Ubuntu Manpage: ovs-vswitchd - Open vSwitch daemon

Provided by: openvswitch-switch_2.0.2-0ubuntu0.14.04.3_amd64

NAME

       ovs-vswitchd - Open vSwitch daemon

SYNOPSIS

       ovs-vswitchd [database]

DESCRIPTION

A daemon that manages and controls any number of Open vSwitch switches on the local machine.

The database argument specifies how ovs-vswitchd connects to ovsdb-server. The default is
unix:/var/run/openvswitch/db.sock. The following forms are accepted:

ssl:ip:port
The specified SSL port on the host at the given ip, which must be expressed as an IP address (not
a DNS name). The --private-key, --certificate, and --ca-cert options are mandatory when this form
is used.

tcp:ip:port
Connect to the given TCP port on ip.

unix:file
Connect to the Unix domain server socket named file.

pssl:port[:ip]
Listen on the given SSL port for a connection. By default, connections are not bound to a
particular local IP address, but specifying ip limits connections to those from the given ip. The
--private-key, --certificate, and --ca-cert options are mandatory when this form is used.

ptcp:port[:ip]
Listen on the given TCP port for a connection. By default, connections are not bound to a
particular local IP address, but ip may be specified to listen only for connections to the given
ip.

punix:file
Listen on the Unix domain server socket named file for a connection.

ovs-vswitchd retrieves its configuration from database at startup. It sets up Open vSwitch datapaths and
then operates switching across each bridge described in its configuration files. As the database
changes, ovs-vswitchd automatically updates its configuration to match.

Upon receipt of a SIGHUP signal, ovs-vswitchd reopens its log file, if one was specified on the command
line.

ovs-vswitchd switches may be configured with any of the following features:

• L2 switching with MAC learning.

• NIC bonding with automatic fail-over and source MAC-based TX load balancing ("SLB").

• 802.1Q VLAN support.

• Port mirroring, with optional VLAN tagging.

• NetFlow v5 flow logging.

• sFlow(R) monitoring.

• Connectivity to an external OpenFlow controller, such as NOX.

Only a single instance of ovs-vswitchd is intended to run at a time. A single ovs-vswitchd can manage
any number of switch instances, up to the maximum number of supported Open vSwitch datapaths.

ovs-vswitchd does all the necessary management of Open vSwitch datapaths itself. Thus, external tools,
such ovs-dpctl(8), are not needed for managing datapaths in conjunction with ovs-vswitchd, and their use
to modify datapaths when ovs-vswitchd is running can interfere with its operation. (ovs-dpctl may still
be useful for diagnostics.)

An Open vSwitch datapath kernel module must be loaded for ovs-vswitchd to be useful. Please refer to the
INSTALL.Linux file included in the Open vSwitch distribution for instructions on how to build and load
the Open vSwitch kernel module.

OPTIONS

--mlockall
Causes ovs-vswitchd to call the mlockall() function, to attempt to lock all of its process memory
into physical RAM, preventing the kernel from paging any of its memory to disk. This helps to
avoid networking interruptions due to system memory pressure.

Some systems do not support mlockall() at all, and other systems only allow privileged users, such
as the superuser, to use it. ovs-vswitchd emits a log message if mlockall() is unavailable or
unsuccessful.

--pidfile[=pidfile]
Causes a file (by default, ovs-vswitchd.pid) to be created indicating the PID of the running
process. If the pidfile argument is not specified, or if it does not begin with /, then it is
created in /var/run/openvswitch.

If --pidfile is not specified, no pidfile is created.

--overwrite-pidfile
By default, when --pidfile is specified and the specified pidfile already exists and is locked by
a running process, ovs-vswitchd refuses to start. Specify --overwrite-pidfile to cause it to
instead overwrite the pidfile.

When --pidfile is not specified, this option has no effect.

--detach
Causes ovs-vswitchd to detach itself from the foreground session and run as a background process.
ovs-vswitchd detaches only after it has connected to the database, retrieved the initial
configuration, and set up that configuration.

--monitor
Creates an additional process to monitor the ovs-vswitchd daemon. If the daemon dies due to a
signal that indicates a programming error (e.g. SIGSEGV, SIGABRT), then the monitor process starts
a new copy of it. If the daemon die or exits for another reason, the monitor process exits.

This option is normally used with --detach, but it also functions without it.

--no-chdir
By default, when --detach is specified, ovs-vswitchd changes its current working directory to the
root directory after it detaches. Otherwise, invoking ovs-vswitchd from a carelessly chosen
directory would prevent the administrator from unmounting the file system that holds that
directory.

Specifying --no-chdir suppresses this behavior, preventing ovs-vswitchd from changing its current
working directory. This may be useful for collecting core files, since it is common behavior to
write core dumps into the current working directory and the root directory is not a good directory
to use.

This option has no effect when --detach is not specified.

Public Key Infrastructure Options
-p privkey.pem
--private-key=privkey.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing the private key used as ovs-vswitchd's identity for outgoing SSL
connections.

-c cert.pem
--certificate=cert.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing a certificate that certifies the private key specified on -p or
--private-key to be trustworthy. The certificate must be signed by the certificate authority (CA)
that the peer in SSL connections will use to verify it.

-C cacert.pem
--ca-cert=cacert.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing the CA certificate that ovs-vswitchd should use to verify
certificates presented to it by SSL peers. (This may be the same certificate that SSL peers use
to verify the certificate specified on -c or --certificate, or it may be a different one,
depending on the PKI design in use.)

-C none
--ca-cert=none
Disables verification of certificates presented by SSL peers. This introduces a security risk,
because it means that certificates cannot be verified to be those of known trusted hosts.

--bootstrap-ca-cert=cacert.pem
When cacert.pem exists, this option has the same effect as -C or --ca-cert. If it does not exist,
then ovs-vswitchd will attempt to obtain the CA certificate from the SSL peer on its first SSL
connection and save it to the named PEM file. If it is successful, it will immediately drop the
connection and reconnect, and from then on all SSL connections must be authenticated by a
certificate signed by the CA certificate thus obtained.

This option exposes the SSL connection to a man-in-the-middle attack obtaining the initial CA
certificate, but it may be useful for bootstrapping.

This option is only useful if the SSL peer sends its CA certificate as part of the SSL certificate
chain. The SSL protocol does not require the server to send the CA certificate, but
ovs-controller(8) can be configured to do so with the --peer-ca-cert option.

This option is mutually exclusive with -C and --ca-cert.

-v[spec]
--verbose=[spec]
Sets logging levels. Without any spec, sets the log level for every module and facility to dbg.
Otherwise, spec is a list of words separated by spaces or commas or colons, up to one from each
category below:

• A valid module name, as displayed by the vlog/list command on ovs-appctl(8), limits the log
level change to the specified module.

• syslog, console, or file, to limit the log level change to only to the system log, to the
console, or to a file, respectively.

• off, emer, err, warn, info, or dbg, to control the log level. Messages of the given
severity or higher will be logged, and messages of lower severity will be filtered out.
off filters out all messages. See ovs-appctl(8) for a definition of each log level.

Case is not significant within spec.

Regardless of the log levels set for file, logging to a file will not take place unless --log-file
is also specified (see below).

For compatibility with older versions of OVS, any is accepted as a word but has no effect.

-v
--verbose
Sets the maximum logging verbosity level, equivalent to --verbose=dbg.

--log-file[=file]
Enables logging to a file. If file is specified, then it is used as the exact name for the log
file. The default log file name used if file is omitted is /var/log/openvswitch/ovs-vswitchd.log.

-h
--help Prints a brief help message to the console.

-V
--version
Prints version information to the console.

RUNTIME MANAGEMENT COMMANDS

ovs-appctl(8) can send commands to a running ovs-vswitchd process. The currently supported commands are
described below. The command descriptions assume an understanding of how to configure Open vSwitch.

GENERAL COMMANDS
exit Causes ovs-vswitchd to gracefully terminate.

qos/show interface
Queries the kernel for Quality of Service configuration and statistics associated with the given
interface.

bfd/show [interface]
Displays detailed information about Bidirectional Forwarding Detection configured on interface.
If interface is not specified, then displays detailed information about all interfaces with BFD
enabled.

bfd/set-forwarding [interface] status
Force the fault status of the BFD module on interface (or all interfaces if none is given) to be
status. status can be "true", "false", or "normal" which reverts to the standard behavior.

cfm/show [interface]
Displays detailed information about Connectivity Fault Management configured on interface. If
interface is not specified, then displays detailed information about all interfaces with CFM
enabled.

cfm/set-fault [interface] status
Force the fault status of the CFM module on interface (or all interfaces if none is given) to be
status. status can be "true", "false", or "normal" which reverts to the standard behavior.

stp/tcn [bridge]
Forces a topology change event on bridge if it's running STP. This may cause it to send Topology
Change Notifications to its peers and flush its MAC table.. If no bridge is given, forces a
topology change event on all bridges.

BRIDGE COMMANDS
These commands manage bridges.

fdb/flush [bridge]
Flushes bridge MAC address learning table, or all learning tables if no bridge is given.

fdb/show bridge
Lists each MAC address/VLAN pair learned by the specified bridge, along with the port on which it
was learned and the age of the entry, in seconds.

bridge/reconnect [bridge]
Makes bridge drop all of its OpenFlow controller connections and reconnect. If bridge is not
specified, then all bridges drop their controller connections and reconnect.

This command might be useful for debugging OpenFlow controller issues.

bridge/dump-flows bridge
Lists all flows in bridge, including those normally hidden to commands such as ovs-ofctl
dump-flows. Flows set up by mechanisms such as in-band control and fail-open are hidden from the
controller since it is not allowed to modify or override them.

BOND COMMANDS
These commands manage bonded ports on an Open vSwitch's bridges. To understand some of these commands,
it is important to understand a detail of the bonding implementation called ``source load balancing''
(SLB). Instead of directly assigning Ethernet source addresses to slaves, the bonding implementation
computes a function that maps an 48-bit Ethernet source addresses into an 8-bit value (a ``MAC hash''
value). All of the Ethernet addresses that map to a single 8-bit value are then assigned to a single
slave.

bond/list
Lists all of the bonds, and their slaves, on each bridge.

bond/show [port]
Lists all of the bond-specific information (updelay, downdelay, time until the next rebalance)
about the given bonded port, or all bonded ports if no port is given. Also lists information
about each slave: whether it is enabled or disabled, the time to completion of an updelay or
downdelay if one is in progress, whether it is the active slave, the hashes assigned to the slave.
Any LACP information related to this bond may be found using the lacp/show command.

bond/migrate port hash slave
Only valid for SLB bonds. Assigns a given MAC hash to a new slave. port specifies the bond port,
hash the MAC hash to be migrated (as a decimal number between 0 and 255), and slave the new slave
to be assigned.

The reassignment is not permanent: rebalancing or fail-over will cause the MAC hash to be shifted
to a new slave in the usual manner.

A MAC hash cannot be migrated to a disabled slave.

bond/set-active-slave port slave
Sets slave as the active slave on port. slave must currently be enabled.

The setting is not permanent: a new active slave will be selected if slave becomes disabled.

bond/enable-slave port slave
bond/disable-slave port slave
Enables (or disables) slave on the given bond port, skipping any updelay (or downdelay).

This setting is not permanent: it persists only until the carrier status of slave changes.

bond/hash mac [vlan] [basis]
Returns the hash value which would be used for mac with vlan and basis if specified.

lacp/show [port]
Lists all of the LACP related information about the given port: active or passive, aggregation
key, system id, and system priority. Also lists information about each slave: whether it is
enabled or disabled, whether it is attached or detached, port id and priority, actor information,
and partner information. If port is not specified, then displays detailed information about all
interfaces with CFM enabled.

DATAPATH COMMANDS
These commands manage logical datapaths. They are are similar to the equivalent ovs-dpctl commands.

dpif/dump-dps
Prints the name of each configured datapath on a separate line.

dpif/show
Prints a summary of configured datapaths, including statistics and a list of connected ports. The
port information includes the OpenFlow port number, datapath port number, and the type. (The
local port is identified as OpenFlow port 65534.)

dpif/dump-flows dp
Prints to the console all flow entries in datapath dp's flow table.

This command is primarily useful for debugging Open vSwitch. The flow table entries that it
displays are not OpenFlow flow entries. Instead, they are different and considerably simpler
flows maintained by the datapath module. If you wish to see the OpenFlow flow entries, use
ovs-ofctl dump-flows.

dpif/del-flows dp
Deletes all flow entries from datapath dp's flow table and underlying datapath implementation
(e.g., kernel datapath module).

This command is primarily useful for debugging Open vSwitch. As discussed in dpif/dump-flows,
these entries are not OpenFlow flow entries.

OFPROTO COMMANDS
These commands manage the core OpenFlow switch implementation (called ofproto).

ofproto/list
Lists the names of the running ofproto instances. These are the names that may be used on
ofproto/trace.

ofproto/trace [dpname] odp_flow [-generate | packet]
ofproto/trace bridge br_flow [-generate | packet]
Traces the path of an imaginary packet through switch and reports the path that it took. The
packet's headers (e.g. source and destination) and metadata (e.g. input port), together called its
``flow,'' are usually all that matter for this purpose. You can specify the flow in the following
ways:

dpname odp_flow
odp_flow is a flow in the form printed by ovs-dpctl(8)'s dump-flows command. If all of
your bridges have the same type, which is the common case, then you can omit dpname, but if
you have bridges of different types (say, both ovs-netdev and ovs-system), then you need to
specify a dpname to disambiguate.

bridge br_flow
br_flow is a flow in the form similar to that accepted by ovs-ofctl(8)'s add-flow command.
(This is not an OpenFlow flow: besides other differences, it never contains wildcards.)
bridge names of the bridge through which br_flow should be traced.

Most commonly, one specifies only a flow, using one of the forms above, but sometimes one might
need to specify an actual packet instead of just a flow:

Side effects.
Some actions have side effects. For example, the normal action can update the MAC learning
table, and the learn action can change OpenFlow tables. ofproto/trace only performs side
effects when a packet is specified. If you want side effects to take place, then you must
supply a packet.

(Output actions are obviously side effects too, but ofproto/trace never executes them, even
when one specifies a packet.)

Incomplete information.
Most of the time, Open vSwitch can figure out everything about the path of a packet using
just the flow, but in some special circumstances it needs to look at parts of the packet
that are not included in the flow. When this is the case, and you do not supply a packet,
then ofproto/trace will tell you it needs a packet.

If you wish to include a packet as part of the ofproto/trace operation, there are two ways to do
it:

-generate
This option, added to one of the ways to specify a flow already described, causes Open
vSwitch to internally generate a packet with the flow described and then to use that
packet. If your goal is to execute side effects, then -generate is the easiest way to do
it, but -generate is not a good way to fill in incomplete information, because it generates
packets based on only the flow information, which means that the packets really do not have
any more information than the flow.

packet This form supplies an explicit packet as a sequence of hex digits. An Ethernet frame is at
least 14 bytes long, so there must be at least 28 hex digits. Obviously, it is
inconvenient to type in the hex digits by hand, so the ovs-pcap(1) and ovs-tcpundump(1)
utilities provide easier ways.

With this form, packet headers are extracted directly from packet, so the odp_flow or
br_flow should specify only metadata. The metadata can be:

skb_priority
Packet QoS priority.

pkt_mark
Mark of the packet.

tun_id The tunnel ID on which the packet arrived.

in_port
The port on which the packet arrived.
The in_port value is kernel datapath port number for the first format and OpenFlow port number for
the second format. The numbering of these two types of port usually differs and there is no
relationship.

ofproto/self-check [switch]
Runs an internal consistency check on switch, if specified, otherwise on all ofproto instances,
and responds with a brief summary of the results. If the summary reports any errors, then the
Open vSwitch logs should contain more detailed information. Please pass along errors reported by
this command to the Open vSwitch developers as bugs.

VLOG COMMANDS
These commands manage ovs-vswitchd's logging settings.

vlog/set [spec]
Sets logging levels. Without any spec, sets the log level for every module and facility to dbg.
Otherwise, spec is a list of words separated by spaces or commas or colons, up to one from each
category below:

• A valid module name, as displayed by the vlog/list command on ovs-appctl(8), limits the log
level change to the specified module.

• syslog, console, or file, to limit the log level change to only to the system log, to the
console, or to a file, respectively.

Case is not significant within spec.

Regardless of the log levels set for file, logging to a file will not take place unless
ovs-vswitchd was invoked with the --log-file option.

For compatibility with older versions of OVS, any is accepted as a word but has no effect.

vlog/set PATTERN:facility:pattern
Sets the log pattern for facility to pattern. Refer to ovs-appctl(8) for a description of the
valid syntax for pattern.

vlog/list
Lists the supported logging modules and their current levels.

vlog/reopen
Causes ovs-vswitchd to close and reopen its log file. (This is useful after rotating log files,
to cause a new log file to be used.)

This has no effect unless ovs-vswitchd was invoked with the --log-file option.

vlog/disable-rate-limit [module]...
vlog/enable-rate-limit [module]...
By default, ovs-vswitchd limits the rate at which certain messages can be logged. When a message
would appear more frequently than the limit, it is suppressed. This saves disk space, makes logs
easier to read, and speeds up execution, but occasionally troubleshooting requires more detail.
Therefore, vlog/disable-rate-limit allows rate limits to be disabled at the level of an individual
log module. Specify one or more module names, as displayed by the vlog/list command. Specifying
either no module names at all or the keyword any disables rate limits for every log module.

The vlog/enable-rate-limit command, whose syntax is the same as vlog/disable-rate-limit, can be
used to re-enable a rate limit that was previously disabled.

MEMORY COMMANDS
These commands report memory usage.

memory/show
Displays some basic statistics about ovs-vswitchd's memory usage. ovs-vswitchd also logs this
information soon after startup and periodically as its memory consumption grows.

COVERAGE COMMANDS
These commands manage ovs-vswitchd's ``coverage counters,'' which count the number of times particular
events occur during a daemon's runtime. In addition to these commands, ovs-vswitchd automatically logs
coverage counter values, at INFO level, when it detects that the daemon's main loop takes unusually long
to run.

Coverage counters are useful mainly for performance analysis and debugging.

coverage/show
Displays the values of all of the coverage counters.

OPENFLOW IMPLEMENTATION

       This section documents aspects of OpenFlow for which the OpenFlow specification requires documentation.

   Packet buffering.
       The OpenFlow specification, version 1.2, says:

              Switches that implement buffering are expected to expose, through documentation, both  the  amount
              of available buffering, and the length of time before buffers may be reused.

       Open  vSwitch  maintains  a  separate  set of 256 packet buffers for each OpenFlow connection.  Any given
       packet buffer is preserved until it is referenced by an OFPT_FLOW_MOD or OFPT_PACKET_OUT request or for 5
       seconds, whichever comes first.

LIMITS

We believe these limits to be accurate as of this writing. These limits assume the use of the Linux
kernel datapath.

• ovs-vswitchd started through ovs-ctl(8) provides a limit of 7500 file descriptors. The limits on
the number of bridges and ports is decided by the availability of file descriptors. With the
Linux kernel datapath, creation of a single bridge consumes 3 file descriptors and adding a port
consumes 1 file descriptor. Performance will degrade beyond 1,024 ports per bridge due to fixed
hash table sizing. Other platforms may have different limitations.

• 2,048 MAC learning entries per bridge, by default. (This is configurable via
other-config:mac-table-size in the Bridge table. See ovs-vswitchd.conf.db(5) for details.)

• Kernel flows are limited only by memory available to the kernel. Performance will degrade beyond
1,048,576 kernel flows per bridge with a 32-bit kernel, beyond 262,144 with a 64-bit kernel.
(ovs-vswitchd should never install anywhere near that many flows.)

• OpenFlow flows are limited only by available memory. Performance is linear in the number of
unique wildcard patterns. That is, an OpenFlow table that contains many flows that all match on
the same fields in the same way has a constant-time lookup, but a table that contains many flows
that match on different fields requires lookup time linear in the number of flows.

• 255 ports per bridge participating in 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol.

• 32 mirrors per bridge.

• 15 bytes for the name of a port. (This is a Linux kernel limitation.)