NAME

       pegasus-s3 - Upload, download, delete objects in Amazon S3

SYNOPSIS

       pegasus-s3 help
       pegasus-s3 ls [options] URL
       pegasus-s3 mkdir [options] URL...
       pegasus-s3 rmdir [options] URL...
       pegasus-s3 rm [options] [URL...]
       pegasus-s3 put [options] FILE URL
       pegasus-s3 get [options] URL [FILE]
       pegasus-s3 lsup [options] URL
       pegasus-s3 rmup [options] URL [UPLOAD]
       pegasus-s3 cp [options] SRC... DEST

DESCRIPTION

       pegasus-s3 is a client for the Amazon S3 object storage service and any other storage
       services that conform to the Amazon S3 API, such as Eucalyptus Walrus.

OPTIONS

   Global Options
       -h, --help
           Show help message for subcommand and exit

       -d, --debug
           Turn on debugging

       -v, --verbose
           Show progress messages

       -C FILE, --conf=FILE
           Path to configuration file

   rm Options
       -f, --force
           If the URL does not exist, then ignore the error.

       -F FILE, --file=FILE
           File containing a list of URLs to delete

   put Options
       -c X, --chunksize=X
           Set the chunk size for multipart uploads to X MB. A value of 0 disables multipart
           uploads. The default is 10MB, the min is 5MB and the max is 1024MB. This parameter
           only applies for sites that support multipart uploads (see multipart_uploads
           configuration parameter in the CONFIGURATION section). The maximum number of chunks is
           10,000, so if you are uploading a large file, then the chunk size is automatically
           increased to enable the upload. Choose smaller values to reduce the impact of
           transient failures.

       -p N, --parallel=N
           Use N threads to upload FILE in parallel. The default value is 4, which enables
           parallel uploads with 4 threads. This parameter is only valid if the site supports
           mulipart uploads and the --chunksize parameter is not 0. Otherwise parallel uploads
           are disabled.

       -b, --create-bucket
           Create the destination bucket if it does not already exist

   get Options
       -c X, --chunksize=X
           Set the chunk size for parallel downloads to X megabytes. A value of 0 will avoid
           chunked reads. This option only applies for sites that support ranged downloads (see
           ranged_downloads configuration parameter). The default chunk size is 10MB, the min is
           1MB and the max is 1024MB. Choose smaller values to reduce the impact of transient
           failures.

       -p N, --parallel=N
           Use N threads to upload FILE in parallel. The default value is 4, which enables
           parallel downloads with 4 threads. This parameter is only valid if the site supports
           ranged downloads and the --chunksize parameter is not 0. Otherwise parallel downloads
           are disabled.

   rmup Options
       -a, --all
           Cancel all uploads for the specified bucket

   cp Options
       -c, --create-dest
           Create the destination bucket if it does not exist.

       -r, --recursive
           If SRC is a bucket, copy all of the keys in that bucket to DEST. In that case DEST
           must be a bucket.

       -f, --force
           If DEST exists, then overwrite it.

SUBCOMMANDS

       pegasus-s3 has several subcommands for different storage service operations.

       help
           The help subcommand lists all available subcommands.

       ls
           The ls subcommand lists the contents of a URL. If the URL does not contain a bucket,
           then all the buckets owned by the user are listed. If the URL contains a bucket, but
           no key, then all the keys in the bucket are listed. If the URL contains a bucket and a
           key, then all keys in the bucket that begin with the specified key are listed.

       mkdir
           The mkdir subcommand creates one or more buckets.

       rmdir
           The rmdir subcommand deletes one or more buckets from the storage service. In order to
           delete a bucket, the bucket must be empty.

       rm
           The rm subcommand deletes one or more keys from the storage service.

       put
           The put subcommand stores the file specified by FILE in the storage service under the
           bucket and key specified by URL. If the URL contains a bucket, but not a key, then the
           file name is used as the key.

           If a transient failure occurs, then the upload will be retried several times before
           pegasus-s3 gives up and fails.

           The put subcommand can do both chunked and parallel uploads if the service supports
           multipart uploads (see multipart_uploads in the CONFIGURATION section). Currently only
           Amazon S3 supports multipart uploads.

           This subcommand will check the size of the file to make sure it can be stored before
           attempting to store it.

           Chunked uploads are useful to reduce the probability of an upload failing. If an
           upload is chunked, then pegasus-s3 issues separate PUT requests for each chunk of the
           file. Specifying smaller chunks (using --chunksize) will reduce the chances of an
           upload failing due to a transient error. Chunksizes can range from 5 MB to 1GB (chunk
           sizes smaller than 5 MB produced incomplete uploads on Amazon S3). The maximum number
           of chunks for any single file is 10,000, so if a large file is being uploaded with a
           small chunksize, then the chunksize will be increased to fit within the 10,000 chunk
           limit. By default, the file will be split into 10 MB chunks if the storage service
           supports multipart uploads. Chunked uploads can be disabled by specifying a chunksize
           of 0. If the upload is chunked, then each chunk is retried independently under
           transient failures. If any chunk fails permanently, then the upload is aborted.

           Parallel uploads can increase performance for services that support multipart uploads.
           In a parallel upload the file is split into N chunks and each chunk is uploaded
           concurrently by one of M threads in first-come, first-served fashion. If the chunksize
           is set to 0, then parallel uploads are disabled. If M > N, then the actual number of
           threads used will be reduced to N. The number of threads can be specified using the
           --parallel argument. If --parallel is 1, then only a single thread is used. The
           default value is 4. There is no maximum number of threads, but it is likely that the
           link will be saturated by 4 to 8 threads.

           Under certain circumstances, when a multipart upload fails it could leave behind data
           on the server. When a failure occurs the put subcommand will attempt to abort the
           upload. If the upload cannot be aborted, then a partial upload may remain on the
           server. To check for partial uploads run the lsup subcommand. If you see an upload
           that failed in the output of lsup, then run the rmup subcommand to remove it.

       get
           The get subcommand retrieves an object from the storage service identified by URL and
           stores it in the file specified by FILE. If FILE is not specified, then the key is
           used as the file name (Note: if the key has slashes, then the file name will be a
           relative subdirectory, but pegasus-s3 will not create the subdirectory if it does not
           exist).

           If a transient failure occurs, then the download will be retried several times before
           pegasus-s3 gives up and fails.

           The get subcommand can do both chunked and parallel downloads if the service supports
           ranged downloads (see ranged_downloads in the CONFIGURATION section). Currently only
           Amazon S3 has good support for ranged downloads. Eucalyptus Walrus supports ranged
           downloads, but the current release, 1.6, is inconsistent with the Amazon interface and
           has a bug that causes ranged downloads to hang in some cases. It is recommended that
           ranged downloads not be used with Eucalyptus until these issues are resolved.

           Chunked downloads can be used to reduce the probability of a download failing. When a
           download is chunked, pegasus-s3 issues separate GET requests for each chunk of the
           file. Specifying smaller chunks (using --chunksize) will reduce the chances that a
           download will fail to do a transient error. Chunk sizes can range from 1 MB to 1 GB.
           By default, a download will be split into 10 MB chunks if the site supports ranged
           downloads. Chunked downloads can be disabled by specifying a --chunksize of 0. If a
           download is chunked, then each chunk is retried independently under transient
           failures. If any chunk fails permanently, then the download is aborted.

           Parallel downloads can increase performance for services that support ranged
           downloads. In a parallel download, the file to be retrieved is split into N chunks and
           each chunk is downloaded concurrently by one of M threads in a first-come,
           first-served fashion. If the chunksize is 0, then parallel downloads are disabled. If
           M > N, then the actual number of threads used will be reduced to N. The number of
           threads can be specified using the --parallel argument. If --parallel is 1, then only
           a single thread is used. The default value is 4. There is no maximum number of
           threads, but it is likely that the link will be saturated by 4 to 8 threads.

       lsup
           The lsup subcommand lists active multipart uploads. The URL specified should point to
           a bucket. This command is only valid if the site supports multipart uploads. The
           output of this command is a list of keys and upload IDs.

           This subcommand is used with rmup to help recover from failures of multipart uploads.

       rmup
           The rmup subcommand cancels and active upload. The URL specified should point to a
           bucket, and UPLOAD is the long, complicated upload ID shown by the lsup subcommand.

           This subcommand is used with lsup to recover from failures of multipart uploads.

       cp
           The cp subcommand copies keys on the server. Keys cannot be copied between accounts.

URL FORMAT

       All URLs for objects stored in S3 should be specified in the following format:

           s3[s]://USER@SITE[/BUCKET[/KEY]]

       The protocol part can be s3:// or s3s://. If s3s:// is used, then pegasus-s3 will force
       the connection to use SSL and override the setting in the configuration file. If s3:// is
       used, then whether the connection uses SSL or not is determined by the value of the
       endpoint variable in the configuration for the site.

       The USER@SITE part is required, but the BUCKET and KEY parts may be optional depending on
       the context.

       The USER@SITE portion is referred to as the “identity”, and the SITE portion is referred
       to as the “site”. Both the identity and the site are looked up in the configuration file
       (see CONFIGURATION) to determine the parameters to use when establishing a connection to
       the service. The site portion is used to find the host and port, whether to use SSL, and
       other things. The identity portion is used to determine which authentication tokens to
       use. This format is designed to enable users to easily use multiple services with multiple
       authentication tokens. Note that neither the USER nor the SITE portion of the URL have any
       meaning outside of pegasus-s3. They do not refer to real usernames or hostnames, but are
       rather handles used to look up configuration values in the configuration file.

       The BUCKET portion of the URL is the part between the 3rd and 4th slashes. Buckets are
       part of a global namespace that is shared with other users of the storage service. As
       such, they should be unique.

       The KEY portion of the URL is anything after the 4th slash. Keys can include slashes, but
       S3-like storage services do not have the concept of a directory like regular file systems.
       Instead, keys are treated like opaque identifiers for individual objects. So, for example,
       the keys a/b and a/c have a common prefix, but cannot be said to be in the same directory.

       Some example URLs are:

           s3://ewa@amazon
           s3://juve@skynet/gideon.isi.edu
           s3://juve@magellan/pegasus-images/centos-5.5-x86_64-20101101.part.1
           s3s://ewa@amazon/pegasus-images/data.tar.gz

CONFIGURATION

       Each user should specify a configuration file that pegasus-s3 will use to look up
       connection parameters and authentication tokens.

   Search Path
       This client will look in the following locations, in order, to locate the user’s
       configuration file:

        1. The -C/--conf argument

        2. The S3CFG environment variable

        3. $HOME/.pegasus/s3cfg

        4. $HOME/.s3cfg

       If it does not find the configuration file in one of these locations it will fail with an
       error. The $HOME/.s3cfg location is only supported for backward-compatibility.
       $HOME/.pegasus/s3cfg should be used instead.

   Configuration File Format
       The configuration file is in INI format and contains two types of entries.

       The first type of entry is a site entry, which specifies the configuration for a storage
       service. This entry specifies the service endpoint that pegasus-s3 should connect to for
       the site, and some optional features that the site may support. Here is an example of a
       site entry for Amazon S3:

           [amazon]
           endpoint = http://s3.amazonaws.com/

       The other type of entry is an identity entry, which specifies the authentication
       information for a user at a particular site. Here is an example of an identity entry:

           [pegasus@amazon]
           access_key = 90c4143642cb097c88fe2ec66ce4ad4e
           secret_key = a0e3840e5baee6abb08be68e81674dca

       It is important to note that user names and site names used are only logical—they do not
       correspond to actual hostnames or usernames, but are simply used as a convenient way to
       refer to the services and identities used by the client.

       The configuration file should be saved with limited permissions. Only the owner of the
       file should be able to read from it and write to it (i.e. it should have permissions of
       0600 or 0400). If the file has more liberal permissions, then pegasus-s3 will fail with an
       error message. The purpose of this is to prevent the authentication tokens stored in the
       configuration file from being accessed by other users.

   Configuration Variables
       endpoint (site)
           The URL of the web service endpoint. If the URL begins with https, then SSL will be
           used.

       max_object_size (site)
           The maximum size of an object in GB (default: 5GB)

       multipart_uploads (site)
           Does the service support multipart uploads (True/False, default: False)

       ranged_downloads (site)
           Does the service support ranged downloads? (True/False, default: False)

       access_key (identity)
           The access key for the identity

       secret_key (identity)
           The secret key for the identity

   Example Configuration
       This is an example configuration that specifies a two sites (amazon and magellan) and
       three identities (pegasus@amazon,juve@magellan, and voeckler@magellan). For the amazon
       site the maximum object size is 5TB, and the site supports both multipart uploads and
       ranged downloads, so both uploads and downloads can be done in parallel.

           [amazon]
           endpoint = https://s3.amazonaws.com/
           max_object_size = 5120
           multipart_uploads = True
           ranged_downloads = True

           [pegasus@amazon]
           access_key = 90c4143642cb097c88fe2ec66ce4ad4e
           secret_key = a0e3840e5baee6abb08be68e81674dca

           [magellan]
           # NERSC Magellan is a Eucalyptus site. It doesn't support multipart uploads,
           # or ranged downloads (the defaults), and the maximum object size is 5GB
           # (also the default)
           endpoint = https://128.55.69.235:8773/services/Walrus

           [juve@magellan]
           access_key = quwefahsdpfwlkewqjsdoijldsdf
           secret_key = asdfa9wejalsdjfljasldjfasdfa

           [voeckler@magellan]
           # Each site can have multiple associated identities
           access_key = asdkfaweasdfbaeiwhkjfbaqwhei
           secret_key = asdhfuinakwjelfuhalsdflahsdl

EXAMPLE

       List all buckets owned by identity user@amazon:

           $ pegasus-s3 ls s3://user@amazon

       List the contents of bucket bar for identity user@amazon:

           $ pegasus-s3 ls s3://user@amazon/bar

       List all objects in bucket bar that start with hello:

           $ pegasus-s3 ls s3://user@amazon/bar/hello

       Create a bucket called mybucket for identity user@amazon:

           $ pegasus-s3 mkdir s3://user@amazon/mybucket

       Delete a bucket called mybucket:

           $ pegasus-s3 rmdir s3://user@amazon/mybucket

       Upload a file foo to bucket bar:

           $ pegasus-s3 putfoo s3://user@amazon/bar/foo

       Download an object foo in bucket bar:

           $ pegasus-s3 get s3://user@amazon/bar/foo foo

       Upload a file in parallel with 4 threads and 100MB chunks:

           $ pegasus-s3 put --parallel 4 --chunksize 100 foo s3://user@amazon/bar/foo

       Download an object in parallel with 4 threads and 100MB chunks:

           $ pegasus-s3 get --parallel 4 --chunksize 100 s3://user@amazon/bar/foo foo

       List all partial uploads for bucket bar:

           $ pegasus-s3 lsup s3://user@amazon/bar

       Remove all partial uploads for bucket bar:

           $ pegasus-s3 rmup --all s3://user@amazon/bar

RETURN VALUE

       pegasus-s3 returns a zero exist status if the operation is successful. A non-zero exit
       status is returned in case of failure.

AUTHOR

       Gideon Juve <gideon@isi.edu>

       Pegasus Team http://pegasus.isi.edu