Provided by: aptitude_0.7.4-2ubuntu2_amd64 bug

名前

       aptitude - パッケージマネージャの高レベルインタフェース

概要

       aptitude [<options>...] {autoclean | clean | forget-new | keep-all | update}

       aptitude [<options>...] {full-upgrade | safe-upgrade} [<packages>...]

       aptitude [<options>...] {build-dep | build-depends | changelog | download | forbid-version
                | hold | install | markauto | purge | reinstall | remove | show | unhold |
                unmarkauto | versions} <packages>...

       aptitude extract-cache-subset <output-directory> <packages>...

       aptitude [<オプション>...] search <パターン>...

       aptitude [<options>...] {add-user-tag | remove-user-tag} <tag> <packages>...

       aptitude [<options>...] {why | why-not} [<patterns>...] <package>

       aptitude [-S <fname>] [--autoclean-on-startup | --clean-on-startup | -i | -u]

       aptitude help

説明

       aptitude は Debian GNU/Linux のパッケージシステムに対するテキストベースのインタフェースで
       す。

       ユーザはパッケージの一覧を表示したり、パッケージのインストール・更新・削除などといったパッ
       ケージ管理作業を行ったりできます。アクションはビジュアルインタフェースとコマンドラインから
       行えます。

COMMAND-LINE ACTIONS

       ハイフン (「-」) から始まらない最初の引数は、プログラムが行うアクションだと見なされま
       す。アクションがコマンドラインで与えられない場合、aptitude はビジュアルモードで起動しま
       す。

       以下のアクションが利用可能です。

       install
           Install one or more packages. The packages should be listed after the 「install」
           command; if a package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark
           (「?」), it will be treated as a search pattern and every package matching the pattern
           will be installed (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference
           manual).

           To select a particular version of the package, append 「=<version>」 to the package
           name: for instance, 「aptitude install apt=0.3.1」. Similarly, to select a package
           from a particular archive, append 「/<archive>」 to the package name: for instance,
           「aptitude install apt/experimental」. You cannot specify both an archive and a
           version for a package.

           必ずしも、コマンドラインに連ねられたパッケージすべてがインストール対象でなければいけな
           いわけではありません。パッケージ名に「上書き指定子」を付記すると、そのパッケージに対し
           て aptitude に別のことをさせることが可能です。例えば、aptitude remove wesnoth+ とする
           と、wesnoth を削除ではなくインストールできます。以下の上書き指定子が利用可能です。

           <パッケージ>+
               <パッケージ> をインストールします。

           <パッケージ>+M
               <パッケージ> をインストールし、その後すぐに、自動的にインストールされたという印を
               それに添付します (<パッケージ> に依存するものがなくなった場合、そのパッケージはす
               ぐに削除されてしまうことに注意してください)。

           <パッケージ>-
               <パッケージ> を削除します。

           <パッケージ>_
               <パッケージ> を完全削除します。すなわち、パッケージ自体とそれに関連する設定ファイ
               ルやデータファイルを削除します。

           <パッケージ>=
               <パッケージ> を固定します。すなわち、今後どのようなインストール・更新・削除を行っ
               ても、このパッケージは自動的には更新されません。

           <パッケージ>:
               <パッケージ> を現在のバージョンに一時的に固定します。つまり、インストール・削除・
               更新をすべて取り消します。「hold」 (前述) とは異なり、このコマンドを用いても将来
               パッケージが自動的に更新されなくなることはありません。

           <パッケージ>&M
               自動的にインストールされたという印を <パッケージ> に添付します。

           <パッケージ>&m
               手動でインストールされたという印を <パッケージ> に添付します。

           <package>&BD
               Install the build-dependencies of a <package>.

           特別な場合として、引数を与えずに「install」を実行すると、保存されているアクションや実
           行されていないアクションが実行されます。

               注記
               最終確認用のプロンプトで一度 Y を入力すると、「install」コマンドは、実行するアク
               ションに関する aptitude の保存情報を変更します。したがって、例えばコマンド
               「aptitude install foo bar」を発行し、aptitude がダウンロードやインストールを開始
               した時点でインストールを破棄する場合、その命令を取り消すために「aptitude remove
               foo bar」を実行する必要があります。

       remove, purge, hold, unhold, keep, reinstall
           These commands are the same as 「install」, but apply the named action to all packages
           given on the command line for which it is not overridden. The difference between hold
           and keep is that hold will cause a package to be ignored by future safe-upgrade or
           full-upgrade commands, while keep merely cancels any scheduled actions on the package.
           unhold will allow a package to be upgraded by future safe-upgrade or full-upgrade
           commands, without otherwise altering its state.

           例えば、「aptitude remove '~ndeity'」とすると、「deity」を名前に含むパッケージがすべて
           削除されます。

       markauto, unmarkauto
           それぞれ、自動的にインストールされた、および手動でインストールされたという印をパッケー
           ジに添付します。パッケージの指定は「install」コマンドとまったく同じ方法で行います。例
           えば「aptitude markauto '~slibs'」を実行すると、「libs」セクションのパッケージすべて
           に、自動的にインストールされたという印が添付されます。

           自動的にインストールしたパッケージについてのさらに詳しい情報は、aptitude リファレンス
           マニュアルの「自動的にインストールしたパッケージの管理」セクションを参照してください。

       build-depends, build-dep
           Satisfy the build-dependencies of a package. Each package name may be a source
           package, in which case the build dependencies of that source package are installed;
           otherwise, binary packages are found in the same way as for the 「install」 command,
           and the build-dependencies of the source packages that build those binary packages are
           satisfied.

           If the command-line parameter --arch-only is present, only architecture-dependent
           build dependencies (i.e., not Build-Depends-Indep or Build-Conflicts-Indep) will be
           obeyed.

       forbid-version
           Forbid a package from being upgraded to a particular version. This will prevent
           aptitude from automatically upgrading to this version, but will allow automatic
           upgrades to future versions. By default, aptitude will select the version to which the
           package would normally be upgraded; you may override this selection by appending
           「=<version>」 to the package name: for instance, 「aptitude forbid-version
           vim=1.2.3.broken-4」.

           This command is useful for avoiding broken versions of packages without having to set
           and clear manual holds. If you decide you really want the forbidden version after all,
           「aptitude install <package>」 will remove the ban.

       update
           apt 入手先から入手可能なパッケージの一覧を更新します (これは、「apt-get update」と等価
           です)。

       safe-upgrade
           Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version. Installed packages will not
           be removed unless they are unused (see the section 「Managing Automatically Installed
           Packages」 in the aptitude reference manual). Packages which are not currently
           installed may be installed to resolve dependencies unless the --no-new-installs
           command-line option is supplied.

           If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade
           every package that can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only
           the packages which it is instructed to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with
           suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude install, so you can also give
           additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude safe-upgrade bash
           dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.

           It is sometimes necessary to remove one package in order to upgrade another; this
           command is not able to upgrade packages in such situations. Use the full-upgrade
           command to upgrade as many packages as possible.

       full-upgrade
           Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version, removing or installing
           packages as necessary. This command is less conservative than safe-upgrade and thus
           more likely to perform unwanted actions. However, it is capable of upgrading packages
           that safe-upgrade cannot upgrade.

           If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade
           every package that can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only
           the packages which it is instructed to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with
           suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude install, so you can also give
           additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude full-upgrade bash
           dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.

               注記
               This command was originally named dist-upgrade for historical reasons, and
               aptitude still recognizes dist-upgrade as a synonym for full-upgrade.

       keep-all
           設定されていたアクションをすべてのパッケージについて取り消します。つまり、インストー
           ル・削除・更新といった面倒な状態をもったあらゆるパッケージから、そういった状態を取り除
           きます。

       forget-new
           どのパッケージが「新規」かについての内部情報を消去します (ビジュアルモードで「f」を押
           すのと等価です)。

       search
           Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the command line. All
           packages which match any of the given patterns will be displayed; for instance,
           「aptitude search '~N' edit」 will list all 「new」 packages and all packages whose
           name contains 「edit」. For more information on search patterns, see the section
           「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual.

               注記
               In the example above, 「aptitude search '~N' edit」 has two arguments after search
               and thus is searching for two patterns: 「~N」 and 「edit」. As described in the
               search pattern reference, a single pattern composed of two sub-patterns separated
               by a space (such as 「~N edit」) matches only if both patterns match. Thus, the
               command 「aptitude search '~N edit'」 will only show 「new」 packages whose name
               contains 「edit」.
           -F オプションを与えない場合、aptitude search の出力はこのようになります。

               i   apt                             - Advanced front-end for dpkg
               pi  apt-build                       - frontend to apt to build, optimize and in
               cp  apt-file                        - APT package searching utility -- command-
               ihA raptor-utils                    - Raptor RDF Parser utilities

           検索結果はそれぞれ異なる行に一覧表示されます。各行の第 1 文字はパッケージの現在の状態
           を示します。最もありふれた状態は、システムにパッケージが存在した形跡がないという意味の
           p、パッケージが削除されたがシステムに設定ファイルが残っているという意味の c、パッケー
           ジがインストールされているという意味の i、パッケージが仮想パッケージであるという意味の
           v です。第 2 文字は、パッケージに対して行うよう保存されたアクションを示します (アク
           ションが存在する場合で、なければ空欄が表示されます)。最もありふれた状態は、パッケージ
           がインストール予定であるという意味の i、パッケージが削除予定であるという意味の d、パッ
           ケージおよびその設定ファイルが削除予定であるという意味の p です。第 3 文字が A である
           場合、そのパッケージは自動的にインストールされたものです。

           For a complete list of the possible state and action flags, see the section
           「Accessing Package Information」 in the aptitude reference guide. To customize the
           output of search, see the command-line options -F and --sort.

       show
           Displays detailed information about one or more packages. If a package name contains a
           tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a search
           pattern and all matching packages will be displayed (see the section 「Search
           Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

           饒舌レベルが 1 以上の場合 (つまり、コマンドラインに -v が 1 つ以上与えられている場
           合)、そのパッケージのすべてのバージョンについて情報が表示されます。それ以外の場合は「
           バージョン候補」(「aptitude install」がダウンロードするバージョン) に関する情報が表示
           されます。

           You can display information about a different version of the package by appending
           =<version> to the package name; you can display the version from a particular archive
           or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name: for instance,
           /unstable or /sid. If either of these is present, then only the version you request
           will be displayed, regardless of the verbosity level.

           饒舌レベルが 1 以上の場合、パッケージのアーキテクチャ・圧縮サイズ・ファイル名・md5sum
           の各フィールドが表示されます。饒舌レベルが 2 以上の場合、各アーカイブについて、その
           アーカイブがもつ 1 つ以上の選択バージョンが一度ずつ表示されます。

       versions
           Displays the versions of the packages listed on the command-line.

               $ aptitude versions wesnoth
               p   1:1.4.5-1                                                             100
               p   1:1.6.5-1                                    unstable                 500
               p   1:1.7.14-1                                   experimental             1

           Each version is listed on a separate line. The leftmost three characters indicate the
           current state, planned state (if any), and whether the package was automatically
           installed; for more information on their meanings, see the documentation of aptitude
           search. To the right of the version number you can find the releases from which the
           version is available, and the pin priority of the version.

           If a package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it
           will be treated as a search pattern and all matching versions will be displayed (see
           the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual). This means that,
           for instance, aptitude versions '~i' will display all the versions that are currently
           installed on the system and nothing else, not even other versions of the same
           packages.

               $ aptitude versions '~nexim4-daemon-light'
               Package exim4-daemon-light:
               i   4.71-3                                                                100
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

               Package exim4-daemon-light-dbg:
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

           If the input is a search pattern, or if more than one package's versions are to be
           displayed, aptitude will automatically group the output by package, as shown above.
           You can disable this via --group-by=none, in which case aptitude will display a single
           list of all the versions that were found and automatically include the package name in
           each output line:

               $ aptitude versions --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
               i   exim4-daemon-light 4.71-3                                             100
               p   exim4-daemon-light 4.71-4                    unstable                 500
               p   exim4-daemon-light-dbg 4.71-4                unstable                 500

           To disable the package name, pass --show-package-names=never:

               $ aptitude versions --show-package-names=never --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
               i   4.71-3                                                                100
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

           In addition to the above options, the information printed for each version can be
           controlled by the command-line option -F. The order in which versions are displayed
           can be controlled by the command-line option --sort. To prevent aptitude from
           formatting the output into columns, use --disable-columns.

       add-user-tag, remove-user-tag
           Adds a user tag to or removes a user tag from the selected group of packages. If a
           package name contains a tilde (「~」) or question mark (「?」), it is treated as a
           search pattern and the tag is added to or removed from all the packages that match the
           pattern (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

           User tags are arbitrary strings associated with a package. They can be used with the
           ?user-tag(<tag>) search term, which will select all the packages that have a user tag
           matching <tag>.

       why, why-not
           Explains the reason that a particular package should or cannot be installed on the
           system.

           This command searches for packages that require or conflict with the given package. It
           displays a sequence of dependencies leading to the target package, along with a note
           indicating the installed state of each package in the dependency chain:

               $ aptitude why kdepim
               i   nautilus-data Recommends nautilus
               i A nautilus      Recommends desktop-base (>= 0.2)
               i A desktop-base  Suggests   gnome | kde | xfce4 | wmaker
               p   kde           Depends    kdepim (>= 4:3.4.3)

           The command why finds a dependency chain that installs the package named on the
           command line, as above. Note that the dependency that aptitude produced in this case
           is only a suggestion. This is because no package currently installed on this computer
           depends on or recommends the kdepim package; if a stronger dependency were available,
           aptitude would have displayed it.

           In contrast, why-not finds a dependency chain leading to a conflict with the target
           package:

               $ aptitude why-not textopo
               i   ocaml-core          Depends   ocamlweb
               i A ocamlweb            Depends   tetex-extra | texlive-latex-extra
               i A texlive-latex-extra Conflicts textopo

           If one or more <pattern>s are present, then aptitude will begin its search at these
           patterns; that is, the first package in the chain it prints will be a package matching
           the pattern in question. The patterns are considered to be package names unless they
           contain a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), in which case they are
           treated as search patterns (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude
           reference manual).

           If no patterns are present, then aptitude will search for dependency chains beginning
           at manually installed packages. This effectively shows the packages that have caused
           or would cause a given package to be installed.

               注記
               aptitude why does not perform full dependency resolution; it only displays direct
               relationships between packages. For instance, if A requires B, C requires D, and B
               and C conflict, 「aptitude why-not D」 will not produce the answer 「A depends on
               B, B conflicts with C, and D depends on C」.
           By default aptitude outputs only the 「most installed, strongest, tightest, shortest」
           dependency chain. That is, it looks for a chain that only contains packages which are
           installed or will be installed; it looks for the strongest possible dependencies under
           that restriction; it looks for chains that avoid ORed dependencies and Provides; and
           it looks for the shortest dependency chain meeting those criteria. These rules are
           progressively weakened until a match is found.

           If the verbosity level is 1 or more, then all the explanations aptitude can find will
           be displayed, in inverse order of relevance. If the verbosity level is 2 or more, a
           truly excessive amount of debugging information will be printed to standard output.

           This command returns 0 if successful, 1 if no explanation could be constructed, and -1
           if an error occurred.

       clean
           以前ダウンロードした .deb ファイルをパッケージキャッシュディレクトリ (通常
           /var/cache/apt/archives) から削除します。

       autoclean
           もうダウンロードできない、キャッシュされたパッケージを削除します。これによって、完全に
           削除しないかぎりキャッシュが時間とともに肥大化してしまい制御できなくなる、という事態を
           防げます。

       changelog
           指定されたソースパッケージまたはバイナリパッケージの各々について、Debian パッケージ更
           新履歴をダウンロードして表示します。

           By default, the changelog for the version which would be installed with 「aptitude
           install」 is downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending
           =<version> to the package name; you can select the version from a particular archive
           or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name (for instance,
           /unstable or /sid).

       download
           Downloads the .deb file for the given package to the current directory. If a package
           name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated
           as a search pattern and all the matching packages will be downloaded (see the section
           「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

           By default, the version which would be installed with 「aptitude install」 is
           downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending =<version>
           to the package name; you can select the version from a particular archive or release
           by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package name (for instance: /unstable or
           /sid).

       extract-cache-subset
           Copy the apt configuration directory (/etc/apt) and a subset of the package database
           to the specified directory. If no packages are listed, the entire package database is
           copied; otherwise only the entries corresponding to the named packages are copied.
           Each package name may be a search pattern, and all the packages matching that pattern
           will be selected (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference
           manual). Any existing package database files in the output directory will be
           overwritten.

           Dependencies in binary package stanzas will be rewritten to remove references to
           packages not in the selected set.

       help
           利用可能なコマンドとオプションを簡潔にまとめて表示します。

オプション

       以上のアクションの振る舞いを変更するのに、以下のオプションが利用可能です。どのオプションも
       全てのコマンドに使えますが、オプションによっては特定のコマンドに適用できず無視されます。

       --add-user-tag <tag>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade, forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto,
           unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag>
           to all packages that are installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if with
           the add-user-tag command.

       --add-user-tag-to <tag>,<pattern>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto,
           unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag>
           to all packages that match <pattern> as if with the add-user-tag command. The pattern
           is a search pattern as described in the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude
           reference manual.

           For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --add-user-tag-to "new-installs,?action(install)"
           will add the tag new-installs to all the packages installed by the safe-upgrade
           command.

       --allow-new-upgrades
           When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed, the action is
           safe-upgrade, or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the
           dependency resolver to install upgrades for packages regardless of the value of
           Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.

       --allow-new-installs
           Allow the safe-upgrade command to install new packages; when the safe resolver is
           being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed, the action is safe-upgrade, or
           Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to
           install new packages. This option takes effect regardless of the value of
           Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.

       --allow-untrusted
           Install packages from untrusted sources without prompting. You should only use this if
           you know what you are doing, as it could easily compromise your system's security.

       --disable-columns
           This option causes aptitude search and aptitude versions to output their results
           without any special formatting. In particular: normally aptitude will add whitespace
           or truncate search results in an attempt to fit its results into vertical 「columns」.
           With this flag, each line will be formed by replacing any format escapes in the format
           string with the corresponding text; column widths will be ignored.

           For instance, the first few lines of output from 「aptitude search -F '%p %V'
           --disable-columns libedataserver」 might be:

               disksearch 1.2.1-3
               hp-search-mac 0.1.3
               libbsearch-ruby 1.5-5
               libbsearch-ruby1.8 1.5-5
               libclass-dbi-abstractsearch-perl 0.07-2
               libdbix-fulltextsearch-perl 0.73-10

           As in the above example, --disable-columns is often useful in combination with a
           custom display format set using the command-line option -F.

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Disable-Columns.

       -D, --show-deps
           For commands that will install or remove packages (install, full-upgrade, etc), show
           brief explanations of automatic installations and removals.

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps に相当します。

       -d, --download-only
           必要に応じてパッケージをパッケージキャッシュにダウンロードしますが、インストールや削除
           はしません。デフォルトでは、パッケージキャッシュは /var/cache/apt/archives に保存され
           ます。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-Only に相当します。

       -F <フォーマット>, --display-format <フォーマット>
           Specify the format which should be used to display output from the search and versions
           commands. For instance, passing 「%p %v %V」 for <format> will display a package's
           name, followed by its currently installed version and its candidate version (see the
           section 「Customizing how packages are displayed」 in the aptitude reference manual
           for more information).

           The command-line option --disable-columns is often useful in combination with -F.

           For search, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-
           Display-Format; for versions, this corresponds to the configuration option
           Aptitude::CmdLine::Version-Display-Format.

       -f
           コマンドラインで要求されたアクションを無視することになってもなお、破損パッケージの依存
           関係を修正しようとします。

           これは設定項目 Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken に相当します。

       --full-resolver
           When package dependency problems are encountered, use the default 「full」 resolver to
           solve them. Unlike the 「safe」 resolver activated by --safe-resolver, the full
           resolver will happily remove packages to fulfill dependencies. It can resolve more
           situations than the safe algorithm, but its solutions are more likely to be
           undesirable.

           This option can be used to force the use of the full resolver even when
           Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is true.

       --group-by <grouping-mode>
           Control how the versions command groups its output. The following values are
           recognized:

           •   archive to group packages by the archive they occur in (「stable」, 「unstable」,
               etc). If a package occurs in several archives, it will be displayed in each of
               them.

           •   auto to group versions by their package unless there is exactly one argument and
               it is not a search pattern.

           •   none to display all the versions in a single list without any grouping.

           •   package to group versions by their package.

           •   source-package to group versions by their source package.

           •   source-version to group versions by their source package and source version.

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Group-By.

       -h, --help
           簡潔なヘルプメッセージを表示します。help アクションと同一です。

       --log-file=<file>
           If <file> is a nonempty string, log messages will be written to it, except that if
           <file> is 「-」, the messages will be written to standard output instead. If this
           option appears multiple times, the last occurrence is the one that will take effect.

           This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed
           (/var/log/aptitude); the log messages written using this configuration include
           internal program events, errors, and debugging messages. See the command-line option
           --log-level to get more control over what gets logged.

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Logging::File.

       --log-level=<level>, --log-level=<category>:<level>
           --log-level=<level> causes aptitude to only log messages whose level is <level> or
           higher. For instance, setting the log level to error will cause only messages at the
           log levels error and fatal to be displayed; all others will be hidden. Valid log
           levels (in descending order) are off, fatal, error, warn, info, debug, and trace. The
           default log level is warn.

           --log-level=<category>:<level> causes messages in <category> to only be logged if
           their level is <level> or higher.

           --log-level may appear multiple times on the command line; the most specific setting
           is the one that takes effect, so if you pass --log-level=aptitude.resolver:fatal and
           --log-level=aptitude.resolver.hints.match:trace, then messages in
           aptitude.resolver.hints.parse will only be printed if their level is fatal, but all
           messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.match will be printed. If you set the level of the
           same category two or more times, the last setting is the one that will take effect.

           This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed
           (/var/log/aptitude); the log messages written using this configuration include
           internal program events, errors, and debugging messages. See the command-line option
           --log-file to change where log messages go.

           This corresponds to the configuration group Aptitude::Logging::Levels.

       --log-resolver
           Set some standard log levels related to the resolver, to produce logging output
           suitable for processing with automated tools. This is equivalent to the command-line
           options --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search:trace
           --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search.tiers:info.

       --no-new-installs
           Prevent safe-upgrade from installing any new packages; when the safe resolver is being
           used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to
           true), forbid the dependency resolver from installing new packages. This option takes
           effect regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.

           This mimics the historical behavior of apt-get upgrade.

       --no-new-upgrades
           When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or
           Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the dependency resolver
           from installing upgrades for packages regardless of the value of
           Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.

       --no-show-resolver-actions
           Do not display the actions performed by the 「safe」 resolver, overriding any
           configuration option or earlier --show-resolver-actions.

       -O <順序>, --sort <順序>
           Specify the order in which output from the search and versions commands should be
           displayed. For instance, passing 「installsize」 for <order> will list packages in
           order according to their size when installed (see the section 「Customizing how
           packages are sorted」 in the aptitude reference manual for more information).

           The default sort order is name,version.

       -o <キー>=<>
           設定ファイルオプションを直接設定します。例えば -o Aptitude::Log=/tmp/my-log を用いる
           と、aptitude のアクションを /tmp/my-log に記録できます。設定ファイルオプションについて
           のさらに詳しい情報は、aptitude リファレンスマニュアルの「設定ファイルリファレンス」セ
           クションを参照してください。

       -P, --prompt
           Always display a prompt before downloading, installing or removing packages, even when
           no actions other than those explicitly requested will be performed.

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt に相当します。

       --purge-unused
           If Aptitude::Delete-Unused is set to 「true」 (its default), then in addition to
           removing each package that is no longer required by any installed package, aptitude
           will also purge them, removing their configuration files and perhaps other important
           data. For more information about which packages are considered to be 「unused」, see
           the section 「Managing Automatically Installed Packages」 in the aptitude reference
           manual.  THIS OPTION CAN CAUSE DATA LOSS! DO NOT USE IT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE
           DOING!

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Purge-Unused.

       -q[=<n>], --quiet[=<n>]
           すべての進行状況を逐一表示させず、したがって出力を記録可能にします。プログラムの出力を
           より少なくするために、このオプションを何回も繰り返し与えてもかまいません。しかし
           apt-get とは異なり、aptitude では、-q を複数回与えた場合は -y を与えることはできませ
           ん。

           任意で =<n> をつけると、出力の少なさを直接設定できます (例えば、/etc/apt/apt.conf の設
           定を上書きするのに利用できます)。このときプログラムは、-q をちょうど <n> 回与えたとき
           のように振る舞います。

       -R, --without-recommends
           Do not treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this
           overrides settings in /etc/apt/apt.conf and ~/.aptitude/config). Packages previously
           installed due to recommendations will not be removed.

           This corresponds to the pair of configuration options APT::Install-Recommends and
           APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant.

       -r, --with-recommends
           新しいパッケージをインストールする際に、推奨を依存関係として扱います (これ
           は、/etc/apt/apt.conf および ~/.aptitude/config の設定を上書きします)。

           This corresponds to the configuration option APT::Install-Recommends

       --remove-user-tag <tag>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto,
           unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag
           <tag> from all packages that are installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if
           with the add-user-tag command.

       --remove-user-tag-from <tag>,<pattern>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto,
           unmarkauto, purge, reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag
           <tag> from all packages that match <pattern> as if with the remove-user-tag command.
           The pattern is a search pattern as described in the section 「Search Patterns」 in the
           aptitude reference manual.

           For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --remove-user-tag-from
           "not-upgraded,?action(upgrade)" will remove the not-upgraded tag from all packages
           that the safe-upgrade command is able to upgrade.

       -s, --simulate
           コマンドラインモードで、通常なら実行されるアクションを、実際には実行せずに表示しま
           す。これには root 権限は要りません。ビジュアルインタフェースでは、使用者が root である
           かないかに関わらず、常に読み取り専用モードでキャッシュを開きます。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::Simulate に相当します。

       --safe-resolver
           When package dependency problems are encountered, use a 「safe」 algorithm to solve
           them. This resolver attempts to preserve as many of your choices as possible; it will
           never remove a package or install a version of a package other than the package's
           default candidate version. It is the same algorithm used in safe-upgrade; indeed,
           aptitude --safe-resolver full-upgrade is equivalent to aptitude safe-upgrade. Because
           safe-upgrade always uses the safe resolver, it does not accept the --safe-resolver
           flag.

           This option is equivalent to setting the configuration variable
           Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver to true.

       --schedule-only
           パッケージの状態を変化させるコマンドに対して、操作をその場では実行せずに、将来実行する
           よう設定します。引数を与えずに aptitude install を実行すると、設定されたアクションを実
           際に行うことができます。これは、ビジュアルモードで相当する選択を行ってからプログラムを
           正常に終了させるのと等価です。

           例えば、aptitude --schedule-only install evolution を実行すると、evolution パッケージ
           を後でインストールするよう設定できます。

       --show-package-names <when>
           Controls when the versions command shows package names. The following settings are
           allowed:

           •   always: display package names every time that aptitude versions runs.

           •   auto: display package names when aptitude versions runs if the output is not
               grouped by package, and either there is a pattern-matching argument or there is
               more than one argument.

           •   never: never display package names in the output of aptitude versions.

           This option corresponds to the configuration item
           Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Show-Package-Names.

       --show-resolver-actions
           Display the actions performed by the 「safe」 resolver and by safe-upgrade.

           When executing the command safe-upgrade or when the option --safe-resolver is present,
           aptitude will display a summary of the actions performed by the resolver before
           printing the installation preview. This is equivalent to the configuration option
           Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::Show-Resolver-Actions.

       --show-summary[=<MODE>]
           Changes the behavior of 「aptitude why」 to summarize each dependency chain that it
           outputs, rather than displaying it in long form. If this option is present and <MODE>
           is not 「no-summary」, chains that contain Suggests dependencies will not be
           displayed: combine --show-summary with -v to see a summary of all the reasons for the
           target package to be installed.

           <MODE> can be any one of the following:

            1. no-summary: don't show a summary (the default behavior if --show-summary is not
               present).

            2. first-package: display the first package in each chain. This is the default value
               of <MODE> if it is not present.

            3. first-package-and-type: display the first package in each chain, along with the
               strength of the weakest dependency in the chain.

            4. all-packages: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target
               package.

            5. all-packages-with-dep-versions: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading
               to the target package, including the target version of each dependency.

           This option corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary; if
           --show-summary is present on the command-line, it will override
           Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary.

           例12 Usage of --show-summary --show-summary used with -v to display all the reasons a
           package is installed:

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 cupsys-driver-gutenprint
                 foomatic-db-engine
                 foomatic-db-gutenprint
                 foomatic-db-hpijs
                 foomatic-filters-ppds
                 foomatic-gui
                 kde
                 printconf
                 wine

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary=first-package-and-type why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 [Depends] cupsys-driver-gutenprint
                 [Depends] foomatic-db-engine
                 [Depends] foomatic-db-gutenprint
                 [Depends] foomatic-db-hpijs
                 [Depends] foomatic-filters-ppds
                 [Depends] foomatic-gui
                 [Depends] kde
                 [Depends] printconf
                 [Depends] wine

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 kde D: kdeadmin R: system-config-printer-kde D: system-config-printer R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 wine D: libwine-print D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 printconf D: foomatic-db

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages-with-dep-versions why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint (>= 5.0.2-4) D: cups (>= 1.3.0) R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 kde D: kdeadmin (>= 4:3.5.5) R: system-config-printer-kde (>= 4:4.2.2-1) D: system-config-printer (>= 1.0.0) R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 wine D: libwine-print (= 1.1.15-1) D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic (>= 0.7.9.2) D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 printconf D: foomatic-db

           --show-summary used to list a chain on one line:

               $ aptitude --show-summary=all-packages why aptitude-gtk libglib2.0-data
               Packages requiring libglib2.0-data:
                 aptitude-gtk D: libglib2.0-0 R: libglib2.0-data

       -t <リリース>, --target-release <リリース>
           インストールするパッケージが基づくリリースを設定します。例えば、「aptitude -t
           experimental ...」とすると、他のリリースを明示的に指定しないかぎり experimental ディス
           トリビューションからパッケージをインストールします。コマンドラインアクション
           「changelog」および「download」、「show」に対しては、これは、コマンドラインに名前を連
           ねられた各パッケージに /<リリース> を付記するのと等価です。それ以外のコマンドに対して
           は、これは、apt_preferences(5) で説明されている規則に従って、パッケージのデフォルトの
           バージョン候補に影響します。

           これは設定項目 APT::Default-Release に相当します。

       -V, --show-versions
           パッケージのどのバージョンがインストールされるか表示します。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Versions に相当します。

       -v, --verbose
           いくつかのコマンド (例えば show) が付加的な情報を表示するようにします。さらに詳しい情
           報を得るために、このオプションを何回も繰り返し与えてもかまいません。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose に相当します。

       --version
           aptitude のバージョンや、そのコンパイル方法に関する情報を表示します。

       --visual-preview
           コマンドラインからパッケージのインストールや削除を行うときに、通常のプロンプトを表示す
           る代わりに、ビジュアルインタフェースを立ち上げてそのプレビュー画面を表示します。

       -W, --show-why
           In the preview displayed before packages are installed or removed, show which manually
           installed package requires each automatically installed package. For instance:

               $ aptitude --show-why install mediawiki
               ...
               The following NEW packages will be installed:
                 libapache2-mod-php5{a} (for mediawiki)  mediawiki  php5{a} (for mediawiki)
                 php5-cli{a} (for mediawiki)  php5-common{a} (for mediawiki)
                 php5-mysql{a} (for mediawiki)

           When combined with -v or a non-zero value for Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose, this
           displays the entire chain of dependencies that lead each package to be installed. For
           instance:

               $ aptitude -v --show-why install libdb4.2-dev
               The following NEW packages will be installed:
                 libdb4.2{a} (libdb4.2-dev D: libdb4.2)  libdb4.2-dev
               The following packages will be REMOVED:
                 libdb4.4-dev{a} (libdb4.2-dev C: libdb-dev P<- libdb-dev)

           This option will also describe why packages are being removed, as shown above. In this
           example, libdb4.2-dev conflicts with libdb-dev, which is provided by libdb-dev.

           This argument corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Why and
           displays the same information that is computed by aptitude why and aptitude why-not.

       -w <>, --width <>
           search コマンドからの出力に用いられる画面の幅を指定します (デフォルトではターミナルの
           幅が用いられます)。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Width に相当します。

       -y, --assume-yes
           yes/no プロンプトが表示されたときにユーザが「yes」と入力したと仮定します。特に、パッ
           ケージをインストール・更新・削除するときに現れるプロンプトを隠します。必須パッケージの
           削除などといった「危険な」アクションに対するプロンプトはそのまま表示され続けます。この
           オプションは -P を上書きします。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-Yes に相当します。

       -Z
           インストール・更新・削除される各パッケージがどの程度のディスク領域を使用または解放する
           かを表示します。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-Changes に相当します。

       以下のオプションがプログラムのビジュアルモードに適用できますが、これらは主に内部で使用する
       ためのものです。あなたがこれらを自分で使う必要は、通常はありません。

       --autoclean-on-startup
           Deletes old downloaded files when the program starts (equivalent to starting the
           program and immediately selecting Actions → Clean obsolete files). You cannot use this
           option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「-i」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

       --clean-on-startup
           Cleans the package cache when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program
           and immediately selecting Actions → Clean package cache). You cannot use this option
           and 「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「-i」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

       -i
           Displays a download preview when the program starts (equivalent to starting the
           program and immediately pressing 「g」). You cannot use this option and
           「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「--clean-on-startup」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

       -S <ファイル名>
           標準の状態ファイルではなく <ファイル名> から拡張状態情報をロードします。

       -u
           Begins updating the package lists as soon as the program starts. You cannot use this
           option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「--clean-on-startup」, or 「-i」 at the same
           time.

環境変数

       HOME
           If $HOME/.aptitude exists, aptitude will store its configuration file in
           $HOME/.aptitude/config. Otherwise, it will look up the current user's home directory
           using getpwuid(2) and place its configuration file there.

       PAGERaptitude changelog」が呼び出されたときに、この環境変数が設定されていると、aptitude
           は更新履歴を表示するのにそれを用います。設定されていない場合のデフォルトは more です。

       TMP
           TMPDIR が設定されていなく TMP が設定されている場合、aptitudeTMP に一時ファイルを保
           存します。そうでない場合は /tmp に保存します。

       TMPDIR
           この環境変数で示される一時ディレクトリに aptitude は一時ファイルを保存します。TMPDIR
           が設定されていない場合、TMP が使用されます。TMP も設定されていない場合、aptitude/tmp を使用します。

FILES

       /var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates
           The file in which stored package states and some package flags are stored.

       /etc/apt/apt.conf, /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/*, ~/.aptitude/config
           The configuration files for aptitude.  ~/.aptitude/config overrides /etc/apt/apt.conf.
           See apt.conf(5) for documentation of the format and contents of these files.

SEE ALSO

       apt-get(8), apt(8), aptitude-doc-<言語> パッケージの /usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/<
       >/index.html

著者

       Burrows Daniel[FAMILY Given] <dburrows@debian.org>
           Main author of the document.

       Fernandez Montecelo Manuel A.[FAMILY Given] <mafm@debian.org>
           Added documentation about new features, corrections and formatting.

製作著作

       Copyright 2004-2011 Daniel Burrows.

       This manual page is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
       terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
       either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

       This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
       WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program;
       if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
       Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.