xenial (8) aptitude-curses.8.gz

Provided by: aptitude_0.7.4-2ubuntu2_amd64 bug

名前

       aptitude - パッケージマネージャの高レベルインタフェース

概要

       aptitude [<options>...] {autoclean | clean | forget-new | keep-all | update}

       aptitude [<options>...] {full-upgrade | safe-upgrade} [<packages>...]

       aptitude [<options>...] {build-dep | build-depends | changelog | download | forbid-version | hold |
                install | markauto | purge | reinstall | remove | show | unhold | unmarkauto | versions}
                <packages>...

       aptitude extract-cache-subset <output-directory> <packages>...

       aptitude [<オプション>...] search <パターン>...

       aptitude [<options>...] {add-user-tag | remove-user-tag} <tag> <packages>...

       aptitude [<options>...] {why | why-not} [<patterns>...] <package>

       aptitude [-S <fname>] [--autoclean-on-startup | --clean-on-startup | -i | -u]

       aptitude help

説明

       aptitude は Debian GNU/Linux のパッケージシステムに対するテキストベースのインタフェースです。

       ユーザはパッケージの一覧を表示したり、パッケージのインストール・更新・削除などといったパッケージ管理作業
       を行ったりできます。アクションはビジュアルインタフェースとコマンドラインから行えます。

COMMAND-LINE ACTIONS

       ハイフン (「-」) から始まらない最初の引数は、プログラムが行うアクションだと見なされます。アクションがコマ
       ンドラインで与えられない場合、aptitude はビジュアルモードで起動します。

       以下のアクションが利用可能です。

       install
           Install one or more packages. The packages should be listed after the 「install」 command; if a
           package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a
           search pattern and every package matching the pattern will be installed (see the section 「Search
           Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

           To select a particular version of the package, append 「=<version>」 to the package name: for
           instance, 「aptitude install apt=0.3.1」. Similarly, to select a package from a particular archive,
           append 「/<archive>」 to the package name: for instance, 「aptitude install apt/experimental」. You
           cannot specify both an archive and a version for a package.

           必ずしも、コマンドラインに連ねられたパッケージすべてがインストール対象でなければいけないわけではあり
           ません。パッケージ名に「上書き指定子」を付記すると、そのパッケージに対して aptitude に別のことをさせ
           ることが可能です。例えば、aptitude remove wesnoth+ とすると、wesnoth を削除ではなくインストールできま
           す。以下の上書き指定子が利用可能です。

           <パッケージ>+
               <パッケージ> をインストールします。

           <パッケージ>+M
               <パッケージ> をインストールし、その後すぐに、自動的にインストールされたという印をそれに添付します
               (<パッケージ> に依存するものがなくなった場合、そのパッケージはすぐに削除されてしまうことに注意し
               てください)。

           <パッケージ>-
               <パッケージ> を削除します。

           <パッケージ>_
               <パッケージ> を完全削除します。すなわち、パッケージ自体とそれに関連する設定ファイルやデータファイ
               ルを削除します。

           <パッケージ>=
               <パッケージ> を固定します。すなわち、今後どのようなインストール・更新・削除を行っても、このパッ
               ケージは自動的には更新されません。

           <パッケージ>:
               <パッケージ> を現在のバージョンに一時的に固定します。つまり、インストール・削除・更新をすべて取り
               消します。「hold」 (前述) とは異なり、このコマンドを用いても将来パッケージが自動的に更新されなく
               なることはありません。

           <パッケージ>&M
               自動的にインストールされたという印を <パッケージ> に添付します。

           <パッケージ>&m
               手動でインストールされたという印を <パッケージ> に添付します。

           <package>&BD
               Install the build-dependencies of a <package>.

           特別な場合として、引数を与えずに「install」を実行すると、保存されているアクションや実行されていないア
           クションが実行されます。

               注記
               最終確認用のプロンプトで一度 Y を入力すると、「install」コマンドは、実行するアクションに関する
               aptitude の保存情報を変更します。したがって、例えばコマンド「aptitude install foo bar」を発行
               し、aptitude がダウンロードやインストールを開始した時点でインストールを破棄する場合、その命令を取
               り消すために「aptitude remove foo bar」を実行する必要があります。

       remove, purge, hold, unhold, keep, reinstall
           These commands are the same as 「install」, but apply the named action to all packages given on the
           command line for which it is not overridden. The difference between hold and keep is that hold will
           cause a package to be ignored by future safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, while keep merely
           cancels any scheduled actions on the package.  unhold will allow a package to be upgraded by future
           safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, without otherwise altering its state.

           例えば、「aptitude remove '~ndeity'」とすると、「deity」を名前に含むパッケージがすべて削除されます。

       markauto, unmarkauto
           それぞれ、自動的にインストールされた、および手動でインストールされたという印をパッケージに添付しま
           す。パッケージの指定は「install」コマンドとまったく同じ方法で行います。例えば「aptitude markauto
           '~slibs'」を実行すると、「libs」セクションのパッケージすべてに、自動的にインストールされたという印が
           添付されます。

           自動的にインストールしたパッケージについてのさらに詳しい情報は、aptitude リファレンスマニュアルの「自
           動的にインストールしたパッケージの管理」セクションを参照してください。

       build-depends, build-dep
           Satisfy the build-dependencies of a package. Each package name may be a source package, in which case
           the build dependencies of that source package are installed; otherwise, binary packages are found in
           the same way as for the 「install」 command, and the build-dependencies of the source packages that
           build those binary packages are satisfied.

           If the command-line parameter --arch-only is present, only architecture-dependent build dependencies
           (i.e., not Build-Depends-Indep or Build-Conflicts-Indep) will be obeyed.

       forbid-version
           Forbid a package from being upgraded to a particular version. This will prevent aptitude from
           automatically upgrading to this version, but will allow automatic upgrades to future versions. By
           default, aptitude will select the version to which the package would normally be upgraded; you may
           override this selection by appending 「=<version>」 to the package name: for instance, 「aptitude
           forbid-version vim=1.2.3.broken-4」.

           This command is useful for avoiding broken versions of packages without having to set and clear
           manual holds. If you decide you really want the forbidden version after all, 「aptitude install
           <package>」 will remove the ban.

       update
           apt 入手先から入手可能なパッケージの一覧を更新します (これは、「apt-get update」と等価です)。

       safe-upgrade
           Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version. Installed packages will not be removed
           unless they are unused (see the section 「Managing Automatically Installed Packages」 in the aptitude
           reference manual). Packages which are not currently installed may be installed to resolve
           dependencies unless the --no-new-installs command-line option is supplied.

           If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that
           can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed
           to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude
           install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude
           safe-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.

           It is sometimes necessary to remove one package in order to upgrade another; this command is not able
           to upgrade packages in such situations. Use the full-upgrade command to upgrade as many packages as
           possible.

       full-upgrade
           Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version, removing or installing packages as
           necessary. This command is less conservative than safe-upgrade and thus more likely to perform
           unwanted actions. However, it is capable of upgrading packages that safe-upgrade cannot upgrade.

           If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that
           can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed
           to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude
           install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude
           full-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.

               注記
               This command was originally named dist-upgrade for historical reasons, and aptitude still
               recognizes dist-upgrade as a synonym for full-upgrade.

       keep-all
           設定されていたアクションをすべてのパッケージについて取り消します。つまり、インストール・削除・更新と
           いった面倒な状態をもったあらゆるパッケージから、そういった状態を取り除きます。

       forget-new
           どのパッケージが「新規」かについての内部情報を消去します (ビジュアルモードで「f」を押すのと等価で
           す)。

       search
           Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the command line. All packages which
           match any of the given patterns will be displayed; for instance, 「aptitude search '~N' edit」 will
           list all 「new」 packages and all packages whose name contains 「edit」. For more information on
           search patterns, see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual.

               注記
               In the example above, 「aptitude search '~N' edit」 has two arguments after search and thus is
               searching for two patterns: 「~N」 and 「edit」. As described in the search pattern reference, a
               single pattern composed of two sub-patterns separated by a space (such as 「~N edit」) matches
               only if both patterns match. Thus, the command 「aptitude search '~N edit'」 will only show
               「new」 packages whose name contains 「edit」.
           -F オプションを与えない場合、aptitude search の出力はこのようになります。

               i   apt                             - Advanced front-end for dpkg
               pi  apt-build                       - frontend to apt to build, optimize and in
               cp  apt-file                        - APT package searching utility -- command-
               ihA raptor-utils                    - Raptor RDF Parser utilities

           検索結果はそれぞれ異なる行に一覧表示されます。各行の第 1 文字はパッケージの現在の状態を示します。最も
           ありふれた状態は、システムにパッケージが存在した形跡がないという意味の p、パッケージが削除されたがシ
           ステムに設定ファイルが残っているという意味の c、パッケージがインストールされているという意味の
           i、パッケージが仮想パッケージであるという意味の v です。第 2 文字は、パッケージに対して行うよう保存さ
           れたアクションを示します (アクションが存在する場合で、なければ空欄が表示されます)。最もありふれた状態
           は、パッケージがインストール予定であるという意味の i、パッケージが削除予定であるという意味の d、パッ
           ケージおよびその設定ファイルが削除予定であるという意味の p です。第 3 文字が A である場合、そのパッ
           ケージは自動的にインストールされたものです。

           For a complete list of the possible state and action flags, see the section 「Accessing Package
           Information」 in the aptitude reference guide. To customize the output of search, see the
           command-line options -F and --sort.

       show
           Displays detailed information about one or more packages. If a package name contains a tilde
           character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a search pattern and all matching
           packages will be displayed (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

           饒舌レベルが 1 以上の場合 (つまり、コマンドラインに -v が 1 つ以上与えられている場合)、そのパッケージ
           のすべてのバージョンについて情報が表示されます。それ以外の場合は「バージョン候補」(「aptitude
           install」がダウンロードするバージョン) に関する情報が表示されます。

           You can display information about a different version of the package by appending =<version> to the
           package name; you can display the version from a particular archive or release by appending
           /<archive> or /<release> to the package name: for instance, /unstable or /sid. If either of these is
           present, then only the version you request will be displayed, regardless of the verbosity level.

           饒舌レベルが 1 以上の場合、パッケージのアーキテクチャ・圧縮サイズ・ファイル名・md5sum の各フィールド
           が表示されます。饒舌レベルが 2 以上の場合、各アーカイブについて、そのアーカイブがもつ 1 つ以上の選択
           バージョンが一度ずつ表示されます。

       versions
           Displays the versions of the packages listed on the command-line.

               $ aptitude versions wesnoth
               p   1:1.4.5-1                                                             100
               p   1:1.6.5-1                                    unstable                 500
               p   1:1.7.14-1                                   experimental             1

           Each version is listed on a separate line. The leftmost three characters indicate the current state,
           planned state (if any), and whether the package was automatically installed; for more information on
           their meanings, see the documentation of aptitude search. To the right of the version number you can
           find the releases from which the version is available, and the pin priority of the version.

           If a package name contains a tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated
           as a search pattern and all matching versions will be displayed (see the section 「Search Patterns」
           in the aptitude reference manual). This means that, for instance, aptitude versions '~i' will display
           all the versions that are currently installed on the system and nothing else, not even other versions
           of the same packages.

               $ aptitude versions '~nexim4-daemon-light'
               Package exim4-daemon-light:
               i   4.71-3                                                                100
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

               Package exim4-daemon-light-dbg:
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

           If the input is a search pattern, or if more than one package's versions are to be displayed,
           aptitude will automatically group the output by package, as shown above. You can disable this via
           --group-by=none, in which case aptitude will display a single list of all the versions that were
           found and automatically include the package name in each output line:

               $ aptitude versions --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
               i   exim4-daemon-light 4.71-3                                             100
               p   exim4-daemon-light 4.71-4                    unstable                 500
               p   exim4-daemon-light-dbg 4.71-4                unstable                 500

           To disable the package name, pass --show-package-names=never:

               $ aptitude versions --show-package-names=never --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
               i   4.71-3                                                                100
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500
               p   4.71-4                                       unstable                 500

           In addition to the above options, the information printed for each version can be controlled by the
           command-line option -F. The order in which versions are displayed can be controlled by the
           command-line option --sort. To prevent aptitude from formatting the output into columns, use
           --disable-columns.

       add-user-tag, remove-user-tag
           Adds a user tag to or removes a user tag from the selected group of packages. If a package name
           contains a tilde (「~」) or question mark (「?」), it is treated as a search pattern and the tag is
           added to or removed from all the packages that match the pattern (see the section 「Search Patterns」
           in the aptitude reference manual).

           User tags are arbitrary strings associated with a package. They can be used with the ?user-tag(<tag>)
           search term, which will select all the packages that have a user tag matching <tag>.

       why, why-not
           Explains the reason that a particular package should or cannot be installed on the system.

           This command searches for packages that require or conflict with the given package. It displays a
           sequence of dependencies leading to the target package, along with a note indicating the installed
           state of each package in the dependency chain:

               $ aptitude why kdepim
               i   nautilus-data Recommends nautilus
               i A nautilus      Recommends desktop-base (>= 0.2)
               i A desktop-base  Suggests   gnome | kde | xfce4 | wmaker
               p   kde           Depends    kdepim (>= 4:3.4.3)

           The command why finds a dependency chain that installs the package named on the command line, as
           above. Note that the dependency that aptitude produced in this case is only a suggestion. This is
           because no package currently installed on this computer depends on or recommends the kdepim package;
           if a stronger dependency were available, aptitude would have displayed it.

           In contrast, why-not finds a dependency chain leading to a conflict with the target package:

               $ aptitude why-not textopo
               i   ocaml-core          Depends   ocamlweb
               i A ocamlweb            Depends   tetex-extra | texlive-latex-extra
               i A texlive-latex-extra Conflicts textopo

           If one or more <pattern>s are present, then aptitude will begin its search at these patterns; that
           is, the first package in the chain it prints will be a package matching the pattern in question. The
           patterns are considered to be package names unless they contain a tilde character (「~」) or a
           question mark (「?」), in which case they are treated as search patterns (see the section 「Search
           Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual).

           If no patterns are present, then aptitude will search for dependency chains beginning at manually
           installed packages. This effectively shows the packages that have caused or would cause a given
           package to be installed.

               注記
               aptitude why does not perform full dependency resolution; it only displays direct relationships
               between packages. For instance, if A requires B, C requires D, and B and C conflict, 「aptitude
               why-not D」 will not produce the answer 「A depends on B, B conflicts with C, and D depends on
               C」.
           By default aptitude outputs only the 「most installed, strongest, tightest, shortest」 dependency
           chain. That is, it looks for a chain that only contains packages which are installed or will be
           installed; it looks for the strongest possible dependencies under that restriction; it looks for
           chains that avoid ORed dependencies and Provides; and it looks for the shortest dependency chain
           meeting those criteria. These rules are progressively weakened until a match is found.

           If the verbosity level is 1 or more, then all the explanations aptitude can find will be displayed,
           in inverse order of relevance. If the verbosity level is 2 or more, a truly excessive amount of
           debugging information will be printed to standard output.

           This command returns 0 if successful, 1 if no explanation could be constructed, and -1 if an error
           occurred.

       clean
           以前ダウンロードした .deb ファイルをパッケージキャッシュディレクトリ (通常 /var/cache/apt/archives)
           から削除します。

       autoclean
           もうダウンロードできない、キャッシュされたパッケージを削除します。これによって、完全に削除しないかぎ
           りキャッシュが時間とともに肥大化してしまい制御できなくなる、という事態を防げます。

       changelog
           指定されたソースパッケージまたはバイナリパッケージの各々について、Debian パッケージ更新履歴をダウン
           ロードして表示します。

           By default, the changelog for the version which would be installed with 「aptitude install」 is
           downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package
           name; you can select the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or
           /<release> to the package name (for instance, /unstable or /sid).

       download
           Downloads the .deb file for the given package to the current directory. If a package name contains a
           tilde character (「~」) or a question mark (「?」), it will be treated as a search pattern and all
           the matching packages will be downloaded (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude
           reference manual).

           By default, the version which would be installed with 「aptitude install」 is downloaded. You can
           select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package name; you can select
           the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package
           name (for instance: /unstable or /sid).

       extract-cache-subset
           Copy the apt configuration directory (/etc/apt) and a subset of the package database to the specified
           directory. If no packages are listed, the entire package database is copied; otherwise only the
           entries corresponding to the named packages are copied. Each package name may be a search pattern,
           and all the packages matching that pattern will be selected (see the section 「Search Patterns」 in
           the aptitude reference manual). Any existing package database files in the output directory will be
           overwritten.

           Dependencies in binary package stanzas will be rewritten to remove references to packages not in the
           selected set.

       help
           利用可能なコマンドとオプションを簡潔にまとめて表示します。

オプション

       以上のアクションの振る舞いを変更するのに、以下のオプションが利用可能です。どのオプションも全てのコマンド
       に使えますが、オプションによっては特定のコマンドに適用できず無視されます。

       --add-user-tag <tag>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade, forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
           reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that are installed,
           removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the add-user-tag command.

       --add-user-tag-to <tag>,<pattern>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
           reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that match
           <pattern> as if with the add-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the
           section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual.

           For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --add-user-tag-to "new-installs,?action(install)" will add the
           tag new-installs to all the packages installed by the safe-upgrade command.

       --allow-new-upgrades
           When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed, the action is safe-upgrade,
           or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to install
           upgrades for packages regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.

       --allow-new-installs
           Allow the safe-upgrade command to install new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e.,
           --safe-resolver was passed, the action is safe-upgrade, or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set
           to true), allow the dependency resolver to install new packages. This option takes effect regardless
           of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.

       --allow-untrusted
           Install packages from untrusted sources without prompting. You should only use this if you know what
           you are doing, as it could easily compromise your system's security.

       --disable-columns
           This option causes aptitude search and aptitude versions to output their results without any special
           formatting. In particular: normally aptitude will add whitespace or truncate search results in an
           attempt to fit its results into vertical 「columns」. With this flag, each line will be formed by
           replacing any format escapes in the format string with the corresponding text; column widths will be
           ignored.

           For instance, the first few lines of output from 「aptitude search -F '%p %V' --disable-columns
           libedataserver」 might be:

               disksearch 1.2.1-3
               hp-search-mac 0.1.3
               libbsearch-ruby 1.5-5
               libbsearch-ruby1.8 1.5-5
               libclass-dbi-abstractsearch-perl 0.07-2
               libdbix-fulltextsearch-perl 0.73-10

           As in the above example, --disable-columns is often useful in combination with a custom display
           format set using the command-line option -F.

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Disable-Columns.

       -D, --show-deps
           For commands that will install or remove packages (install, full-upgrade, etc), show brief
           explanations of automatic installations and removals.

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps に相当します。

       -d, --download-only
           必要に応じてパッケージをパッケージキャッシュにダウンロードしますが、インストールや削除はしません。デ
           フォルトでは、パッケージキャッシュは /var/cache/apt/archives に保存されます。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-Only に相当します。

       -F <フォーマット>, --display-format <フォーマット>
           Specify the format which should be used to display output from the search and versions commands. For
           instance, passing 「%p %v %V」 for <format> will display a package's name, followed by its currently
           installed version and its candidate version (see the section 「Customizing how packages are
           displayed」 in the aptitude reference manual for more information).

           The command-line option --disable-columns is often useful in combination with -F.

           For search, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Format;
           for versions, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Version-Display-Format.

       -f
           コマンドラインで要求されたアクションを無視することになってもなお、破損パッケージの依存関係を修正しよ
           うとします。

           これは設定項目 Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken に相当します。

       --full-resolver
           When package dependency problems are encountered, use the default 「full」 resolver to solve them.
           Unlike the 「safe」 resolver activated by --safe-resolver, the full resolver will happily remove
           packages to fulfill dependencies. It can resolve more situations than the safe algorithm, but its
           solutions are more likely to be undesirable.

           This option can be used to force the use of the full resolver even when
           Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is true.

       --group-by <grouping-mode>
           Control how the versions command groups its output. The following values are recognized:

           •   archive to group packages by the archive they occur in (「stable」, 「unstable」, etc). If a
               package occurs in several archives, it will be displayed in each of them.

           •   auto to group versions by their package unless there is exactly one argument and it is not a
               search pattern.

           •   none to display all the versions in a single list without any grouping.

           •   package to group versions by their package.

           •   source-package to group versions by their source package.

           •   source-version to group versions by their source package and source version.

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Group-By.

       -h, --help
           簡潔なヘルプメッセージを表示します。help アクションと同一です。

       --log-file=<file>
           If <file> is a nonempty string, log messages will be written to it, except that if <file> is 「-」,
           the messages will be written to standard output instead. If this option appears multiple times, the
           last occurrence is the one that will take effect.

           This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed (/var/log/aptitude); the
           log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and debugging
           messages. See the command-line option --log-level to get more control over what gets logged.

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Logging::File.

       --log-level=<level>, --log-level=<category>:<level>
           --log-level=<level> causes aptitude to only log messages whose level is <level> or higher. For
           instance, setting the log level to error will cause only messages at the log levels error and fatal
           to be displayed; all others will be hidden. Valid log levels (in descending order) are off, fatal,
           error, warn, info, debug, and trace. The default log level is warn.

           --log-level=<category>:<level> causes messages in <category> to only be logged if their level is
           <level> or higher.

           --log-level may appear multiple times on the command line; the most specific setting is the one that
           takes effect, so if you pass --log-level=aptitude.resolver:fatal and
           --log-level=aptitude.resolver.hints.match:trace, then messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.parse will
           only be printed if their level is fatal, but all messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.match will be
           printed. If you set the level of the same category two or more times, the last setting is the one
           that will take effect.

           This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed (/var/log/aptitude); the
           log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and debugging
           messages. See the command-line option --log-file to change where log messages go.

           This corresponds to the configuration group Aptitude::Logging::Levels.

       --log-resolver
           Set some standard log levels related to the resolver, to produce logging output suitable for
           processing with automated tools. This is equivalent to the command-line options
           --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search:trace --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search.tiers:info.

       --no-new-installs
           Prevent safe-upgrade from installing any new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e.,
           --safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the
           dependency resolver from installing new packages. This option takes effect regardless of the value of
           Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.

           This mimics the historical behavior of apt-get upgrade.

       --no-new-upgrades
           When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or
           Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the dependency resolver from installing
           upgrades for packages regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.

       --no-show-resolver-actions
           Do not display the actions performed by the 「safe」 resolver, overriding any configuration option or
           earlier --show-resolver-actions.

       -O <順序>, --sort <順序>
           Specify the order in which output from the search and versions commands should be displayed. For
           instance, passing 「installsize」 for <order> will list packages in order according to their size
           when installed (see the section 「Customizing how packages are sorted」 in the aptitude reference
           manual for more information).

           The default sort order is name,version.

       -o <キー>=<>
           設定ファイルオプションを直接設定します。例えば -o Aptitude::Log=/tmp/my-log を用いると、aptitude のア
           クションを /tmp/my-log に記録できます。設定ファイルオプションについてのさらに詳しい情報は、aptitude
           リファレンスマニュアルの「設定ファイルリファレンス」セクションを参照してください。

       -P, --prompt
           Always display a prompt before downloading, installing or removing packages, even when no actions
           other than those explicitly requested will be performed.

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt に相当します。

       --purge-unused
           If Aptitude::Delete-Unused is set to 「true」 (its default), then in addition to removing each
           package that is no longer required by any installed package, aptitude will also purge them, removing
           their configuration files and perhaps other important data. For more information about which packages
           are considered to be 「unused」, see the section 「Managing Automatically Installed Packages」 in the
           aptitude reference manual.  THIS OPTION CAN CAUSE DATA LOSS! DO NOT USE IT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU
           ARE DOING!

           This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Purge-Unused.

       -q[=<n>], --quiet[=<n>]
           すべての進行状況を逐一表示させず、したがって出力を記録可能にします。プログラムの出力をより少なくする
           ために、このオプションを何回も繰り返し与えてもかまいません。しかし apt-get とは異なり、aptitude で
           は、-q を複数回与えた場合は -y を与えることはできません。

           任意で =<n> をつけると、出力の少なさを直接設定できます (例えば、/etc/apt/apt.conf の設定を上書きする
           のに利用できます)。このときプログラムは、-q をちょうど <n> 回与えたときのように振る舞います。

       -R, --without-recommends
           Do not treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this overrides settings in
           /etc/apt/apt.conf and ~/.aptitude/config). Packages previously installed due to recommendations will
           not be removed.

           This corresponds to the pair of configuration options APT::Install-Recommends and
           APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant.

       -r, --with-recommends
           新しいパッケージをインストールする際に、推奨を依存関係として扱います (これは、/etc/apt/apt.conf およ
           び ~/.aptitude/config の設定を上書きします)。

           This corresponds to the configuration option APT::Install-Recommends

       --remove-user-tag <tag>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
           reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that are
           installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the add-user-tag command.

       --remove-user-tag-from <tag>,<pattern>
           For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
           reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that match
           <pattern> as if with the remove-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the
           section 「Search Patterns」 in the aptitude reference manual.

           For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --remove-user-tag-from "not-upgraded,?action(upgrade)" will
           remove the not-upgraded tag from all packages that the safe-upgrade command is able to upgrade.

       -s, --simulate
           コマンドラインモードで、通常なら実行されるアクションを、実際には実行せずに表示します。これには root
           権限は要りません。ビジュアルインタフェースでは、使用者が root であるかないかに関わらず、常に読み取り
           専用モードでキャッシュを開きます。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::Simulate に相当します。

       --safe-resolver
           When package dependency problems are encountered, use a 「safe」 algorithm to solve them. This
           resolver attempts to preserve as many of your choices as possible; it will never remove a package or
           install a version of a package other than the package's default candidate version. It is the same
           algorithm used in safe-upgrade; indeed, aptitude --safe-resolver full-upgrade is equivalent to
           aptitude safe-upgrade. Because safe-upgrade always uses the safe resolver, it does not accept the
           --safe-resolver flag.

           This option is equivalent to setting the configuration variable Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver to
           true.

       --schedule-only
           パッケージの状態を変化させるコマンドに対して、操作をその場では実行せずに、将来実行するよう設定しま
           す。引数を与えずに aptitude install を実行すると、設定されたアクションを実際に行うことができます。こ
           れは、ビジュアルモードで相当する選択を行ってからプログラムを正常に終了させるのと等価です。

           例えば、aptitude --schedule-only install evolution を実行すると、evolution パッケージを後でインストー
           ルするよう設定できます。

       --show-package-names <when>
           Controls when the versions command shows package names. The following settings are allowed:

           •   always: display package names every time that aptitude versions runs.

           •   auto: display package names when aptitude versions runs if the output is not grouped by package,
               and either there is a pattern-matching argument or there is more than one argument.

           •   never: never display package names in the output of aptitude versions.

           This option corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Show-Package-Names.

       --show-resolver-actions
           Display the actions performed by the 「safe」 resolver and by safe-upgrade.

           When executing the command safe-upgrade or when the option --safe-resolver is present, aptitude will
           display a summary of the actions performed by the resolver before printing the installation preview.
           This is equivalent to the configuration option Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::Show-Resolver-Actions.

       --show-summary[=<MODE>]
           Changes the behavior of 「aptitude why」 to summarize each dependency chain that it outputs, rather
           than displaying it in long form. If this option is present and <MODE> is not 「no-summary」, chains
           that contain Suggests dependencies will not be displayed: combine --show-summary with -v to see a
           summary of all the reasons for the target package to be installed.

           <MODE> can be any one of the following:

            1. no-summary: don't show a summary (the default behavior if --show-summary is not present).

            2. first-package: display the first package in each chain. This is the default value of <MODE> if it
               is not present.

            3. first-package-and-type: display the first package in each chain, along with the strength of the
               weakest dependency in the chain.

            4. all-packages: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target package.

            5. all-packages-with-dep-versions: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target
               package, including the target version of each dependency.

           This option corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary; if --show-summary
           is present on the command-line, it will override Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary.

           例12 Usage of --show-summary --show-summary used with -v to display all the reasons a package is
           installed:

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 cupsys-driver-gutenprint
                 foomatic-db-engine
                 foomatic-db-gutenprint
                 foomatic-db-hpijs
                 foomatic-filters-ppds
                 foomatic-gui
                 kde
                 printconf
                 wine

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary=first-package-and-type why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 [Depends] cupsys-driver-gutenprint
                 [Depends] foomatic-db-engine
                 [Depends] foomatic-db-gutenprint
                 [Depends] foomatic-db-hpijs
                 [Depends] foomatic-filters-ppds
                 [Depends] foomatic-gui
                 [Depends] kde
                 [Depends] printconf
                 [Depends] wine

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 kde D: kdeadmin R: system-config-printer-kde D: system-config-printer R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 wine D: libwine-print D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 printconf D: foomatic-db

               $ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages-with-dep-versions why foomatic-db
               Packages requiring foomatic-db:
                 cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint (>= 5.0.2-4) D: cups (>= 1.3.0) R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 kde D: kdeadmin (>= 4:3.5.5) R: system-config-printer-kde (>= 4:4.2.2-1) D: system-config-printer (>= 1.0.0) R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 wine D: libwine-print (= 1.1.15-1) D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
                 foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic (>= 0.7.9.2) D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
                 printconf D: foomatic-db

           --show-summary used to list a chain on one line:

               $ aptitude --show-summary=all-packages why aptitude-gtk libglib2.0-data
               Packages requiring libglib2.0-data:
                 aptitude-gtk D: libglib2.0-0 R: libglib2.0-data

       -t <リリース>, --target-release <リリース>
           インストールするパッケージが基づくリリースを設定します。例えば、「aptitude -t experimental ...」とす
           ると、他のリリースを明示的に指定しないかぎり experimental ディストリビューションからパッケージをイン
           ストールします。コマンドラインアクション「changelog」および「download」、「show」に対しては、これ
           は、コマンドラインに名前を連ねられた各パッケージに /<リリース> を付記するのと等価です。それ以外のコマ
           ンドに対しては、これは、apt_preferences(5) で説明されている規則に従って、パッケージのデフォルトのバー
           ジョン候補に影響します。

           これは設定項目 APT::Default-Release に相当します。

       -V, --show-versions
           パッケージのどのバージョンがインストールされるか表示します。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Versions に相当します。

       -v, --verbose
           いくつかのコマンド (例えば show) が付加的な情報を表示するようにします。さらに詳しい情報を得るため
           に、このオプションを何回も繰り返し与えてもかまいません。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose に相当します。

       --version
           aptitude のバージョンや、そのコンパイル方法に関する情報を表示します。

       --visual-preview
           コマンドラインからパッケージのインストールや削除を行うときに、通常のプロンプトを表示する代わりに、ビ
           ジュアルインタフェースを立ち上げてそのプレビュー画面を表示します。

       -W, --show-why
           In the preview displayed before packages are installed or removed, show which manually installed
           package requires each automatically installed package. For instance:

               $ aptitude --show-why install mediawiki
               ...
               The following NEW packages will be installed:
                 libapache2-mod-php5{a} (for mediawiki)  mediawiki  php5{a} (for mediawiki)
                 php5-cli{a} (for mediawiki)  php5-common{a} (for mediawiki)
                 php5-mysql{a} (for mediawiki)

           When combined with -v or a non-zero value for Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose, this displays the entire
           chain of dependencies that lead each package to be installed. For instance:

               $ aptitude -v --show-why install libdb4.2-dev
               The following NEW packages will be installed:
                 libdb4.2{a} (libdb4.2-dev D: libdb4.2)  libdb4.2-dev
               The following packages will be REMOVED:
                 libdb4.4-dev{a} (libdb4.2-dev C: libdb-dev P<- libdb-dev)

           This option will also describe why packages are being removed, as shown above. In this example,
           libdb4.2-dev conflicts with libdb-dev, which is provided by libdb-dev.

           This argument corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Why and displays the
           same information that is computed by aptitude why and aptitude why-not.

       -w <>, --width <>
           search コマンドからの出力に用いられる画面の幅を指定します (デフォルトではターミナルの幅が用いられま
           す)。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Width に相当します。

       -y, --assume-yes
           yes/no プロンプトが表示されたときにユーザが「yes」と入力したと仮定します。特に、パッケージをインス
           トール・更新・削除するときに現れるプロンプトを隠します。必須パッケージの削除などといった「危険な」ア
           クションに対するプロンプトはそのまま表示され続けます。このオプションは -P を上書きします。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-Yes に相当します。

       -Z
           インストール・更新・削除される各パッケージがどの程度のディスク領域を使用または解放するかを表示しま
           す。

           これは設定オプション Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-Changes に相当します。

       以下のオプションがプログラムのビジュアルモードに適用できますが、これらは主に内部で使用するためのもので
       す。あなたがこれらを自分で使う必要は、通常はありません。

       --autoclean-on-startup
           Deletes old downloaded files when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and
           immediately selecting Actions → Clean obsolete files). You cannot use this option and
           「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「-i」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

       --clean-on-startup
           Cleans the package cache when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and immediately
           selecting Actions → Clean package cache). You cannot use this option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」,
           「-i」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

       -i
           Displays a download preview when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and
           immediately pressing 「g」). You cannot use this option and 「--autoclean-on-startup」,
           「--clean-on-startup」, or 「-u」 at the same time.

       -S <ファイル名>
           標準の状態ファイルではなく <ファイル名> から拡張状態情報をロードします。

       -u
           Begins updating the package lists as soon as the program starts. You cannot use this option and
           「--autoclean-on-startup」, 「--clean-on-startup」, or 「-i」 at the same time.

環境変数

       HOME
           If $HOME/.aptitude exists, aptitude will store its configuration file in $HOME/.aptitude/config.
           Otherwise, it will look up the current user's home directory using getpwuid(2) and place its
           configuration file there.

       PAGERaptitude changelog」が呼び出されたときに、この環境変数が設定されていると、aptitude は更新履歴を表示
           するのにそれを用います。設定されていない場合のデフォルトは more です。

       TMP
           TMPDIR が設定されていなく TMP が設定されている場合、aptitudeTMP に一時ファイルを保存します。そう
           でない場合は /tmp に保存します。

       TMPDIR
           この環境変数で示される一時ディレクトリに aptitude は一時ファイルを保存します。TMPDIR が設定されていな
           い場合、TMP が使用されます。TMP も設定されていない場合、aptitude/tmp を使用します。

FILES

       /var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates
           The file in which stored package states and some package flags are stored.

       /etc/apt/apt.conf, /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/*, ~/.aptitude/config
           The configuration files for aptitude.  ~/.aptitude/config overrides /etc/apt/apt.conf. See
           apt.conf(5) for documentation of the format and contents of these files.

SEE ALSO

       apt-get(8), apt(8), aptitude-doc-<言語> パッケージの /usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/<言語>/index.html

著者

       Burrows Daniel[FAMILY Given] <dburrows@debian.org>
           Main author of the document.

       Fernandez Montecelo Manuel A.[FAMILY Given] <mafm@debian.org>
           Added documentation about new features, corrections and formatting.

製作著作

       Copyright 2004-2011 Daniel Burrows.

       This manual page is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
       General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
       (at your option) any later version.

       This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
       even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
       Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write
       to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.