleep(clockid_t, int, const struct timespec *,
struct timespec *);
int clock_settime(clockid_t, const struct timespec *);
char *ctime(const time_t *);
char *ctime_r(const time_t *, char *);
double difftime(time_t, time_t);
struct tm *getdate(const char *);
struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *);
struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *restrict, struct tm *restrict);
struct tm *localtime(const time_t *);
struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *restrict, struct tm *restrict);
time_t mktime(struct tm *);
int nanosleep(const struct timespec *, struct timespec *);
size_t strftime(char *restrict, size_t, const char *restrict,
const struct tm *restrict);
char *strptime(const char *restrict, const char *restrict,
struct tm *restrict);
time_t time(time_t *);
int timer_create(clockid_t, struct sigevent *restrict,
timer_t *restrict);
int timer_delete(timer_t);
int timer_gettime(timer_t, struct itimerspec *);
int timer_getoverrun(timer_t);
int timer_settime(timer_t, int, const struct itimerspec *restrict,
struct itimerspec *restrict);
void tzset(void);
The following shall be declared as variables:
extern int daylight;
extern long timezone;
extern char *tzname[];
Inclusion of the <time.h> header may make visible all symbols from the <signal.h> header.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
The range [0,60] for tm_sec allows for the occasional leap second.
tm_year is a signed value; therefore, years before 1900 may be represented.
To obtain the number of clock ticks per second returned by the times() function,
applications should call sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK).
RATIONALE
The range [0,60] seconds allows for positive or negative leap seconds. The formal
definition of UTC does not permit double leap seconds, so all mention of double leap
seconds has been removed, and the range shortened from the former [0,61] seconds seen in
previous versions of POSIX.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
<signal.h> , <sys/types.h> , the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
asctime(), clock(), clock_getcpuclockid(), clock_getres(), clock_nanosleep(), ctime(),
difftime(), getdate(), gmtime(), localtime(), mktime(), nanosleep(), strftime(),
strptime(), sysconf(), time(), timer_create(), timer_delete(), timer_getoverrun(), tzname,
tzset(), utime()
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by
the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The
original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .