xenial (1) pdvips.1.gz

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NAME

       dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript

SYNOPSIS

       dvips [OPTIONS] file[.dvi]

DESCRIPTION

       THIS  MAN  PAGE  IS OBSOLETE!  See the Texinfo documentation instead.  You can read it either in Emacs or
       with   the   standalone   info   program   which   comes   with   the   GNU   texinfo   distribution   as
       ftp.gnu.org:pub/gnu/texinfo/texinfo*.tar.gz.

       The  program  dvips  takes  a  DVI  file  file[.dvi]  produced by TeX (or by some other processor such as
       GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript, sending the output to a file or directly to a printer.   The  DVI
       file  may  be  specified without the .dvi extension.  Fonts used may either be resident in the printer or
       defined as bitmaps in PK files, or a `virtual' combination of both.  If the mktexpk program is installed,
       dvips will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts that don't already exist.

       For  more  information,  see  the  Texinfo manual dvips.texi, which should be installed somewhere on your
       system, hopefully accessible through the standard Info tree.

OPTIONS

       -a     Conserve memory by making three passes over the .dvi file instead of two and  only  loading  those
              characters actually used.  Generally only useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory,
              like some PCs.

       -A     Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -b num Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page body rather than using  the  #numcopies
              option.   This  can  be  useful  in  conjunction  with a header file setting \bop-hook to do color
              separations or other neat tricks.

       -B     Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).

       -c num Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.  (For collated copies, see the -C option below.)

       -C num Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the PostScript file).  Slower than the
              -c option, but easier on the hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple
              times.

       -d num Set the debug  flags.   This  is  intended  only  for  emergencies  or  for  unusual  fact-finding
              expeditions;  it  will  work  only  if dvips has been compiled with the DEBUG option.  If nonzero,
              prints additional information on standard error.  For maximum information, you can use `-1'.   See
              the Dvips Texinfo manual for more details.

       -D num Set  the  resolution  in dpi (dots per inch) to num.  This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that
              are loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must  be  between  10
              and  10000.   This  affects  both  the  horizontal  and vertical resolution.  If a high resolution
              (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the -Z flag should probably also be used.

       -e num Make sure that each character is placed at most this  many  pixels  from  its  `true'  resolution-
              independent  position  on  the  page. The default value of this parameter is resolution dependent.
              Allowing individual characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded positions by a few  pixels,
              while  regaining  the  true  position  at  the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of
              letters in words.

       -E     makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box.  This only works  on  one-
              page files, and it only looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics.
              In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the tfm file, so characters  that  lie  outside  their
              enclosing  tfm  box may confuse it.  In addition, the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the
              character glyph has significant left or right side bearings.  Nonetheless, this option works  well
              for  creating  small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.  (Note, of course, that dvips
              output is resolution dependent and thus does not make very good  EPSF  files,  especially  if  the
              images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.)

       -f     Run  as  a  filter.   Read  the .dvi file from standard input and write the PostScript to standard
              output.  The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe.  If you  must  use  a  pipe,
              write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points dvips at this
              file.  This option also disables the automatic reading of the PRINTER  environment  variable,  and
              turns  off  the  automatic  sending  of control D if it was turned on with the -F option or in the
              configuration file; use -F after this option if you want both.

       -F     Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very last character of the PostScript  file.
              This is useful when dvips is driving the printer directly instead of working through a spooler, as
              is common on extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO NOT USE THIS OPTION!

       -G     Causes dvips to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered positions.  This  may  be  useful
              sometimes.

       -h name
              Prepend  file  name as an additional header file. (However, if the name is simply `-' suppress all
              header files from the output.)  This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.

       -i     Make each section be a separate file.  Under certain circumstances, dvips will split the  document
              up  into  `sections'  to  be  processed independently; this is most often done for memory reasons.
              Using this option tells dvips to place each section into a separate file; the new file  names  are
              created  replacing  the  suffix of the supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number.
              This option is most often used in conjunction with the -S option which sets  the  maximum  section
              length in pages.  For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive
              pages before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically split  a  book  into
              ten-page sections, each to its own file.

       -j     Download  only  needed  characters  from Type 1 fonts. This is the default in the current release.
              Some debugging flags trace this operation.  You can also control partial downloading on a per-font
              basis, via the psfonts.map file.

       -k     Print  crop marks.  This option increases the paper size (which should be specified, either with a
              paper size special or with the -T option) by a half inch in each dimension.   It  translates  each
              page  by  a  quarter  inch and draws cross-style crop marks.  It is mostly useful with typesetters
              that can set the page size automatically.

       -K     This option causes comments in included  PostScript  graphics,  font  files,  and  headers  to  be
              removed.  This is sometimes necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript post-processing
              programs.  Specifically, the %%Page comments, when left in, often cause difficulties.  Use of this
              flag  can  cause  some  included  graphics  to  fail, since the PostScript header macros from some
              software packages read portions of the input stream line  by  line,  searching  for  a  particular
              comment.   This  option  has been turned off by default because PostScript previewers and spoolers
              have been getting better.

       -l num The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default is the last page in the document.
              If  the  num is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any argument to the -p option) is treated
              as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare with \count0 values.  Thus, using -l =9  will
              end with the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered.

       -m     Specify manual feed for printer.

       -mode mode
              Use  mode  as the Metafont device name for path searching and font generation.  This overrides any
              value from configuration files.  With the default paths, explicitly specifying the mode also makes
              the program assume the fonts are in a subdirectory named mode.

       -M     Turns  off the automatic font generation facility.  If any fonts are missing, commands to generate
              the fonts are appended to the file missfont.log in the current directory; this file  can  then  be
              executed and deleted to create the missing fonts.

       -n num At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.

       -N     Turns  off  structured  comments;  this  might  be necessary on some systems that try to interpret
              PostScript comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers.  Old versions of TranScript  in
              particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.

       -noomega
              This  will  disable  the  use  of  Omega  extensions when interpreting DVI files.  By default, the
              additional opcodes 129 and 134 are recognized by dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted
              as requests to set 2-byte characters.

       -noptex
              This  will  disable  the  use  of  pTeX  extensions  when interpreting DVI files.  By default, the
              additional opcodes 130 and 135 are recognized by dvips  as  pTeX  extensions  and  interpreted  as
              requests to set 3-byte characters, and 255 as request to change the typesetting direction.

              The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at least temporarily) require 65536 or more
              positions instead of the default 256 positions, i.e., the memory requirements  of  dvips  will  be
              somewhat  larger.   If  you  find this unacceptable or encounter another problem with the Omega or
              pTeX extensions, you can switch off the pTeX extension by using -noptex, or both by using -noomega
              (but  please  do  send a bug report if you find such problems - see the bug address in the AUTHORS
              section below).

       -o name
              The output will be sent to file name If no file name is given (i.e., -o is  last  on  the  command
              line),  the  default name is file.ps where the .dvi file was called file.dvi; if this option isn't
              given, any default in the configuration file is used.  If the  first  character  of  the  supplied
              output  file name is an exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument to popen;
              thus, specifying !lpr as the output file will automatically queue the  file  for  printing.   This
              option  also disables the automatic reading of the PRINTER environment variable, and turns off the
              automatic sending of control D if it was turned on with the -F  option  or  in  the  configuration
              file; use -F after this option if you want both.

       -O offset
              Move  the origin by a certain amount.  The offset is a comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as
              .1in,-.3cm (in the same syntax used in the papersize special).  The origin of the page is  shifted
              from  the  default position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of
              the paper) by this amount.

       -p num The first page printed will be the first one numbered num.  Default  is  the  first  page  in  the
              document.   If  the num is prefixed by an equals sign, then it (and any argument to the -l option)
              is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare with \count0 values.  Thus,  using
              -p  =3  will  start  with  the  third  page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually
              numbered.

       -pp pagelist
              A comma-separated list of pages and ranges (a-b) may  be  given,  which  will  be  interpreted  as
              \count0  values.   Pages not specified will not be printed.  Multiple -pp options may be specified
              or all pages and page ranges can be specified with one -pp option.

       -P printername
              Sets  up  the  output  for  the  appropriate  printer.   This  is  implemented   by   reading   in
              config.printername  , which can then set the output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername as well as the
              font paths and any other config.ps defaults for that printer only.  Note that  config.ps  is  read
              before  config.printername In addition, another file called ~/.dvipsrc is searched for immediately
              after config.ps; this file is intended for  user  defaults.   If  no  -P  command  is  given,  the
              environment   variable  PRINTER  is  checked.   If  that  variable  exists,  and  a  corresponding
              configuration file exists, that configuration file is read in.

       -q     Run in quiet mode.  Don't chatter about pages  converted,  etc.;  report  nothing  but  errors  to
              standard error.

       -r     Stack pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be printed first.

       -R[0|1|2]
              Run  securely.   -R2  disables  both shell command execution in \special'{} (via backticks ` ) and
              config files (via the E option), and opening of  any  absolute  filenames.   -R1  ,  the  default,
              forbids  shell escapes but allows absolute filenames.  -R0 allows both.  The config file option is
              z

       -s     Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore pair.  This causes  the  file  to
              not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful if you are driving the printer
              directly and don't care too much about the portability of the output.

       -S num Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This option is most commonly used with the  -i
              option; see that documentation above for more information.

       -t papertype
              This  sets  the  paper  type  to  papertype.   The  papertype  should  be  defined  in  one of the
              configuration files, along with the appropriate code to select it.  (Currently known types include
              letter, legal, ledger, a4, a3).  You can also specify -t landscape, which rotates a document by 90
              degrees.  To rotate a document whose size is not letter, you can use the -t option twice, once for
              the page size, and once for landscape.  You should not use any -t option when the DVI file already
              contains a papersize special, as is done by some LaTeX packages, notably hyperref.sty.

              The upper left corner of each page in the .dvi file is placed one inch from the left and one  inch
              from  the  top.   Use  of  this  option  is highly dependent on the configuration file.  Note that
              executing the letter or a4 or other PostScript operators cause the document  to  be  nonconforming
              and  can  cause  it not to print on certain printers, so the paper size should not execute such an
              operator if at all possible.

       -T papersize
              Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions.  This option takes its arguments in  the  same
              style as -O.  It overrides any paper size special in the dvi file.

       -u psmapfile
              Set psmapfile to be the file that dvips uses for looking up PostScript font aliases.  If psmapfile
              begins with a + character, then the rest of the name is used as the name of the map file, and  the
              map file is appended to the list of map files (instead of replacing the list).  In either case, if
              psmapfile has no extension, then .map is added at the end.

       -U     Disable a  PostScript  virtual  memory  saving  optimization  that  stores  the  character  metric
              information  in  the  same  string  that  is  used  to store the bitmap information.  This is only
              necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter.  It is  caused  by  a  bug  in  that
              interpreter that results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character.  Not recommended unless you
              must drive this printer.

       -v     Print the dvips version number and exit.

       -V     Download non-resident PostScript fonts as bitmaps.  This requires use of `gsftopk' or `pstopk'  or
              some  other  such  program(s)  in  order to generate the required bitmap fonts; these programs are
              supplied with dvips.

       -x num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000.  Overrides the magnification specified in the .dvi  file.
              Must  be  between  10  and  100000.  Instead of an integer, num may be a real number for increased
              precision.

       -X num Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -y num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000 times the magnification specified in the .dvi  file.   See
              -x above.

       -Y num Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.

       -z     Pass html hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual distillation into PDF.  This is not
              enabled by default to avoid including the header files unnecessarily, and use of  temporary  files
              in creating the output.

       -Z     Causes  bitmapped  fonts to be compressed before they are downloaded, thereby reducing the size of
              the PostScript font-downloading information.  Especially useful at high resolutions or  when  very
              large  fonts  are  used.   Will  slow  down  printing  somewhat,  especially  on early 68000-based
              PostScript printers.

SEE ALSO

       mf(1), afm2tfm(1), tex(1), latex(1), lpr(1), dvips.texi, http://tug.org/dvips.

ENVIRONMENT

       Dvipsk uses the same environment variables and algorithms for finding font files as TeX and  its  friends
       do.  See the documentation for the Kpathsea library for details.  (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)

       KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for complete tracing.

       PRINTER: see above.

NOTES

       PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

AUTHOR

       Tomas  Rokicki  <rokicki@cs.stanford.edu>;  extended  to  virtual fonts by Don Knuth.  Path searching and
       configuration modifications by Karl Berry.

                                                   4 May 2010                                           DVIPS(1)