NAME

       neon - HTTP and WebDAV client library

DESCRIPTION

       neon is an HTTP and WebDAV client library. The major abstractions exposed are the HTTP session, created
       by ne_session_create; and the HTTP request, created by ne_request_create. HTTP authentication is handled
       transparently for server and proxy servers, see ne_set_server_auth; complete SSL/TLS support is also
       included, see ne_ssl_set_verify.

CONVENTIONS

       Some conventions are used throughout the neon API, to provide a consistent and simple interface; these
       are documented below.

   Thread-safeness and global initialization
       neon itself is implemented to be thread-safe (avoiding any use of global state), but relies on the
       operating system providing a thread-safe resolver interface. Modern operating systems offer the
       thread-safe getaddrinfo interface, which neon supports; some others implement gethostbyname using
       thread-local storage.

       To allow thread-safe use of SSL in the OpenSSL and GnuTLS libraries neon must be configured using the
       --enable-threadsafe-ssl; if this is done, locking callbacks will be registered by ne_sock_init; note that
       care must be exercised if neon is used in conjunction with another library which uses OpenSSL or GnuTLS.

       Some platforms and libraries used by neon require global initialization before use; notably:

       •   The SIGPIPE signal disposition must be set to ignored or otherwise handled to avoid process
           termination when writing to a socket which has been shutdown by the peer.

       •   OpenSSL and GnuTLS require global initialization to load shared lookup tables.

       •   The Win32 socket library requires initialization before use.

       The ne_sock_init function should be called before any other use of neon to perform any necessary
       initialization needed for the particular platform. Applications wishing to perform all the necessary
       process-global initialization steps themselves may omit to call ne_sock_init (and ne_sock_exit); neon
       neither checks whether these functions are called nor calls them itself.

       For some applications and configurations it may be necessary to call ne_i18n_init to initialize the
       support for internationalization in neon.

   Asynchronous signal safety
       No function in neon is defined to be “async-signal safe” - that is, no function is safe to call from a
       signal handler. Any call into the neon library from a signal handler will have undefined behaviour - in
       other words, it may crash the process.

   Functions using global state
       Any function in neon may modify the errno global variable as a side-effect. Except where explicitly
       documented, the value of errno is unspecified after any neon function call.

       Other than in the use of errno, the only functions which use or modify process-global state in neon are
       as follows:

       •   ne_sock_init, ne_i18n_init, and ne_sock_exit, as described above

       •   ne_debug_init and ne_debug, if enabled at compile time; for debugging output

       •   ne_oom_callback for installing a process-global callback to be invoked on malloc failure

   Namespaces
       To avoid possible collisions between names used for symbols and preprocessor macros by an application and
       the libraries it uses, it is good practice for each library to reserve a particular namespace prefix. An
       application which ensures it uses no names with these prefixes is then guaranteed to avoid such
       collisions.

       The neon library reserves the use of the namespace prefixes ne_ and NE_. The libraries used by neon may
       also reserve certain namespaces; collisions between these libraries and a neon-based application will not
       be detected at compile time, since the underlying library interfaces are not exposed through the neon
       header files. Such collisions can only be detected at link time, when the linker attempts to resolve
       symbols. The following list documents some of the namespaces claimed by libraries used by neon; this list
       may be incomplete.

       SSL, ssl, TLS, tls, ERR_, BIO_, d2i_, i2d_, ASN1_
           Some of the many prefixes used by the OpenSSL library; little attempt has been made to keep exported
           symbols within any particular prefixes for this library.

       gnutls_, gcry_, gpg_
           Namespaces used by the GnuTLS library (and dependencies thereof)

       XML_, Xml[A-Z]
           Namespaces used by the expat library.

       xml[A-Z], html[A-Z], docb[A-Z]
           Namespaces used by the libxml2 library; a relatively small number of symbols are used without these
           prefixes.

       inflate, deflate, crc32, compress, uncompres, adler32, zlib
           Namespaces used by the zlib library; a relatively small number of symbols are used without these
           prefixes.

       krb5, gss, GSS, asn1, decode_krb5, encode_krb5, profile, mit
           Some of the prefixes used by the MIT GSSAPI library and dependencies thereof; a number of symbols lie
           outside these prefixes.

       pakchois_
           Namespace used by the pakchois library.

       px_
           Namespace used by the libproxy library.

   Argument validation
       neon does not attempt to validate that the parameters passed to functions conform to the API (for
       instance, checking that pointer arguments are not NULL). Any use of the neon API which is not documented
       to produce a certain behaviour results is said to produce undefined behaviour; it is likely that neon
       will segfault under these conditions.

   URI paths, WebDAV metadata
       The path strings passed to any function must be URI-encoded by the application; neon never performs any
       URI encoding or decoding internally. WebDAV property names and values must be valid UTF-8 encoded Unicode
       strings.

   User interaction
       As a pure library interface, neon will never produce output on stdout or stderr; all user interaction is
       the responsibilty of the application.

   Memory handling
       neon does not attempt to cope gracefully with an out-of-memory situation; instead, by default, the abort
       function is called to immediately terminate the process. An application may register a custom function
       which will be called before abort in such a situation; see ne_oom_callback.

   Callbacks and userdata
       Whenever a callback is registered, a userdata pointer is also used to allow the application to associate
       a context with the callback. The userdata is of type void *, allowing any pointer to be used.

   Large File Support
       Since version 0.27.0, neon transparently uses the "LFS transitional" interfaces in functions which use
       file descriptors. This allows use of files larger than 2GiB on platforms with a native 32-bit off_t type,
       where LFS support is available.

       Some neon interfaces use the ne_off_t type, which is defined to be either off_t or off64_t according to
       whether LFS support is detected at build time. neon does not use or require the -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
       macro definition.

SEE ALSO

       ne_session_create(3), ne_oom_callback

AUTHOR

       Joe Orton <neon@lists.manyfish.co.uk>
           Author.

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