xenial (1) blame.1.gz

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NAME

       blame - annotate RCS files

SYNOPSIS

       blame [options] file ...

DESCRIPTION

       blame outputs an annotated revision from each RCS file.  An annotated RCS file describes the revision and
       date in which each line was added to the file, and the author of each line.

       Pathnames matching an RCS suffix denote RCS files; all others denote working files.  Names are paired  as
       explained in ci(1).

       A  revision  is  selected  by options for revision or branch number, checkin date/time, author, or state.
       When the selection options are applied in combination, blame retrieves the latest revision that satisfies
       all  of  them.  If none of the selection options is specified, blame retrieves the latest revision on the
       default branch (normally the trunk, see the -b option of rcs(1)).  The options -d (--date), -s (--state),
       and  -w  (--author)  retrieve  from  a  single  branch,  the  selected  branch,  which is specified by -r
       (--revision), or the default branch.

       blame always performs keyword substitution (see KEYWORD SUBSTITUTION in co(1)).

OPTIONS

       -r, --revision[=rev]
              Retrieves the latest revision whose number is less than or equal  to  rev.   If  rev  indicates  a
              branch  rather  than  a  revision,  the  latest  revision  on that branch is retrieved.  If rev is
              omitted, the latest revision on the default branch (see the -b option of rcs(1)) is annotated.  If
              rev  is  $,  blame  determines  the  revision  number  from  keyword  values  in the working file.
              Otherwise, a revision is composed of one or more numeric or symbolic fields separated by  periods.
              If  rev begins with a period, then the default branch (normally the trunk) is prepended to it.  If
              rev is a branch number followed by a period, then the latest revision on that branch is used.  The
              numeric  equivalent  of a symbolic field is specified with the -n option of the commands ci(1) and
              rcs(1).

       -kkv, --expand=kv
              Generate keyword strings using the default form, e.g. $Revision: 1.3 $ for the  Revision  keyword.
              This is the default.

       -kkvl, --expand=kvl
              Like  -kkv,  except  that a locker's name is inserted into the value of the Header, Id, and Locker
              keyword strings if the given revision is currently locked.

       -kk, --expand=k
              Generate only keyword names in keyword strings; omit their values.  See  KEYWORD  SUBSTITUTION  in
              co(1).   For  example,  for  the  Revision  keyword,  generate  the  string  $Revision$ instead of
              $Revision: 1.3 $.  Log messages  are  inserted  after  $Log$  keywords  even  if  this  option  is
              specified.

       -ko, --expand=o
              Generate  the  old keyword string, present in the working file just before it was checked in.  For
              example, for the Revision keyword, generate the string $Revision: 1.1 $ instead of $Revision:  1.3
              $ if that is how the string appeared when the file was checked in.

       -kb, --expand=b
              Generate  a  binary  image  of the old keyword string.  This acts like -ko, except it performs all
              working file input and output in binary mode.  This makes little  difference  on  Posix  and  Unix
              hosts.

       -kv, --expand=v
              Generate only keyword values for keyword strings.  For example, for the Revision keyword, generate
              the string 1.3 instead of $Revision: 1.3 $.

       -d, --date=date
              Retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch whose checkin date/time is less than or equal
              to  date.  The date and time can be given in free format.  The time zone LT stands for local time;
              other common time zone names are understood.  For example, the following dates are  equivalent  if
              local  time  is  January  11,  1990,  8pm  Pacific  Standard Time, eight hours west of Coordinated
              Universal Time (UTC):

                     8:00 pm lt
                     4:00 AM, Jan. 12, 1990           default is UTC
                     1990-01-12 04:00:00+00           ISO 8601 (UTC)
                     1990-01-11 20:00:00-08           ISO 8601 (local time)
                     1990/01/12 04:00:00              traditional RCS format
                     Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 1990 LT      output of ctime(3) + LT
                     Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 PST 1990     output of date(1)
                     Fri Jan 12 04:00:00 GMT 1990
                     Thu, 11 Jan 1990 20:00:00 -0800  Internet RFC 822
                     12-January-1990, 04:00 WET

              Most fields in the date and time can be defaulted.  The default time zone  is  normally  UTC,  but
              this  can  be  overridden  by the -z option.  The other defaults are determined in the order year,
              month, day, hour, minute, and second (most to least significant).  At least one  of  these  fields
              must  be  provided.   For omitted fields that are of higher significance than the highest provided
              field, the time zone's current values are assumed.  For  all  other  omitted  fields,  the  lowest
              possible values are assumed.  For example, without -z, the date 20, 10:30 defaults to 10:30:00 UTC
              of the 20th of the UTC time zone's current month and year.  The date/time must  be  quoted  if  it
              contains spaces.

       -s, --state=state
              Retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch whose state is set to state.

       -w, --login[=login]
              Retrieves  the  latest revision on the selected branch which was checked in by the user with login
              name login.  If the argument login is omitted, the caller's login is assumed.

       -V, --version[=ver]
              If no argument is supplied, print blame's version number, and the version of RCS  it  emulates  by
              default. Otherwise emulate the specified version.  See co(1) for details.

       -x, --suffixes=suffixes
              Use suffixes to characterize RCS files.  See ci(1) for details.

       -z, --zone=zone
              Specifies  the date output format in keyword substitution, and specifies the default time zone for
              date in the -ddate option.  The zone should be empty, a numeric UTC offset, or the special  string
              LT  for  local  time.   The default is an empty zone, which uses the traditional RCS format of UTC
              without any time zone indication and with slashes separating the parts  of  the  date;  otherwise,
              times  are  output  in  ISO  8601 format with time zone indication.  For example, if local time is
              January 11, 1990, 8pm Pacific Standard Time, eight hours west of UTC, then the time is  output  as
              follows:

                     option    time output
                     -z        1990/01/12 04:00:00        (default)
                     -zLT      1990-01-11 20:00:00-08
                     -z+05:30  1990-01-12 09:30:00+05:30

KEYWORD SUBSTITUION

       Strings  of  the  form  $keyword$ and $keyword:...$ embedded in the text are replaced with strings of the
       form $keyword:value$ as described in co(1).

FILES

       blame never changes an RCS or working file.  It uses the effective user for all accesses, and it does not
       even read the working file unless a revision number of $ is specified.

ENVIRONMENT

       RCSINIT
              Options prepended to the argument list, separated by spaces.  See ci(1) for details.

DIAGNOSTICS

       The  working  pathname and a separator line is written to the diagnostic output.  The exit status is zero
       if and only if all operations were successful.

EXAMPLES

       One day, there will be a whole bunch of useful examples here.

SEE ALSO

       rcsintro(1), ci(1), co(1), ctime(3), date(1), rcs(1), rcsfile(5)

AUTHOR

       Michael Chapman <foonly@users.sourceforge.net>

       Portions of this manual page are from ci(1) and co(1) by Walter F. Tichy and Paul Eggert.

       blame is copyright © 2004, 2005 Michael Chapman.

       blame is released under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public  License  version  2.   Please
       read the COPYING file carefully.

                                                   2005/06/30                                           BLAME(1)