Provided by: mysql-server-5.7_5.7.33-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64 
NAME
mysqlbinlog - utility for processing binary log files
SYNOPSIS
mysqlbinlog [options] log_file ...
DESCRIPTION
The server's binary log consists of files containing “events” that describe modifications
to database contents. The server writes these files in binary format. To display their
contents in text format, use the mysqlbinlog utility. You can also use mysqlbinlog to
display the contents of relay log files written by a replica server in a replication setup
because relay logs have the same format as binary logs. The binary log and relay log are
discussed further in Section 5.4.4, “The Binary Log”, and Section 16.2.4, “Relay Log and
Replication Metadata Repositories”.
Invoke mysqlbinlog like this:
shell> mysqlbinlog [options] log_file ...
For example, to display the contents of the binary log file named binlog.000003, use this
command:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.0000003
The output includes events contained in binlog.000003. For statement-based logging, event
information includes the SQL statement, the ID of the server on which it was executed, the
timestamp when the statement was executed, how much time it took, and so forth. For
row-based logging, the event indicates a row change rather than an SQL statement. See
Section 16.2.1, “Replication Formats”, for information about logging modes.
Events are preceded by header comments that provide additional information. For example:
# at 141
#100309 9:28:36 server id 123 end_log_pos 245
Query thread_id=3350 exec_time=11 error_code=0
In the first line, the number following at indicates the file offset, or starting
position, of the event in the binary log file.
The second line starts with a date and time indicating when the statement started on the
server where the event originated. For replication, this timestamp is propagated to
replica servers. server id is the server_id value of the server where the event
originated. end_log_pos indicates where the next event starts (that is, it is the end
position of the current event + 1). thread_id indicates which thread executed the event.
exec_time is the time spent executing the event, on a source server. On a replica, it is
the difference of the end execution time on the replica minus the beginning execution time
on the source. The difference serves as an indicator of how much replication lags behind
the source. error_code indicates the result from executing the event. Zero means that no
error occurred.
Note
When using event groups, the file offsets of events may be grouped together and the
comments of events may be grouped together. Do not mistake these grouped events for
blank file offsets.
The output from mysqlbinlog can be re-executed (for example, by using it as input to
mysql) to redo the statements in the log. This is useful for recovery operations after an
unexpected server exit. For other usage examples, see the discussion later in this section
and in Section 7.5, “Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery”.
Normally, you use mysqlbinlog to read binary log files directly and apply them to the
local MySQL server. It is also possible to read binary logs from a remote server by using
the --read-from-remote-server option. To read remote binary logs, the connection parameter
options can be given to indicate how to connect to the server. These options are --host,
--password, --port, --protocol, --socket, and --user.
When running mysqlbinlog against a large binary log, be careful that the filesystem has
enough space for the resulting files. To configure the directory that mysqlbinlog uses for
temporary files, use the TMPDIR environment variable.
mysqlbinlog sets the value of pseudo_slave_mode to true before executing any SQL
statements. This system variable affects the handling of XA transactions.
mysqlbinlog supports the following options, which can be specified on the command line or
in the [mysqlbinlog] and [client] groups of an option file. For information about option
files used by MySQL programs, see Section 4.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”.
• --help, -? Display a help message and exit.
• --base64-output=value This option determines when events should be displayed encoded
as base-64 strings using BINLOG statements. The option has these permissible values
(not case-sensitive):
• AUTO ("automatic") or UNSPEC ("unspecified") displays BINLOG statements
automatically when necessary (that is, for format description events and row
events). If no --base64-output option is given, the effect is the same as
--base64-output=AUTO.
Note
Automatic BINLOG display is the only safe behavior if you intend to use the
output of mysqlbinlog to re-execute binary log file contents. The other option
values are intended only for debugging or testing purposes because they may
produce output that does not include all events in executable form.
• NEVER causes BINLOG statements not to be displayed. mysqlbinlog exits with an
error if a row event is found that must be displayed using BINLOG.
• DECODE-ROWS specifies to mysqlbinlog that you intend for row events to be decoded
and displayed as commented SQL statements by also specifying the --verbose option.
Like NEVER, DECODE-ROWS suppresses display of BINLOG statements, but unlike NEVER,
it does not exit with an error if a row event is found.
For examples that show the effect of --base64-output and --verbose on row event
output, see the section called “MYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY”.
• --bind-address=ip_address On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this
option to select which interface to use for connecting to the MySQL server.
• --binlog-row-event-max-size=N
┌────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────┐
│Command-Line Format │ --binlog-row-event-max-size=# │
├────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│Type │ Numeric │
├────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│Default Value │ 4294967040 │
├────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│Minimum Value │ 256 │
├────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│Maximum Value │ 18446744073709547520 │
└────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────┘
Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes. Rows are grouped
into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256.
The default is 4GB.
• --character-sets-dir=dir_name The directory where character sets are installed. See
Section 10.15, “Character Set Configuration”.
• --connection-server-id=server_id This option is used to test a MySQL server for
support of the BINLOG_DUMP_NON_BLOCK connection flag. It is not required for normal
operations.
The effective default and minimum values for this option depend on whether mysqlbinlog
is run in blocking mode or non-blocking mode. When mysqlbinlog is run in blocking
mode, the default (and minimum) value is 1; when run in non-blocking mode, the default
(and minimum) value is 0.
• --database=db_name, -d db_name This option causes mysqlbinlog to output entries from
the binary log (local log only) that occur while db_name is been selected as the
default database by USE.
The --database option for mysqlbinlog is similar to the --binlog-do-db option for
mysqld, but can be used to specify only one database. If --database is given multiple
times, only the last instance is used.
The effects of this option depend on whether the statement-based or row-based logging
format is in use, in the same way that the effects of --binlog-do-db depend on whether
statement-based or row-based logging is in use.
Statement-based logging. The --database option works as follows:
• While db_name is the default database, statements are output whether they modify
tables in db_name or a different database.
• Unless db_name is selected as the default database, statements are not output,
even if they modify tables in db_name.
• There is an exception for CREATE DATABASE, ALTER DATABASE, and DROP DATABASE. The
database being created, altered, or dropped is considered to be the default
database when determining whether to output the statement.
Suppose that the binary log was created by executing these statements using
statement-based-logging:
INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(100);
INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j) VALUES(200);
USE test;
INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(101);
INSERT INTO t1 (i) VALUES(102);
INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j) VALUES(201);
USE db2;
INSERT INTO test.t1 (i) VALUES(103);
INSERT INTO db2.t2 (j) VALUES(202);
INSERT INTO t2 (j) VALUES(203);
mysqlbinlog --database=test does not output the first two INSERT statements because
there is no default database. It outputs the three INSERT statements following USE
test, but not the three INSERT statements following USE db2.
mysqlbinlog --database=db2 does not output the first two INSERT statements because
there is no default database. It does not output the three INSERT statements following
USE test, but does output the three INSERT statements following USE db2.
Row-based logging. mysqlbinlog outputs only entries that change tables belonging to
db_name. The default database has no effect on this. Suppose that the binary log just
described was created using row-based logging rather than statement-based logging.
mysqlbinlog --database=test outputs only those entries that modify t1 in the test
database, regardless of whether USE was issued or what the default database is. If a
server is running with binlog_format set to MIXED and you want it to be possible to
use mysqlbinlog with the --database option, you must ensure that tables that are
modified are in the database selected by USE. (In particular, no cross-database
updates should be used.)
When used together with the --rewrite-db option, the --rewrite-db option is applied
first; then the --database option is applied, using the rewritten database name. The
order in which the options are provided makes no difference in this regard.
• --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options] Write a debugging log. A typical
debug_options string is d:t:o,file_name. The default is d:t:o,/tmp/mysqlbinlog.trace.
This option is available only if MySQL was built using WITH_DEBUG. MySQL release
binaries provided by Oracle are not built using this option.
• --debug-check Print some debugging information when the program exits.
This option is available only if MySQL was built using WITH_DEBUG. MySQL release
binaries provided by Oracle are not built using this option.
• --debug-info Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the
program exits.
This option is available only if MySQL was built using WITH_DEBUG. MySQL release
binaries provided by Oracle are not built using this option.
• --default-auth=plugin A hint about which client-side authentication plugin to use. See
Section 6.2.13, “Pluggable Authentication”.
• --defaults-extra-file=file_name Read this option file after the global option file but
(on Unix) before the user option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise
inaccessible, an error occurs. file_name is interpreted relative to the current
directory if given as a relative path name rather than a full path name.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
• --defaults-file=file_name Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist
or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs. file_name is interpreted relative to
the current directory if given as a relative path name rather than a full path name.
Exception: Even with --defaults-file, client programs read .mylogin.cnf.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
• --defaults-group-suffix=str Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups
with the usual names and a suffix of str. For example, mysqlbinlog normally reads the
[client] and [mysqlbinlog] groups. If the --defaults-group-suffix=_other option is
given, mysqlbinlog also reads the [client_other] and [mysqlbinlog_other] groups.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
• --disable-log-bin, -D Disable binary logging. This is useful for avoiding an endless
loop if you use the --to-last-log option and are sending the output to the same MySQL
server. This option also is useful when restoring after an unexpected exit to avoid
duplication of the statements you have logged.
This option causes mysqlbinlog to include a SET sql_log_bin = 0 statement in its
output to disable binary logging of the remaining output. Manipulating the session
value of the sql_log_bin system variable is a restricted operation, so this option
requires that you have privileges sufficient to set restricted session variables. See
Section 5.1.8.1, “System Variable Privileges”.
• --exclude-gtids=gtid_set Do not display any of the groups listed in the gtid_set.
• --force-if-open, -F Read binary log files even if they are open or were not closed
properly.
• --force-read, -f With this option, if mysqlbinlog reads a binary log event that it
does not recognize, it prints a warning, ignores the event, and continues. Without
this option, mysqlbinlog stops if it reads such an event.
• --get-server-public-key Request from the server the public key required for RSA key
pair-based password exchange. This option applies to clients that authenticate with
the caching_sha2_password authentication plugin. For that plugin, the server does not
send the public key unless requested. This option is ignored for accounts that do not
authenticate with that plugin. It is also ignored if RSA-based password exchange is
not used, as is the case when the client connects to the server using a secure
connection.
If --server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a valid public key file,
it takes precedence over --get-server-public-key.
For information about the caching_sha2_password plugin, see Section 6.4.1.4, “Caching
SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”.
The --get-server-public-key option was added in MySQL 5.7.23.
• --hexdump, -H Display a hex dump of the log in comments, as described in the section
called “MYSQLBINLOG HEX DUMP FORMAT”. The hex output can be helpful for replication
debugging.
• --host=host_name, -h host_name Get the binary log from the MySQL server on the given
host.
• --idempotent Tell the MySQL Server to use idempotent mode while processing updates;
this causes suppression of any duplicate-key or key-not-found errors that the server
encounters in the current session while processing updates. This option may prove
useful whenever it is desirable or necessary to replay one or more binary logs to a
MySQL Server which may not contain all of the data to which the logs refer.
The scope of effect for this option includes the current mysqlbinlog client and
session only.
• --include-gtids=gtid_set Display only the groups listed in the gtid_set.
• --local-load=dir_name, -l dir_name For data loading operations corresponding to LOAD
DATA statements, mysqlbinlog extracts the files from the binary log events, writes
them as temporary ffiles to the local file system, and writes LOAD DATA LOCAL
statements to cause the files to be loaded. By default, mysqlbinlog writes these
temporary files to an operating system-specific directory. The --local-load option can
be used to explicitly specify the directory where mysqlbinlog should prepare local
temporary files.
Important
These temporary files are not automatically removed by mysqlbinlog or any other
MySQL program.
• --login-path=name Read options from the named login path in the .mylogin.cnf login
path file. A “login path” is an option group containing options that specify which
MySQL server to connect to and which account to authenticate as. To create or modify a
login path file, use the mysql_config_editor utility. See mysql_config_editor(1).
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
• --no-defaults Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to reading
unknown options from an option file, --no-defaults can be used to prevent them from
being read.
The exception is that the .mylogin.cnf file, if it exists, is read in all cases. This
permits passwords to be specified in a safer way than on the command line even when
--no-defaults is used. (.mylogin.cnf is created by the mysql_config_editor utility.
See mysql_config_editor(1).)
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
• --offset=N, -o N Skip the first N entries in the log.
• --open-files-limit=N Specify the number of open file descriptors to reserve.
• --password[=password], -p[password] The password of the MySQL account used for
connecting to the server. The password value is optional. If not given, mysqlbinlog
prompts for one. If given, there must be no space between --password= or -p and the
password following it. If no password option is specified, the default is to send no
password.
Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. To avoid
giving the password on the command line, use an option file. See Section 6.1.2.1,
“End-User Guidelines for Password Security”.
To explicitly specify that there is no password and that mysqlbinlog should not prompt
for one, use the --skip-password option.
• --plugin-dir=dir_name The directory in which to look for plugins. Specify this option
if the --default-auth option is used to specify an authentication plugin but
mysqlbinlog does not find it. See Section 6.2.13, “Pluggable Authentication”.
• --port=port_num, -P port_num The TCP/IP port number to use for connecting to a remote
server.
• --print-defaults Print the program name and all options that it gets from option
files.
For additional information about this and other option-file options, see
Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”.
• --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY} The transport protocol to use for connecting to
the server. It is useful when the other connection parameters normally result in use
of a protocol other than the one you want. For details on the permissible values, see
Section 4.2.5, “Connection Transport Protocols”.
• --raw By default, mysqlbinlog reads binary log files and writes events in text format.
The --raw option tells mysqlbinlog to write them in their original binary format. Its
use requires that --read-from-remote-server also be used because the files are
requested from a server. mysqlbinlog writes one output file for each file read from
the server. The --raw option can be used to make a backup of a server's binary log.
With the --stop-never option, the backup is “live” because mysqlbinlog stays connected
to the server. By default, output files are written in the current directory with the
same names as the original log files. Output file names can be modified using the
--result-file option. For more information, see the section called “USING MYSQLBINLOG
TO BACK UP BINARY LOG FILES”.
• --read-from-remote-master=type Read binary logs from a MySQL server with the
COM_BINLOG_DUMP or COM_BINLOG_DUMP_GTID commands by setting the option value to either
BINLOG-DUMP-NON-GTIDS or BINLOG-DUMP-GTIDS, respectively. If
--read-from-remote-master=BINLOG-DUMP-GTIDS is combined with --exclude-gtids,
transactions can be filtered out on the source, avoiding unnecessary network traffic.
The connection parameter options are used with this option or the
--read-from-remote-server option. These options are --host, --password, --port,
--protocol, --socket, and --user. If neither of the remote options is specified, the
connection parameter options are ignored.
The REPLICATION SLAVE privilege is required to use this option.
• --read-from-remote-server, -R Read the binary log from a MySQL server rather than
reading a local log file. This option requires that the remote server be running. It
works only for binary log files on the remote server, not relay log files.
The connection parameter options are used with this option or the
--read-from-remote-master option. These options are --host, --password, --port,
--protocol, --socket, and --user. If neither of the remote options is specified, the
connection parameter options are ignored.
The REPLICATION SLAVE privilege is required to use this option.
This option is like --read-from-remote-master=BINLOG-DUMP-NON-GTIDS.
• --result-file=name, -r name Without the --raw option, this option indicates the file
to which mysqlbinlog writes text output. With --raw, mysqlbinlog writes one binary
output file for each log file transferred from the server, writing them by default in
the current directory using the same names as the original log file. In this case, the
--result-file option value is treated as a prefix that modifies output file names.
• --rewrite-db='from_name->to_name' When reading from a row-based or statement-based
log, rewrite all occurrences of from_name to to_name. Rewriting is done on the rows,
for row-based logs, as well as on the USE clauses, for statement-based logs. In MySQL
versions prior to 5.7.8, this option was only for use when restoring tables logged
using the row-based format.
Warning
Statements in which table names are qualified with database names are not
rewritten to use the new name when using this option.
The rewrite rule employed as a value for this option is a string having the form
'from_name->to_name', as shown previously, and for this reason must be enclosed by
quotation marks.
To employ multiple rewrite rules, specify the option multiple times, as shown here:
shell> mysqlbinlog --rewrite-db='dbcurrent->dbold' --rewrite-db='dbtest->dbcurrent' \
binlog.00001 > /tmp/statements.sql
When used together with the --database option, the --rewrite-db option is applied
first; then --database option is applied, using the rewritten database name. The order
in which the options are provided makes no difference in this regard.
This means that, for example, if mysqlbinlog is started with
--rewrite-db='mydb->yourdb' --database=yourdb, then all updates to any tables in
databases mydb and yourdb are included in the output. On the other hand, if it is
started with --rewrite-db='mydb->yourdb' --database=mydb, then mysqlbinlog outputs no
statements at all: since all updates to mydb are first rewritten as updates to yourdb
before applying the --database option, there remain no updates that match
--database=mydb.
• --secure-auth Do not send passwords to the server in old (pre-4.1) format. This
prevents connections except for servers that use the newer password format.
As of MySQL 5.7.5, this option is deprecated; expect it to be removed in a future
MySQL release. It is always enabled and attempting to disable it (--skip-secure-auth,
--secure-auth=0) produces an error. Before MySQL 5.7.5, this option is enabled by
default but can be disabled.
Note
Passwords that use the pre-4.1 hashing method are less secure than passwords that
use the native password hashing method and should be avoided. Pre-4.1 passwords
are deprecated and support for them was removed in MySQL 5.7.5. For account
upgrade instructions, see Section 6.4.1.3, “Migrating Away from Pre-4.1 Password
Hashing and the mysql_old_password Plugin”.
• --server-id=id Display only those events created by the server having the given server
ID.
• --server-id-bits=N Use only the first N bits of the server_id to identify the server.
If the binary log was written by a mysqld with server-id-bits set to less than 32 and
user data stored in the most significant bit, running mysqlbinlog with
--server-id-bits set to 32 enables this data to be seen.
This option is supported only by the versions of mysqlbinlog supplied with the NDB
Cluster distribution, or built from the NDB Cluster sources.
• --server-public-key-path=file_name The path name to a file in PEM format containing a
client-side copy of the public key required by the server for RSA key pair-based
password exchange. This option applies to clients that authenticate with the
sha256_password or caching_sha2_password authentication plugin. This option is ignored
for accounts that do not authenticate with one of those plugins. It is also ignored if
RSA-based password exchange is not used, as is the case when the client connects to
the server using a secure connection.
If --server-public-key-path=file_name is given and specifies a valid public key file,
it takes precedence over --get-server-public-key.
For sha256_password, this option applies only if MySQL was built using OpenSSL.
For information about the sha256_password and caching_sha2_password plugins, see
Section 6.4.1.5, “SHA-256 Pluggable Authentication”, and Section 6.4.1.4, “Caching
SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication”.
The --server-public-key-path option was added in MySQL 5.7.23.
• --set-charset=charset_name Add a SET NAMES charset_name statement to the output to
specify the character set to be used for processing log files.
• --shared-memory-base-name=name On Windows, the shared-memory name to use for
connections made using shared memory to a local server. The default value is MYSQL.
The shared-memory name is case-sensitive.
This option applies only if the server was started with the shared_memory system
variable enabled to support shared-memory connections.
• --short-form, -s Display only the statements contained in the log, without any extra
information or row-based events. This is for testing only, and should not be used in
production systems.
• --skip-gtids[=(true|false)] Do not display any GTIDs in the output. This is needed
when writing to a dump file from one or more binary logs containing GTIDs, as shown in
this example:
shell> mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids binlog.000001 > /tmp/dump.sql
shell> mysqlbinlog --skip-gtids binlog.000002 >> /tmp/dump.sql
shell> mysql -u root -p -e "source /tmp/dump.sql"
The use of this option is otherwise not normally recommended in production.
• --socket=path, -S path For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or,
on Windows, the name of the named pipe to use.
On Windows, this option applies only if the server was started with the named_pipe
system variable enabled to support named-pipe connections. In addition, the user
making the connection must be a member of the Windows group specified by the
named_pipe_full_access_group system variable.
• --ssl* Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to the server using
SSL and indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. See the section called
“Command Options for Encrypted Connections”.
• --start-datetime=datetime Start reading the binary log at the first event having a
timestamp equal to or later than the datetime argument. The datetime value is relative
to the local time zone on the machine where you run mysqlbinlog. The value should be
in a format accepted for the DATETIME or TIMESTAMP data types. For example:
shell> mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2005-12-25 11:25:56" binlog.000003
This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See Section 7.5, “Point-in-Time
(Incremental) Recovery”.
• --start-position=N, -j N Start reading the binary log at the first event having a
position equal to or greater than N. This option applies to the first log file named
on the command line.
This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See Section 7.5, “Point-in-Time
(Incremental) Recovery”.
• --stop-datetime=datetime Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a
timestamp equal to or later than the datetime argument. See the description of the
--start-datetime option for information about the datetime value.
This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See Section 7.5, “Point-in-Time
(Incremental) Recovery”.
• --stop-never This option is used with --read-from-remote-server. It tells mysqlbinlog
to remain connected to the server. Otherwise mysqlbinlog exits when the last log file
has been transferred from the server. --stop-never implies --to-last-log, so only the
first log file to transfer need be named on the command line.
--stop-never is commonly used with --raw to make a live binary log backup, but also
can be used without --raw to maintain a continuous text display of log events as the
server generates them.
• --stop-never-slave-server-id=id With --stop-never, mysqlbinlog reports a server ID of
65535 when it connects to the server. --stop-never-slave-server-id explicitly
specifies the server ID to report. It can be used to avoid a conflict with the ID of a
replica server or another mysqlbinlog process. See the section called “SPECIFYING THE
MYSQLBINLOG SERVER ID”.
• --stop-position=N Stop reading the binary log at the first event having a position
equal to or greater than N. This option applies to the last log file named on the
command line.
This option is useful for point-in-time recovery. See Section 7.5, “Point-in-Time
(Incremental) Recovery”.
• --tls-version=protocol_list The permissible TLS protocols for encrypted connections.
The value is a list of one or more comma-separated protocol names. The protocols that
can be named for this option depend on the SSL library used to compile MySQL. For
details, see Section 6.3.2, “Encrypted Connection TLS Protocols and Ciphers”.
This option was added in MySQL 5.7.10.
• --to-last-log, -t Do not stop at the end of the requested binary log from a MySQL
server, but rather continue printing until the end of the last binary log. If you send
the output to the same MySQL server, this may lead to an endless loop. This option
requires --read-from-remote-server.
• --user=user_name, -u user_name The user name of the MySQL account to use when
connecting to a remote server.
• --verbose, -v Reconstruct row events and display them as commented SQL statements. If
this option is given twice (by passing in either "-vv" or "--verbose --verbose"), the
output includes comments to indicate column data types and some metadata, and row
query log events if so configured.
For examples that show the effect of --base64-output and --verbose on row event
output, see the section called “MYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY”.
• --verify-binlog-checksum, -c Verify checksums in binary log files.
• --version, -V Display version information and exit.
In MySQL 5.7, the mysqlbinlog version number is 3.4.
You can pipe the output of mysqlbinlog into the mysql client to execute the events
contained in the binary log. This technique is used to recover from an unexpected exit
when you have an old backup (see Section 7.5, “Point-in-Time (Incremental) Recovery”). For
example:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 | mysql -u root -p
Or:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.[0-9]* | mysql -u root -p
If the statements produced by mysqlbinlog may contain BLOB values, these may cause
problems when mysql processes them. In this case, invoke mysql with the --binary-mode
option.
You can also redirect the output of mysqlbinlog to a text file instead, if you need to
modify the statement log first (for example, to remove statements that you do not want to
execute for some reason). After editing the file, execute the statements that it contains
by using it as input to the mysql program:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 > tmpfile
shell> ... edit tmpfile ...
shell> mysql -u root -p < tmpfile
When mysqlbinlog is invoked with the --start-position option, it displays only those
events with an offset in the binary log greater than or equal to a given position (the
given position must match the start of one event). It also has options to stop and start
when it sees an event with a given date and time. This enables you to perform
point-in-time recovery using the --stop-datetime option (to be able to say, for example,
“roll forward my databases to how they were today at 10:30 a.m.”).
If you have more than one binary log to execute on the MySQL server, the safe method is to
process them all using a single connection to the server. Here is an example that
demonstrates what may be unsafe:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 | mysql -u root -p # DANGER!!
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 | mysql -u root -p # DANGER!!
Processing binary logs this way using multiple connections to the server causes problems
if the first log file contains a CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE statement and the second log
contains a statement that uses the temporary table. When the first mysql process
terminates, the server drops the temporary table. When the second mysql process attempts
to use the table, the server reports “unknown table.”
To avoid problems like this, use a single mysql process to execute the contents of all
binary logs that you want to process. Here is one way to do so:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 binlog.000002 | mysql -u root -p
Another approach is to write all the logs to a single file and then process the file:
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 > /tmp/statements.sql
shell> mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 >> /tmp/statements.sql
shell> mysql -u root -p -e "source /tmp/statements.sql"
mysqlbinlog can produce output that reproduces a LOAD DATA operation without the original
data file. mysqlbinlog copies the data to a temporary file and writes a LOAD DATA LOCAL
statement that refers to the file. The default location of the directory where these files
are written is system-specific. To specify a directory explicitly, use the --local-load
option.
Because mysqlbinlog converts LOAD DATA statements to LOAD DATA LOCAL statements (that is,
it adds LOCAL), both the client and the server that you use to process the statements must
be configured with the LOCAL capability enabled. See Section 6.1.6, “Security
Considerations for LOAD DATA LOCAL”.
Warning
The temporary files created for LOAD DATA LOCAL statements are not automatically
deleted because they are needed until you actually execute those statements. You
should delete the temporary files yourself after you no longer need the statement log.
The files can be found in the temporary file directory and have names like
original_file_name-#-#.
MYSQLBINLOG HEX DUMP FORMAT
The --hexdump option causes mysqlbinlog to produce a hex dump of the binary log contents:
shell> mysqlbinlog --hexdump master-bin.000001
The hex output consists of comment lines beginning with #, so the output might look like
this for the preceding command:
/*!40019 SET @@SESSION.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
# at 4
#051024 17:24:13 server id 1 end_log_pos 98
# Position Timestamp Type Master ID Size Master Pos Flags
# 00000004 9d fc 5c 43 0f 01 00 00 00 5e 00 00 00 62 00 00 00 00 00
# 00000017 04 00 35 2e 30 2e 31 35 2d 64 65 62 75 67 2d 6c |..5.0.15.debug.l|
# 00000027 6f 67 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |og..............|
# 00000037 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
# 00000047 00 00 00 00 9d fc 5c 43 13 38 0d 00 08 00 12 00 |.......C.8......|
# 00000057 04 04 04 04 12 00 00 4b 00 04 1a |.......K...|
# Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.0.15-debug-log created 051024 17:24:13
# at startup
ROLLBACK;
Hex dump output currently contains the elements in the following list. This format is
subject to change. For more information about binary log format, see MySQL Internals: The
Binary Log[1].
• Position: The byte position within the log file.
• Timestamp: The event timestamp. In the example shown, '9d fc 5c 43' is the
representation of '051024 17:24:13' in hexadecimal.
• Type: The event type code.
• Master ID: The server ID of the source that created the event.
• Size: The size in bytes of the event.
• Master Pos: The position of the next event in the original source log file.
• Flags: Event flag values.
MYSQLBINLOG ROW EVENT DISPLAY
The following examples illustrate how mysqlbinlog displays row events that specify data
modifications. These correspond to events with the WRITE_ROWS_EVENT, UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT,
and DELETE_ROWS_EVENT type codes. The --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS and --verbose options
may be used to affect row event output.
Suppose that the server is using row-based binary logging and that you execute the
following sequence of statements:
CREATE TABLE t
(
id INT NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
date DATE NULL
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
START TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO t VALUES(1, 'apple', NULL);
UPDATE t SET name = 'pear', date = '2009-01-01' WHERE id = 1;
DELETE FROM t WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
By default, mysqlbinlog displays row events encoded as base-64 strings using BINLOG
statements. Omitting extraneous lines, the output for the row events produced by the
preceding statement sequence looks like this:
shell> mysqlbinlog log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 258 Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
'/*!*/;
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 356 Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 442 Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
To see the row events as comments in the form of “pseudo-SQL” statements, run mysqlbinlog
with the --verbose or -v option. The output contains lines beginning with ###:
shell> mysqlbinlog -v log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 258 Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO test.t
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='apple'
### @3=NULL
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 356 Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### UPDATE test.t
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='apple'
### @3=NULL
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='pear'
### @3='2009:01:01'
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 442 Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### DELETE FROM test.t
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='pear'
### @3='2009:01:01'
Specify --verbose or -v twice to also display data types and some metadata for each
column. The output contains an additional comment following each column change:
shell> mysqlbinlog -vv log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 258 Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAANoAAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBcBAAAAKAAAAAIBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//8AQAAAAVhcHBsZQ==
'/*!*/;
### INSERT INTO test.t
### SET
### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='apple' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3=NULL /* VARSTRING(20) meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=1 */
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 356 Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAC4BAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBgBAAAANgAAAGQBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA////AEAAAAFYXBwbGX4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### UPDATE test.t
### WHERE
### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='apple' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3=NULL /* VARSTRING(20) meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=1 */
### SET
### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='pear' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3='2009:01:01' /* DATE meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 442 Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
BINLOG '
fAS3SBMBAAAALAAAAJABAAAAABEAAAAAAAAABHRlc3QAAXQAAwMPCgIUAAQ=
fAS3SBkBAAAAKgAAALoBAAAQABEAAAAAAAEAA//4AQAAAARwZWFyIbIP
'/*!*/;
### DELETE FROM test.t
### WHERE
### @1=1 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='pear' /* VARSTRING(20) meta=20 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3='2009:01:01' /* DATE meta=0 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
You can tell mysqlbinlog to suppress the BINLOG statements for row events by using the
--base64-output=DECODE-ROWS option. This is similar to --base64-output=NEVER but does not
exit with an error if a row event is found. The combination of --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS
and --verbose provides a convenient way to see row events only as SQL statements:
shell> mysqlbinlog -v --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS log_file
...
# at 218
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 258 Write_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO test.t
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='apple'
### @3=NULL
...
# at 302
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 356 Update_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
### UPDATE test.t
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='apple'
### @3=NULL
### SET
### @1=1
### @2='pear'
### @3='2009:01:01'
...
# at 400
#080828 15:03:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 442 Delete_rows: table id 17 flags: STMT_END_F
### DELETE FROM test.t
### WHERE
### @1=1
### @2='pear'
### @3='2009:01:01'
Note
You should not suppress BINLOG statements if you intend to re-execute mysqlbinlog
output.
The SQL statements produced by --verbose for row events are much more readable than the
corresponding BINLOG statements. However, they do not correspond exactly to the original
SQL statements that generated the events. The following limitations apply:
• The original column names are lost and replaced by @N, where N is a column number.
• Character set information is not available in the binary log, which affects string
column display:
• There is no distinction made between corresponding binary and nonbinary string
types (BINARY and CHAR, VARBINARY and VARCHAR, BLOB and TEXT). The output uses a
data type of STRING for fixed-length strings and VARSTRING for variable-length
strings.
• For multibyte character sets, the maximum number of bytes per character is not
present in the binary log, so the length for string types is displayed in bytes
rather than in characters. For example, STRING(4) is used as the data type for
values from either of these column types:
CHAR(4) CHARACTER SET latin1
CHAR(2) CHARACTER SET ucs2
• Due to the storage format for events of type UPDATE_ROWS_EVENT, UPDATE statements
are displayed with the WHERE clause preceding the SET clause.
Proper interpretation of row events requires the information from the format description
event at the beginning of the binary log. Because mysqlbinlog does not know in advance
whether the rest of the log contains row events, by default it displays the format
description event using a BINLOG statement in the initial part of the output.
If the binary log is known not to contain any events requiring a BINLOG statement (that
is, no row events), the --base64-output=NEVER option can be used to prevent this header
from being written.
USING MYSQLBINLOG TO BACK UP BINARY LOG FILES
By default, mysqlbinlog reads binary log files and displays their contents in text format.
This enables you to examine events within the files more easily and to re-execute them
(for example, by using the output as input to mysql). mysqlbinlog can read log files
directly from the local file system, or, with the --read-from-remote-server option, it can
connect to a server and request binary log contents from that server. mysqlbinlog writes
text output to its standard output, or to the file named as the value of the
--result-file=file_name option if that option is given.
• mysqlbinlog Backup Capabilities
• mysqlbinlog Backup Options
• Static and Live Backups
• Output File Naming
• Example: mysqldump + mysqlbinlog for Backup and Restore
• mysqlbinlog Backup Restrictions
mysqlbinlog Backup Capabilities
mysqlbinlog can read binary log files and write new files containing the same content—that
is, in binary format rather than text format. This capability enables you to easily back
up a binary log in its original format. mysqlbinlog can make a static backup, backing up
a set of log files and stopping when the end of the last file is reached. It can also make
a continuous (“live”) backup, staying connected to the server when it reaches the end of
the last log file and continuing to copy new events as they are generated. In
continuous-backup operation, mysqlbinlog runs until the connection ends (for example, when
the server exits) or mysqlbinlog is forcibly terminated. When the connection ends,
mysqlbinlog does not wait and retry the connection, unlike a replica server. To continue a
live backup after the server has been restarted, you must also restart mysqlbinlog.
mysqlbinlog Backup Options
Binary log backup requires that you invoke mysqlbinlog with two options at minimum:
• The --read-from-remote-server (or -R) option tells mysqlbinlog to connect to a server
and request its binary log. (This is similar to a replica replication server
connecting to its source server.)
• The --raw option tells mysqlbinlog to write raw (binary) output, not text output.
Along with --read-from-remote-server, it is common to specify other options: --host
indicates where the server is running, and you may also need to specify connection options
such as --user and --password.
Several other options are useful in conjunction with --raw:
• --stop-never: Stay connected to the server after reaching the end of the last log file
and continue to read new events.
• --stop-never-slave-server-id=id: The server ID that mysqlbinlog reports to the server
when --stop-never is used. The default is 65535. This can be used to avoid a conflict
with the ID of a replica server or another mysqlbinlog process. See the section called
“SPECIFYING THE MYSQLBINLOG SERVER ID”.
• --result-file: A prefix for output file names, as described later.
Static and Live Backups
To back up a server's binary log files with mysqlbinlog, you must specify file names that
actually exist on the server. If you do not know the names, connect to the server and use
the SHOW BINARY LOGS statement to see the current names. Suppose that the statement
produces this output:
mysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;
+---------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+---------------+-----------+
| binlog.000130 | 27459 |
| binlog.000131 | 13719 |
| binlog.000132 | 43268 |
+---------------+-----------+
With that information, you can use mysqlbinlog to back up the binary log to the current
directory as follows (enter each command on a single line):
• To make a static backup of binlog.000130 through binlog.000132, use either of these
commands:
mysqlbinlog --read-from-remote-server --host=host_name --raw
binlog.000130 binlog.000131 binlog.000132
mysqlbinlog --read-from-remote-server --host=host_name --raw
--to-last-log binlog.000130
The first command specifies every file name explicitly. The second names only the
first file and uses --to-last-log to read through the last. A difference between these
commands is that if the server happens to open binlog.000133 before mysqlbinlog
reaches the end of binlog.000132, the first command does not read it, but the second
command does.
• To make a live backup in which mysqlbinlog starts with binlog.000130 to copy existing
log files, then stays connected to copy new events as the server generates them:
mysqlbinlog --read-from-remote-server --host=host_name --raw
--stop-never binlog.000130
With --stop-never, it is not necessary to specify --to-last-log to read to the last
log file because that option is implied.
Output File Naming
Without --raw, mysqlbinlog produces text output and the --result-file option, if given,
specifies the name of the single file to which all output is written. With --raw,
mysqlbinlog writes one binary output file for each log file transferred from the server.
By default, mysqlbinlog writes the files in the current directory with the same names as
the original log files. To modify the output file names, use the --result-file option. In
conjunction with --raw, the --result-file option value is treated as a prefix that
modifies the output file names.
Suppose that a server currently has binary log files named binlog.000999 and up. If you
use mysqlbinlog --raw to back up the files, the --result-file option produces output file
names as shown in the following table. You can write the files to a specific directory by
beginning the --result-file value with the directory path. If the --result-file value
consists only of a directory name, the value must end with the pathname separator
character. Output files are overwritten if they exist.
┌─────────────────────┬────────────────────────────┐
│--result-file Option │ Output File Names │
├─────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│--result-file=x │ xbinlog.000999 and up │
├─────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│--result-file=/tmp/ │ /tmp/binlog.000999 and up │
├─────────────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
│--result-file=/tmp/x │ /tmp/xbinlog.000999 and up │
└─────────────────────┴────────────────────────────┘
Example: mysqldump + mysqlbinlog for Backup and Restore
The following example describes a simple scenario that shows how to use mysqldump and
mysqlbinlog together to back up a server's data and binary log, and how to use the backup
to restore the server if data loss occurs. The example assumes that the server is running
on host host_name and its first binary log file is named binlog.000999. Enter each command
on a single line.
Use mysqlbinlog to make a continuous backup of the binary log:
mysqlbinlog --read-from-remote-server --host=host_name --raw
--stop-never binlog.000999
Use mysqldump to create a dump file as a snapshot of the server's data. Use
--all-databases, --events, and --routines to back up all data, and --master-data=2 to
include the current binary log coordinates in the dump file.
mysqldump --host=host_name --all-databases --events --routines --master-data=2> dump_file
Execute the mysqldump command periodically to create newer snapshots as desired.
If data loss occurs (for example, if the server unexpectedly exits), use the most recent
dump file to restore the data:
mysql --host=host_name -u root -p < dump_file
Then use the binary log backup to re-execute events that were written after the
coordinates listed in the dump file. Suppose that the coordinates in the file look like
this:
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.001002', MASTER_LOG_POS=27284;
If the most recent backed-up log file is named binlog.001004, re-execute the log events
like this:
mysqlbinlog --start-position=27284 binlog.001002 binlog.001003 binlog.001004
| mysql --host=host_name -u root -p
You might find it easier to copy the backup files (dump file and binary log files) to the
server host to make it easier to perform the restore operation, or if MySQL does not allow
remote root access. mysqlbinlog Backup Restrictions
Binary log backups with mysqlbinlog are subject to these restrictions:
• mysqlbinlog does not automatically reconnect to the MySQL server if the connection is
lost (for example, if a server restart occurs or there is a network outage).
• Prior to MySQL 5.7.19, mysqlbinlog does not get all events as they are committed, even
if the server is configured with sync_binlog=1. This means that some of the most
recent events may be missing. To ensure that mysqlbinlog sees the most recent events,
flush the binary log on the server that you are backing up.
• The delay for a backup is similar to the delay for a replication replica.
SPECIFYING THE MYSQLBINLOG SERVER ID
When invoked with the --read-from-remote-server option, mysqlbinlog connects to a MySQL
server, specifies a server ID to identify itself, and requests binary log files from the
server. You can use mysqlbinlog to request log files from a server in several ways:
• Specify an explicitly named set of files: For each file, mysqlbinlog connects and
issues a Binlog dump command. The server sends the file and disconnects. There is one
connection per file.
• Specify the beginning file and --to-last-log: mysqlbinlog connects and issues a Binlog
dump command for all files. The server sends all files and disconnects.
• Specify the beginning file and --stop-never (which implies --to-last-log): mysqlbinlog
connects and issues a Binlog dump command for all files. The server sends all files,
but does not disconnect after sending the last one.
With --read-from-remote-server only, mysqlbinlog connects using a server ID of 0, which
tells the server to disconnect after sending the last requested log file.
With --read-from-remote-server and --stop-never, mysqlbinlog connects using a nonzero
server ID, so the server does not disconnect after sending the last log file. The server
ID is 65535 by default, but this can be changed with --stop-never-slave-server-id.
Thus, for the first two ways of requesting files, the server disconnects because
mysqlbinlog specifies a server ID of 0. It does not disconnect if --stop-never is given
because mysqlbinlog specifies a nonzero server ID.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 1997, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
version 2 of the License.
This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program;
if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
NOTES
1. MySQL Internals: The Binary Log
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/binary-log.html
SEE ALSO
For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which may already be
installed locally and which is also available online at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.
AUTHOR
Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).