Provided by: freeipmi-tools_1.1.5-3ubuntu3.3_amd64 
NAME
ipmiconsole - IPMI console utility
SYNOPSIS
ipmiconsole [OPTION...]
DESCRIPTION
ipmiconsole is a Serial-over-LAN (SOL) console utility. It can be used to establish
console sessions to remote machines using the IPMI 2.0 SOL protocol. Ipmiconsole
communicates with a remote machine's Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) to establish a
console session. Before any SOL communication can take place, the remote machine's BMC
must be configured properly. The FreeIPMI tool bmc-config(8) may be used to do this
configuration.
Often (although not always), console redirection must be also be configured properly in
the BIOS and/or operating system. Both must be configured to redirect console traffic out
the appropriate COM port. Please see your motherboard and OS documentation for
instructions on proper setup.
Listed below are general IPMI options, tool specific options, trouble shooting
information, workaround information, examples, and known issues. For a general
introduction to FreeIPMI please see freeipmi(7).
GENERAL OPTIONS
The following options are general options for configuring IPMI communication and executing
general tool commands.
-h IPMIHOST, --hostname=IPMIHOST
Specify the remote host to communicate with.
-u, --username=USERNAME
Specify the username to use when authenticating with the remote host. If not
specified, a null (i.e. anonymous) username is assumed. The user must a high enough
privilege to establish a SOL session and have SOL session abilities.
-p PASSWORD, --password=PASSWORD
Specify the password to use when authenticationg with the remote host. If not
specified, a null password is assumed. Maximum password length is 16 for IPMI 1.5
and 20 for IPMI 2.0.
-P, --password-prompt
Prompt for password to avoid possibility of listing it in process lists.
-k K_G, --k-g=K_G
Specify the K_g BMC key to use when authenticating with the remote host for IPMI
2.0. If not specified, a null key is assumed. To input the key in hexadecimal form,
prefix the string with '0x'. E.g., the key 'abc' can be entered with the either the
string 'abc' or the string '0x616263'
-K, --k-g-prompt
Prompt for k-g to avoid possibility of listing it in process lists.
--session-timeout=MILLISECONDS
Specify the session timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 60000 milliseconds (60
seconds) if not specified.
--retransmission-timeout=MILLISECONDS
Specify the packet retransmission timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to 500
milliseconds (0.5 seconds) if not specified.
-I, --cipher-suite-id=CIPHER-SUITE-ID
Specify the IPMI 2.0 cipher suite ID to use. The Cipher Suite ID identifies a set
of authentication, integrity, and confidentiality algorithms to use for IPMI 2.0
communication. The authentication algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for
session setup, the integrity algorithm identifies the algorithm to use for session
packet signatures, and the confidentiality algorithm identifies the algorithm to
use for payload encryption. Defaults to cipher suite ID 3 if not specified. The
user should be aware that only cipher suite ids 3, 8, and 12 encrypt console
payloads. Console information will be sent in the clear if an alternate cipher
suite id is selected. The following cipher suite ids are currently supported:
0 - Authentication Algorithm = None; Integrity Algorithm = None; Confidentiality
Algorithm = None
1 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = None;
Confidentiality Algorithm = None
2 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1-96;
Confidentiality Algorithm = None
3 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-SHA1-96;
Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128
6 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = None;
Confidentiality Algorithm = None
7 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-MD5-128;
Confidentiality Algorithm = None
8 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC-MD5-128;
Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128
11 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = MD5-128;
Confidentiality Algorithm = None
12 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-MD5; Integrity Algorithm = MD5-128;
Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128
17 - Authentication Algorithm = HMAC-SHA256; Integrity Algorithm = HMAC_SHA256_128;
Confidentiality Algorithm = AES-CBC-128
-l PRIVILEGE-LEVEL, --privilege-level=PRIVILEGE-LEVEL
Specify the privilege level to be used. The currently available privilege levels
are USER, OPERATOR, and ADMIN. Defaults to ADMIN if not specified.
--config-file=FILE
Specify an alternate configuration file.
-W WORKAROUNDS, --workaround-flags=WORKAROUNDS
Specify workarounds to vendor compliance issues. Multiple workarounds can be
specified separated by commas. A special command line flag of "none", will indicate
no workarounds (may be useful for overriding configured defaults). See WORKAROUNDS
below for a list of available workarounds.
--debug
Turn on debugging.
-?, --help
Output a help list and exit.
--usage
Output a usage message and exit.
-V, --version
Output the program version and exit.
IPMICONSOLE OPTIONS
The following options are specific to Ipmiconsole.
-e CHAR, --escape-char=CHAR
Specify an alternate escape character (default char '&').
--dont-steal
Do not steal an SOL session if one is already detected as being in use. Under most
circumstances, if SOL is detected as being in use, ipmiconsole will attempt to
steal the SOL session away from the previous session. This default behavior exists
for several reasons, most notably that earlier SOL sessions may have not been able
to be deactivate properly.
--deactivate
Deactivate a SOL session if one is detected as being in use and exit.
--serial-keepalive
Occasionally send NUL characters to detect inactive serial connections. This option
is particularly useful for those who intend to run ipmiconsole without much
interaction, such as for logging purposes. While IPMI connections may still be
alive, some motherboards have exhibited bugs in which underlying serial data can no
longer be sent/received. From the viewpoint of ipmiconsole, data is simply not be
sent out of the remote system and this problem is only detected once there is user
interaction. By sending the occasional NUL character, the underlying loss of serial
data transfer can be detected far more quickly. There is some risk with this
option, as the NUL character byte may affect the remote system depending on what
data it may or may not be expecting.
--serial-keepalive-empty
This option is identical to --serial-keepalive except that SOL packets will contain
no NUL character data. On some motherboards, this may be sufficient to deal with a
hanging IPMI session without the risk regularly sending a NUL character byte may
have. However, some systems may not ACK a SOL packet without character data in it,
meaning these keepalive packets do nothing.
--lock-memory
Lock sensitive information (such as usernames and passwords) in memory.
ESCAPE CHARACTERS
The following escape sequences are supported. The default supported escape character is
'&', but can be changed with the -e option.
&? Display a list of currently available escape sequences.
&. Terminate the connection.
&B Send a "serial-break" to the remote console.
&D Send a DEL character.
&& Send a single escape character.
GENERAL TROUBLESHOOTING
Most often, IPMI problems are due to configuration problems.
IPMI over LAN problems involve a misconfiguration of the remote machine's BMC. Double
check to make sure the following are configured properly in the remote machine's BMC: IP
address, MAC address, subnet mask, username, user enablement, user privilege, password,
LAN privilege, LAN enablement, and allowed authentication type(s). For IPMI 2.0
connections, double check to make sure the cipher suite privilege(s) and K_g key are
configured properly. The bmc-config(8) tool can be used to check and/or change these
configuration settings.
In addition to the troubleshooting tips below, please see WORKAROUNDS below to also if
there are any vendor specific bugs that have been discovered and worked around.
Listed below are many of the common issues for error messages. For additional support,
please e-mail the <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> mailing list.
"username invalid" - The username entered (or a NULL username if none was entered) is not
available on the remote machine. It may also be possible the remote BMC's username
configuration is incorrect.
"password invalid" - The password entered (or a NULL password if none was entered) is not
correct. It may also be possible the password for the user is not correctly configured on
the remote BMC.
"password verification timeout" - Password verification has timed out. A "password
invalid" error (described above) or a generic "session timeout" (described below)
occurred. During this point in the protocol it cannot be differentiated which occurred.
"k_g invalid" - The K_g key entered (or a NULL K_g key if none was entered) is not
correct. It may also be possible the K_g key is not correctly configured on the remote
BMC.
"privilege level insufficient" - An IPMI command requires a higher user privilege than the
one authenticated with. Please try to authenticate with a higher privilege. This may
require authenticating to a different user which has a higher maximum privilege.
"privilege level cannot be obtained for this user" - The privilege level you are
attempting to authenticate with is higher than the maximum allowed for this user. Please
try again with a lower privilege. It may also be possible the maximum privilege level
allowed for a user is not configured properly on the remote BMC.
"authentication type unavailable for attempted privilege level" - The authentication type
you wish to authenticate with is not available for this privilege level. Please try again
with an alternate authentication type or alternate privilege level. It may also be
possible the available authentication types you can authenticate with are not correctly
configured on the remote BMC.
"cipher suite id unavailable" - The cipher suite id you wish to authenticate with is not
available on the remote BMC. Please try again with an alternate cipher suite id. It may
also be possible the available cipher suite ids are not correctly configured on the remote
BMC.
"ipmi 2.0 unavailable" - IPMI 2.0 was not discovered on the remote machine. Please try to
use IPMI 1.5 instead.
"connection timeout" - Initial IPMI communication failed. A number of potential errors are
possible, including an invalid hostname specified, an IPMI IP address cannot be resolved,
IPMI is not enabled on the remote server, the network connection is bad, etc. Please
verify configuration and connectivity.
"session timeout" - The IPMI session has timed out. Please reconnect. If this error
occurs often, you may wish to increase the retransmission timeout. Some remote BMCs are
considerably slower than others.
IPMICONSOLE TROUBLESHOOTING
The following are common issues for error messages in ipmiconsole.
"SOL unavailable" - SOL is not configured for use on the remote BMC. It may be not
configured in general or for the specific user specified. Authenticating with a different
user may be sufficient, however the IPMI protocol does not reveal detail on what is not
configured on the remote BMC.
"SOL in use" - SOL is already in use on the remote BMC. If you do not specify the --dont-
steal option, ipmiconsole will attempt to steal the SOL session away from the other
session.
"SOL session stolen" - Your SOL session has been stolen by another session. You may wish
to try and steal the session back by reconnecting.
"SOL requires encryption" - SOL requires a cipher suite id that includes encryption.
Please try to use cipher suite id 3, 8, or 12. It may also be possible the encryption
requirements are not configured correctly on the remote BMC.
"SOL requires no encryption" - SOL requires a cipher suite id that does not use
encryption. Please try to use cipher suite id 0, 1, 2, 6, 7, or 11. It may also be
possible the encryption requirements are not configured correctly on the remote BMC.
"BMC Implementation" - The BMC on the remote machine has a severe problem in its
implementation. Please see the WORKAROUNDS section below for possible workarounds. If
additional vendor workarounds are required, please contact the authors.
"excess retransmissions sent" - An excessive number of retransmissions of SOL packets has
occurred and ipmiconsole has given up. This may be due to network issues or SOL issues.
Some of the same issues involved with "connection timeout" or "session timeout" errors may
be involved. Please try to reconnect.
"excess errors received" - An excessive number of SOL packet errors has occurred and
ipmiconsole has given up. This may be due to network issues or SOL issues. Please try to
reconnect.
"BMC Error" - This error usually means a vendor SOL implementation requires a combination
of authentication, encryption, privilege, etc. that have not been met by the user's
choices. Please try a combination of different cipher suites, privileges, etc. to resolve
the problem. Please see the WORKAROUNDS section below for possible workarounds too.
WORKAROUNDS
With so many different vendors implementing their own IPMI solutions, different vendors
may implement their IPMI protocols incorrectly. The following describes a number of
workarounds currently available to handle discovered compliance issues. When possible,
workarounds have been implemented so they will be transparent to the user. However, some
will require the user to specify a workaround be used via the -W option.
The hardware listed below may only indicate the hardware that a problem was discovered on.
Newer versions of hardware may fix the problems indicated below. Similar machines from
vendors may or may not exhibit the same problems. Different vendors may license their
firmware from the same IPMI firmware developer, so it may be worthwhile to try workarounds
listed below even if your motherboard is not listed.
If you believe your hardware has an additional compliance issue that needs a workaround to
be implemented, please contact the FreeIPMI maintainers on <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> or
<freeipmi-devel@gnu.org>.
authcap - This workaround flag will skip early checks for username capabilities,
authentication capabilities, and K_g support and allow IPMI authentication to succeed. It
works around multiple issues in which the remote system does not properly report username
capabilities, authentication capabilities, or K_g status. Those hitting this issue may see
"username invalid", "authentication type unavailable for attempted privilege level", or
"k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Asus P5M2/P5MT-R/RS162-E4/RX4, Intel
SR1520ML/X38ML, and Sun Fire 2200/4150/4450 with ELOM.
intel20 - This workaround flag will work around several Intel IPMI 2.0 authentication
issues. The issues covered include padding of usernames, and password truncation if the
authentication algorithm is HMAC-MD5-128. Those hitting this issue may see "username
invalid", "password invalid", or "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Intel SE7520AF2
with Intel Server Management Module (Professional Edition).
supermicro20 - This workaround flag will work around several Supermicro IPMI 2.0
authentication issues on motherboards w/ Peppercon IPMI firmware. The issues covered
include handling invalid length authentication codes. Those hitting this issue may see
"password invalid" errors. Issue observed on Supermicro H8QME with SIMSO daughter card.
Confirmed fixed on newerver firmware.
sun20 - This workaround flag will work work around several Sun IPMI 2.0 authentication
issues. The issues covered include invalid lengthed hash keys, improperly hashed keys, and
invalid cipher suite records. Those hitting this issue may see "password invalid" or "bmc
error" errors. Issue observed on Sun Fire 4100/4200/4500 with ILOM. This workaround
automatically includes the "opensesspriv" workaround.
opensesspriv - This workaround flag will slightly alter FreeIPMI's IPMI 2.0 connection
protocol to workaround an invalid hashing algorithm used by the remote system. The
privilege level sent during the Open Session stage of an IPMI 2.0 connection is used for
hashing keys instead of the privilege level sent during the RAKP1 connection stage. Those
hitting this issue may see "password invalid", "k_g invalid", or "bad rmcpplus status
code" errors. Issue observed on Sun Fire 4100/4200/4500 with ILOM, Inventec 5441/Dell
Xanadu II, Supermicro X8DTH, Supermicro X8DTG, Intel S5500WBV/Penguin Relion 700, Intel
S2600JF/Appro 512X, and Quanta QSSC-S4R//Appro GB812X-CN. This workaround is automatically
triggered with the "sun20" workaround.
integritycheckvalue - This workaround flag will work around an invalid integrity check
value during an IPMI 2.0 session establishment when using Cipher Suite ID 0. The integrity
check value should be 0 length, however the remote motherboard responds with a non-empty
field. Those hitting this issue may see "k_g invalid" errors. Issue observed on Supermicro
X8DTG, Supermicro X8DTU, and Intel S5500WBV/Penguin Relion 700, and Intel S2600JF/Appro
512X.
solpayloadsize - This workaround flag will not check for valid SOL payload sizes and
assume a proper set. It works around remote systems that report invalid IPMI 2.0 SOL
payload sizes. Those hitting this issue may see "BMC Implementation" errors. Issue
observed on Asus P5M2/RS162-E4/RX4, Intel SR1520ML/X38ML, Inventec 5441/Dell Xanadu II,
Sun x4100, Supermicro X8DTH, Supermicro X8DTG, Supermicro X8DTU, and Quanta QSSC-
S4R//Appro GB812X-CN.
solport - This workaround flag will ignore alternate SOL ports specified during the
protocol. It works around remote systems that report invalid alternate SOL ports. Those
hitting this issue may see "connection timeout" errors. Issue observed on Asus P5MT-R and
Supermicro X8DTH-iF.
solstatus - This workaround flag will not check the current activation status of SOL
during the protocol setup. It works around remote systems that do not properly support
this command. Those hitting this issue may see "BMC Error" errors. Issue observed on
Supermicro X8SIL-F.
KNOWN ISSUES
On older operating systems, if you input your username, password, and other potentially
security relevant information on the command line, this information may be discovered by
other users when using tools like the ps(1) command or looking in the /proc file system.
It is generally more secure to input password information with options like the -P or -K
options. Configuring security relevant information in the FreeIPMI configuration file
would also be an appropriate way to hide this information.
In order to prevent brute force attacks, some BMCs will temporarily "lock up" after a
number of remote authentication errors. You may need to wait awhile in order to this
temporary "lock up" to pass before you may authenticate again.
Some motherboards define an OEM SOL inactivity timeout for SOL sessions. If SOL sessions
stay inactive for long periods of time, ipmiconsole sessions may be abruptly closed, most
likely resulting in session timeout errors. Please see OEM notes for information on
modifying this parameter if you wish for sessions to stay active longer.
SPECIFIC HARDWARE NOTES
Intel SR1520ML/X38ML: After a reboot, the SOL session appears to "disconnect" from the
motherboard but stay alive. Character data input from the ipmiconsole client is accepted
by the remote machine, but no character data or console data is ever sent back from the
remote machine. The SOL session is subsequently useless. There is currently no workaround
in place to handle this. The session must be closed and restarted.
EXAMPLES
# ipmiconsole -h ahost -u myusername -p mypassword
Establish a console sesssion with a remote host.
KNOWN ISSUES
On older operating systems, if you input your username, password, and other potentially
security relevant information on the command line, this information may be discovered by
other users when using tools like the ps(1) command or looking in the /proc file system.
It is generally more secure to input password information with options like the -P or -K
options. Configuring security relevant information in the FreeIPMI configuration file
would also be an appropriate way to hide this information.
In order to prevent brute force attacks, some BMCs will temporarily "lock up" after a
number of remote authentication errors. You may need to wait awhile in order to this
temporary "lock up" to pass before you may authenticate again.
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <freeipmi-users@gnu.org> or <freeipmi-devel@gnu.org>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2007-2012 Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.
Copyright (C) 2006-2007 The Regents of the University of California.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
SEE ALSO
freeipmi.conf(5), freeipmi(7), bmc-config(8)
http://www.gnu.org/software/freeipmi/