xenial (1) dateutils.ddiff.1.gz
NAME
ddiff - Compute duration from DATE/TIME (the reference date/time) to the other
SYNOPSIS
ddiff [OPTION]... DATE/TIME [DATE/TIME]...
DESCRIPTION
Compute duration from DATE/TIME (the reference date/time) to the other DATE/TIMEs given and print the
result as duration. If the other DATE/TIMEs are omitted read them from stdin.
DATE/TIME can also be one of the following specials
- `now' interpreted as the current (UTC) time stamp
- `time' the time part of the current (UTC) time stamp
- `today' the current date (according to UTC)
- `tomo[rrow]' tomorrow's date (according to UTC)
- `y[ester]day' yesterday's date (according to UTC)
Note: The output format of durations (specified via -f) takes all format specifiers into account, i.e.
specifying %M and %S for example prints the duration in minutes and seconds, whereas specifying %S only
prints the duration in seconds.
See section `The refinement rule' in ddiff(1).
Recognized OPTIONs:
-h, --help
Print help and exit
-V, --version
Print version and exit
-q, --quiet
Suppress message about date/time and duration parser errors and fix-ups. The default is to print
a warning or the fixed up value and return error code 2.
-f, --format=STRING
Output format. This can either be a specifier string (similar to strftime()'s FMT) or the name of
a calendar.
-i, --input-format=STRING...
Input format, can be used multiple times. Each date/time will be passed to the input format
parsers in the order they are given, if a date/time can be read successfully with a given input
format specifier string, that value will be used.
-e, --backslash-escapes
Enable interpretation of backslash escapes in the output and input format specifier strings.
--from-zone=ZONE
Interpret dates on stdin or the command line as coming from the time zone ZONE.
FORMAT SPECS FOR DURATIONS
Unlike time or absolute instants, durations are reference-free, i.e. the reference instant is not part of
the duration. As a result durations cannot be named, i.e. there is no naming scheme that applies to all
durations and all references unambiguously.
Consequently, none of the format specifiers for date/times makes sense for durations in the literal
sense. However, to aid intuitive usage we reused format specifiers when they represent integral values
and a valid unit for duration, as follows:
Date specs:
%c Equivalent to %w
%d Durations in days
%F Equivalent to %dd with no resorting to bigger units
%m Durations in months
%w Durations in weeks
%y Equivalent to %Y
%Y Durations in years
%db Duration in business days
%dB Equivalent to %db
Time specs:
%H Durations in hours
%I Equivalent to %H
%M Durations in minutes
%S Durations in seconds
%T Equivalent to %Ss without resorting to bigger units
%rS Durations in real-life seconds, as in including leap seconds
%rT Equivalent to %rSs without resoring to bigger units
General specs:
%n A newline character
%t A tab character
%% A literal % character
Modifiers:
%r Modifier to turn units into real units
%0 Modifier to pad refined values with zeroes
%SPC Modifier to pad refined values with spaces
b Suffix, treat days as business days
THE REFINEMENT RULE
Durations are somewhat ambiguous when it comes to representing them through format specifiers. Unlike
format specifiers in point-in-time representations duration specifiers can have an intra-line
relationship.
So for instance a duration of 128 seconds might be presented through "%S" as "128" but similarly through
"%M:%S" as "02:08" (read two minutes and 8 seconds).
There are several approaches to deal with this ambiguity. The ddiff tool will follow, what we call, the
refinement rule. That is, regardless of the position of a format specifier, if it is a valid
@emph{refinement} of another specifier in the format string, then it will only show the fractional value,
i.e. the value in its natural range with respect to the @emph{refined} specifier.
%Y possible refinements: %m, %w, %d
%m possible refinements: %w, %d
%w possible refinements: %d
%d possible refinements: %H, %M, %S
%H possible refinements: %M, %S
%M possible refinements: %S
The refinement alternatives are listed in order of precedence and they are mutually exclusive. I.e. it
is not possible to express a duration in months and hours without having a "%d" specifier as well. On
the other hand in a chain of refinements inner elements are optional, i.e. you can express a duration in
weeks and hours because every day has 24 hours and hence there are 168 hours in a week.
In case of negative durations (the minuend is in the future relative to the subtrahend) @emph{only} the
largest unit will carry the minus sign.
Using the refinement rule keeps the format string dead simple, there's no need for operators or a full-
blown language to distinguish the range ambiguity, which then would have to be escaped because they could
also in theory be part of the literal characters of the format string, resulting more often than not in
command lines that are hard to craft and even harder to understand later on (e.g. if used in shell
scripts).
The refinement rule ingeniously covers the 99% case but, unlike other approaches, there's @emph{no} way
to display two unrefined values in the same format string, e.g. "'%w weeks (which is %d days)'".
EXAMPLES
$ ddiff 2012-03-02 2012-03-02
0
$
$ ddiff 2012-03-02 2012-03-12
10
$
$ ddiff 2012-03-02 2012-04-12
41
$
$ ddiff 2012-03-12 2012-04-02
21
$
$ ddiff 2012-04-02 2012-03-12
-21
$
$ ddiff 2012-01-02 2012-02-29 -f '%dd'
58d
$
$ ddiff 2012-01-02 2012-02-29 -f '%ww %dd'
8w 2d
$
$ ddiff 10:00:00 10:00:00
0s
$
$ ddiff 10:01:00 10:06:00
300s
$
$ ddiff 10:06:00 10:01:00
-300s
$
$ ddiff 10:01:00 11:03:10 -f '%S sec'
3730 sec
$
$ ddiff 10:01:00 11:03:10 -f '%Mm %Ss'
62m 10s
$
$ ddiff 10:01:00 11:03:10 -f '%H:%M:%S'
1:2:10
$
$ ddiff 2012-03-02T10:04:00 2012-03-02T10:14:00
600s
$
$ ddiff 2012-03-02T10:04:00 2012-03-02T10:14:00 -f '%M min'
10 min
$
$ ddiff 2012-03-01T12:17:00 2012-03-02T14:00:00
92580s
$
$ ddiff 2012-03-01T12:17:00 2012-03-02T14:00:00 -f '%d days and %S seconds'
1 days and 6180 seconds
$
AUTHOR
Written by Sebastian Freundt <freundt@fresse.org>
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to: https://github.com/hroptatyr/dateutils/issues
SEE ALSO
The full documentation for ddiff is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and ddiff programs are
properly installed at your site, the command
info (dateutils)ddiff
should give you access to the complete manual.