xenial (1) gp.1.gz

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NAME

       gp - The PARI calculator

SYNOPSIS

       gp  [-s  stacksize]  [-p  primelimit]  [--emacs] [-f|--fast] [-q|--quiet] [-D|--default key=val] [--help]
       [--test] [--texmacs] [--version] [--version-short] [ file1 file2 ...]

DESCRIPTION

       Invokes the PARI-GP calculator gp; gp is an advanced  programmable  calculator,  specializing  in  number
       theory,  which computes symbolically as long as possible, numerically where needed, and contains a wealth
       of arithmetic functions: factorizations, elliptic curves, Galois theory, class field theory...  Commands,
       written in the GP scripting language, are input interactively or loaded from files.

       If  present at the end of the command line, files 'file1', 'file2', ...  are loaded on startup; they must
       be written in the GP language.

OPTIONS

       Command line options are available in both short form (-f) and POSIX-like (--fast). Numeric arguments can
       be  followed  by a modifier k , M or G at the user's convenience; in that case the argument is multiplied
       by 10^3, 10^6, or 10^9 respectively.

       -f, --fast
              Fast start (or factory settings). Do not read .gprc (see below) upon startup.

       -p limit
              [DEPRECATED] Upon  startup,  gp  computes  a  table  of  small  primes  used  in  number-theoretic
              applications.  If  primelimit  is  set,  the  table include primes up to that bound instead of the
              default (= 500000). It is now mostly useless to change this value.

       -q, --quiet
              Quiet mode. Do not print headers or history numbers and do not say goodbye.

       -D, --default key=val
              performs default(key, val); on startup, overriding values from the gprc  preferences  file.  'val'
              must  be  a  constant value and is not allowed to involve any computation (e.g. 1+1 is forbidden).
              Any number of such default-setting statements may appear on the command line.

       -s limit
              Size of gp internal stack allocated on startup. When gp runs  out  of  space,  it  interrupts  the
              current computation and raises a stack overflow exception. If this occurs frequently, start with a
              bigger stack. The stack size can also be increased from within gp, using  default(parisize,limit);
              it  may  be  convenient  to  set stacksize from your .gprc.  Note that computations with a smaller
              stack may be more efficient due to better data locality. Most computations should need  less  than
              20MB.

       --emacs
              gp can be run in an Emacs shell (see GP User's manual for details). This flag is then required for
              smooth interaction with the PariEmacs package (pari.el). It is set automatically  by  the  pari.el
              package, and will produce nice display oddities if you set it outside of an Emacs session.

       --help print a summary of available command-line options.

       --test run  gp  in  test  mode:  suppress  printing of history numbers and wrap long output lines (to get
              readable diff output). For benches only.

       --texmacs
              gp can be run from a TeXmacs frontend. This flag is set by  TeXmacs,  to  enable  special  purpose
              communication channels. Do not set it yourself.

       --version
              output version info (banner) then exit.

       --version-short
              output version number then exit.

USE

       ?      to get online help.

       ??     to get extended online help (more precisely, to call the external help program, gphelp by default)

       quit   (or \q), or EOF (Ctrl-D) to quit gp.

       The following works only when gp was linked with GNU readline library:

       arrow keys
              for editing and viewing the input history.

       TAB
               for automatic completion

MANUALS

       The following material is included in the standard distribution (originally in TeX format):

       The User's Guide to PARI/GP
              (users.dvi)

       The User's Guide to the PARI library
              (library.dvi)

       The Developer's Guide to the PARI library
              (develop.dvi)

       PARI/GP, a tutorial
              (tutorial.dvi)

       PARI/GP reference card
              (refcard.ps): 4 pages, based on an earlier version by Joseph H. Silverman.

FILES

       gp     main executable

       $HOME/.gprc
              (or $GPRC if set) user preference file, read at beginning of execution by each gp shell. A default
              gprc gprc.dft is provided with the distribution. If  this  file  cannot  be  found,  /etc/gprc  is
              checked instead.

       pari.log
              default logfile (can be changed in the gprc file or interactively using default() )

       pari.ps
              default psfile used for postscript output (as above)

       gphelp default external help program (as above)

       *.gp   GP programs

ENVIRONMENT

       $GPRC  place  to look for the user's preference file (gprc); if the file does not exist, we then check in
              $HOME/.gprc, /etc/gprc, and finally for a file named 'gprc' in PARI's datadir.

       $GP_DATA_DIR
              directory containing data installed by optional PARI packages.  For example, the Galois resolvents
              files  in  directory galdata/ needed by the polgalois function, in degrees 8 to 11; or the modular
              polynomials in seadata/ used by the  ellap  function  for  large  base  fields.  This  environment
              variable overrides PARI's 'datadir', defined at Configure time.

       $GP_POSTSCRIPT_VIEWER
              an application able to display PostScript files, used by the plotps graphic engine. This engine is
              a fallback used to output hi-res plots even when no compatible graphical library was available  on
              your platform at Configure time. (Dumps the graph to a temporary file, then open the file.)

       $GPHELP
              name of the external help program invoked by ?? and ??? shortcuts.

       $GPTMPDIR
              name of the directory where temporary files will be generated.

HOME PAGE

       PARI's home page resides at
              http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/

MAILING LISTS

       There  are a number of mailing lists devoted to the PARI/GP package, and most feedback should be directed
       to those. See
              http://pari.math.u-bordeaux1.fr/lists-index.html
       for details. The most important ones are:

       - pari-announce (moderated): for us to announce major version changes.

       - pari-dev: for  everything  related  to  the  development  of  PARI,  including  suggestions,  technical
       questions, bug reports or patch submissions.

       - pari-users: for discuss about everything else, in particular ask for help.

       To subscribe, send empty messages with a Subject: containing the word "subscribe" respectively to

          pari-announce-request@pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr

          pari-users-request@pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr

          pari-dev-request@pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr

BUG REPORTS

       Bugs  should be submitted online to our Bug Tracking System, available from PARI's home page, or directly
       from the URL
              http://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/Bugs/
       Further instructions can be found on that page.

TRIVIA

       Despite the leading G, GP has nothing to do with GNU. The first version was originally  called  GPC,  for
       Great Programmable Calculator. For some reason, the trailing C was eventually dropped.

       PARI  has  nothing to do with the French capital. The name is a pun about the project's early stages when
       the authors started to implement a library for "Pascal ARIthmetic" in the  PASCAL  programming  language.
       They quickly switched to C.

       For  the  benefit  of  non-native  French speakers, here's a slightly expanded explanation: Blaise Pascal
       (1623-1662) was a famous French mathematician and philosopher who was one of the founders of  probability
       and  devised  one  of  the  first  "arithmetic  machines".  He once proposed the following "proof" of the
       existence of God for the unbelievers: whether He exists or not  I  lose  nothing  by  believing  in  Him,
       whereas if He does and I misbehave... This is the so-called "pari de Pascal" (Pascal's Wager).

       Note that PARI also means "fairy" in Persian.

AUTHORS

       PARI  was  originally  written by Christian Batut, Dominique Bernardi, Henri Cohen, and Michel Olivier in
       Laboratoire A2X (Universite Bordeaux I, France), and was maintained by Henri Cohen up to version  1.39.15
       (1995), and by Karim Belabas since then.

       A great number of people have contributed to the successive improvements which eventually resulted in the
       present version. See the AUTHORS file in the distribution.

SEE ALSO

       gap(1), gphelp(1), perl(1), readline(3), sage(1), tex(1), texmacs(1),

COPYING

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  it  under  the  terms  of  the  GNU
       General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation.

       This  program  is  distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
       the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU  General  Public
       License for more details.

       You  should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write
       to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

                                                25 September 2013                                          GP(1)