Ubuntu Manpage: datapacker - Tool to pack files into the minimum number of bins

Provided by: datapacker_1.0.1+nmu2_amd64

NAME

       datapacker - Tool to pack files into the minimum number        of bins

SYNOPSIS

       datapacker [ -0 ] [ -a ACTION ] [ -b FORMAT ] [ -d ] [ -p ] [ -S SIZE ] -s SIZE FILE ...

       datapacker -h | --help

DESCRIPTION

       datapacker  is  a  tool to group files by size.  It is designed to group files such that they fill fixed-
       size containers (called "bins") using the minimum number of containers.  This is useful, for instance, if
       you want to archive a number of files to CD or DVD, and want to organize  them  such  that  you  use  the
       minimum possible number of CDs or DVDs.

       In  many cases, datapacker executes almost instantaneously.  Of particular note, the hardlink action (see
       OPTIONS below) can be used to effectively copy data into bins without having to actually copy the data at
       all.

       datapacker is a tool in the traditional Unix style; it can be used in pipes and call other tools.

OPTIONS

Here are the command-line options you may set for datapacker. Please note that -s and at least one file
(see FILE SPECIFICATION below) is mandatory.

-0

--null When reading a list of files from standard input (see FILE SPECIFICATION below), expect the input
to be separated by NULL (ASCII 0) characters instead of one per line. Especially useful with find
-print0.

-a ACTION

--action=ACTION
Defines what action to take with the matches. Please note that, with any action, the output will
be sorted by bin, with bin 1 first. Possible actions include:

print Print one human-readable line per file. Each line contains the bin number (in the format
given by -b), an ASCII tab character, then the filename.

printfull
Print one semi-human-readable line per bin. Each line contains the bin number, then a list
of filenames to place in that bin, with an ASCII tab character after the bin number and
between each filename.

print0 For each file, output the bin number (according to the format given by -b), an ASCII NULL
character, the filename, and another ASCII NULL character. Ideal for use with xargs -0 -L
2.

exec:COMMAND
For each file, execute the specified COMMAND via the shell. The program COMMAND will be
passed information on its command line as indicated below.

It is an error if the generated command line for a given bin is too large for the system.

A nonzero exit code from any COMMAND will cause datapacker to terminate. If COMMAND
contains quotes, don't forget to quote the entire command, as in:

datapacker '--action=exec:echo "Bin: $1"; shift; ls "$@"'

The arguments to the given command will be:

• argv[0] ($0 in shell) will be the name of the shell used to invoke the command -- $SHELL
or /bin/sh.

• argv[1] ($1 in shell) will be the bin number, formatted according to -b.

• argv[2] and on ($2 and on in shell) will be the files to place in that bin

hardlink
For each file, create a hardlink at bin/filename pointing to the original input filename.
Creates the directory bin as necessary. Alternative locations and formats for bin can be
specified with -b. All bin directories and all input must reside on the same filesystem.

After you are done processing the results of the bin, you may safely delete the bins
without deleting original data. Alternatively, you could leave the bins and delete the
original data. Either approach will be workable.

It is an error to attempt to make a hard link across filesystems, or to have two input
files with the same filename in different paths. datapacker will exit on either of these
situations.

See also --deep-links.

-b FORMAT

--binfmt=FORMAT
Defines the output format for the bin name. This format is given as a %d input to a function that
interprets it as printf(3) would. This can be useful both to define the name and the location of
your bins. When running datapacker with certain arguments, the bin format can be taken to be a
directory in which files in that bin are linked. The default is %03d, which outputs integers with
leading zeros to make all bin names at least three characters wide.

Other useful variants could include destdir/%d to put the string "destdir/" in front of the bin
number, which is rendered without leading zeros.

-d

--debug
Enable debug mode. This is here for future expansion and does not currently have any effect.

-D

--deep-links
When used with the symlink or hardlink action, instead of making all links in a single flat
directory under the bin, mimic the source directory structure under the bin. Makes most sense
when used with -p, but could also be useful without it if there are files with the same name in
different source directories.

--help Display brief usage information and exit.

-p

--preserve-order
Normally, datapacker uses an efficient algorithm that tries to rearrange files such that the
number of bins required is minimized. Sometimes you may instead wish to preserve the ordering of
files at the expense of potentially using more bins. In these cases, you would want to use this
option.

As an example of such a situation: perhaps you have taken one photo a day for several years. You
would like to archive these photos to CD, but you want them to be stored in chronological order.
You have named the files such that the names indicate order, so you can pass the file list to
datapacker using -p to preserve the ordering in your bins. Thus, bin 1 will contain the oldest
files, bin 2 the second-oldest, and so on. If -p wasn't used, you might use fewer CDs, but the
photos would be spread out across all CDs without preserving your chronological order.

-s SIZE

--size=SIZE
Gives the size of each bin in bytes. Suffixes such as "k", "m", "g", etc. may be used to indicate
kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and so forth. Numbers such as 1.5g are valid, and if needed,
will be rounded to the nearest possible integer value.

The size of the first bin may be overridden with -S.

Here are the sizes of some commonly-used bins. For each item, I have provided you with both the
underlying recording capacity of the disc and a suggested value for -s. The suggested value for
-s is lower than the underlying capacity because there is overhead imposed by the filesystem
stored on the disc. You will perhaps find that the suggested value for -s is lower than optimal
for discs that contain few large files, and higher than desired for discs that contain vast
amounts of small files.

• CD-ROM, 74-minute (standard): 650m / 600m

• CD-ROM, 80-minute: 703m / 650m

• CD-ROM, 90-minute: 790m / 740m

• CD-ROM, 99-minute: 870m / 820m

• DVD+-R: 4.377g / 4g

• DVD+R, dual layer: 8.5g / 8g

-S

--size-first
The size of the first bin. If not given, defaults to the value given with -s. This may be useful
if you will be using a mechanism outside datapacker to add additional information to the first
bin: perhaps an index of which bin has which file, the information necessary to make a CD
bootable, etc. You may use the same suffixes as with -s with this option.

--sort Sorts the list of files to process before acting upon them. When combined with -p, causes the
output to be sorted. This option has no effect save increasing CPU usage when not combined with
-p.

FILE SPECIFICATION
After the options, you must supply one or more files to consider for packing into bins. Alternatively,
instead of listing files on the command line, you may list a single hyphen (-), which tells datapacker to
read the list of files from standard input (stdin).

datapacker never recurses into subdirectories. If you want a recursive search -- finding all files in a
given directory and all its subdirectories -- see the second example in the EXAMPLES section below.
datapacker is designed to integrate with find(1) in this situation to let you take advantage of find's
built-in powerful recursion and filtering features.

When reading files from standard input, it is assumed that the list contains one distinct filename per
line. Seasoned POSIX veterans will recognize the inherent limitations in this format. For that reason,
when given -0 in conjunction with the single file -, datapacker will instead expect, on standard input, a
list of files, each one terminated by an ASCII NULL character. Such a list can be easily generated with
find(1) using its -print0 option.

EXAMPLES

       • Put  all JPEG images in ~/Pictures into bins (using hardlinks) under the pre-existing directory ~/bins,
         no more than 600MB per bin:

         datapacker -b ~/bins/%03d -s 600m -a hardlink ~/Pictures/*.jpg

       • Put all files  in  ~/Pictures  or  any  subdirectory  thereof  into  600MB  bins  under  ~/bins,  using
         hardlinking.  This is a simple example to follow if you simply want a recursive search of all files.

         find ~/Pictures -type f -print0 | \
           datapacker -0 -b ~/bins/%03d -s 600m -a hardlink -

       • Find  all  JPEG  images in ~/Pictures or any subdirectory thereof, put them into bins (using hardlinks)
         under the pre-existing directory ~/bins, no more than 600MB per bin:

         find ~/Pictures -name "*.jpg" -print0 | \
           datapacker -0 -b ~/bins/%03d -s 600m -a hardlink -

       • Find all JPEG images as above, put them in 4GB bins, but instead of putting  them  anywhere,  calculate
         the size of each bin and display it.

         find ~/Pictures -name "*.jpg" -print0 | \
           datapacker -0 -b ~/bins/%03d -s 4g \
           '--action=exec:echo -n "$1: "; shift; du -ch "$@" | grep total' \
           -

         This will display output like so:

         /home/jgoerzen/bins/001: 4.0G   total
         /home/jgoerzen/bins/002: 4.0G   total
         /home/jgoerzen/bins/003: 4.0G   total
         /home/jgoerzen/bins/004: 992M   total

         Note:  the  grep  pattern  in this example is simple, but will cause unexpected results if any matching
         file contains the word "total".

       • Find all JPEG images as above, and generate 600MB ISO images of them in ~/bins.  This will generate the
         ISO images directly without ever hardlinking files into ~/bins.

         find ~/Pictures -name "*.jpg" -print0 | \
           datapacker -0 -b ~/bins/%03d.iso -s 4g \
           '--action=exec:BIN="$1"; shift; mkisofs -r -J -o "$BIN" "$@"' \
           -

         You could, if you so desired, pipe this result directly into a DVD-burning application.  Or, you  could
         use growisofs to burn a DVD+R in a single step.

ERRORS

       It is an error if any specified file exceeds the value given with -s or -S.

       It is also an error if any specified files disappear while datapacker is running.

BUGS

       Reports  of  bugs  should  be reported online at the datapacker homepage.  Debian users are encouraged to
       instead use the Debian bug-tracking system.

COPYRIGHT

       datapacker, and this manual, are Copyright (C) 2008 John Goerzen.

       All code, documentation, and build scripts are under the following license unless otherwise noted:

       This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify  it  under  the  terms  of  the  GNU
       General  Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
       (at your option) any later version.

       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  WARRANTY;  without  even
       the  implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public
       License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program.  If not, see
        <URL:http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

       The GNU General Public License is available in the file  COPYING  in  the  source  distribution.   Debian
       GNU/Linux users may find this in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3.

       If  the GPL is unacceptable for your uses, please e-mail me; alternative terms can be negotiated for your
       project.

AUTHOR

       datapacker, its libraries, documentation, and all included files, except where noted, was written by John
       Goerzen <jgoerzen@complete.org> and copyright is held as stated in the COPYRIGHT section.

       datapacker    may     be     downloaded,     and     information     found,     from     its     homepage
       <URL:http://software.complete.org/datapacker>.