Provided by: grass-doc_7.0.3-1build1_all 
NAME
r.series - Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in
the input raster map layers.
KEYWORDS
raster, aggregation, series
SYNOPSIS
r.series
r.series --help
r.series [-nz] [input=name[,name,...]] [file=name] output=name[,name,...] method=string[,string,...]
[quantile=float[,float,...]] [weights=float[,float,...]] [range=lo,hi] [--overwrite] [--help]
[--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]
Flags:
-n
Propagate NULLs
-z
Do not keep files open
--overwrite
Allow output files to overwrite existing files
--help
Print usage summary
--verbose
Verbose module output
--quiet
Quiet module output
--ui
Force launching GUI dialog
Parameters:
input=name[,name,...]
Name of input raster map(s)
file=name
Input file with one raster map name and optional one weight per line, field separator between name
and weight is |
output=name[,name,...] [required]
Name for output raster map
method=string[,string,...] [required]
Aggregate operation
Options: average, count, median, mode, minimum, min_raster, maximum, max_raster, stddev, range, sum,
variance, diversity, slope, offset, detcoeff, tvalue, quart1, quart3, perc90, quantile, skewness,
kurtosis
quantile=float[,float,...]
Quantile to calculate for method=quantile
Options: 0.0-1.0
weights=float[,float,...]
Weighting factor for each input map, default value is 1.0 for each input map
range=lo,hi
Ignore values outside this range
DESCRIPTION
r.series makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the
input raster map layers.
Following methods are available:
• average: average value
• count: count of non-NULL cells
• median: median value
• mode: most frequently occurring value
• minimum: lowest value
• maximum: highest value
• range: range of values (max - min)
• stddev: standard deviation
• sum: sum of values
• variance: statistical variance
• diversity: number of different values
• slope: linear regression slope
• offset: linear regression offset
• detcoeff: linear regression coefficient of determination
• tvalue: linear regression t-value
• min_raster: raster map number with the minimum time-series value
• max_raster: raster map number with the maximum time-series value
Note that most parameters accept multiple answers, allowing multiple aggregates to be computed in a
single run, e.g.:
r.series input=map1,...,mapN \
output=map.mean,map.stddev \
method=average,stddev
or:
r.series input=map1,...,mapN \
output=map.p10,map.p50,map.p90 \
method=quantile,quantile,quantile \
quantile=0.1,0.5,0.9
The same number of values must be provided for all options.
NOTES
No-data (NULL) handling
With -n flag, any cell for which any of the corresponding input cells are NULL is automatically set to
NULL (NULL propagation). The aggregate function is not called, so all methods behave this way with
respect to the -n flag.
Without -n flag, the complete list of inputs for each cell (including NULLs) is passed to the aggregate
function. Individual aggregates can handle data as they choose. Mostly, they just compute the aggregate
over the non-NULL values, producing a NULL result only if all inputs are NULL.
Minimum and maximum analysis
The min_raster and max_raster methods generate a map with the number of the raster map that holds the
minimum/maximum value of the time-series. The numbering starts at 0 up to n for the first and the last
raster listed in input=, respectively.
Range analysis
If the range= option is given, any values which fall outside that range will be treated as if they were
NULL. The range parameter can be set to low,high thresholds: values outside of this range are treated as
NULL (i.e., they will be ignored by most aggregates, or will cause the result to be NULL if -n is given).
The low,high thresholds are floating point, so use -inf or inf for a single threshold (e.g., range=0,inf
to ignore negative values, or range=-inf,-200.4 to ignore values above -200.4).
Linear regression
Linear regression (slope, offset, coefficient of determination, t-value) assumes equal time intervals. If
the data have irregular time intervals, NULL raster maps can be inserted into time series to make time
intervals equal (see example).
Quantiles
r.series can calculate arbitrary quantiles.
Memory consumption
Memory usage is not an issue, as r.series only needs to hold one row from each map at a time.
Management of open file limits
Number of raster maps to be processed is given by the limit of the operating system. For example, both
the hard and soft limits are typically 1024. The soft limit can be changed with e.g. ulimit -n 1500
(UNIX-based operating systems) but not higher than the hard limit. If it is too low, you can as superuser
add an entry in
/etc/security/limits.conf
# <domain> <type> <item> <value>
your_username hard nofile 1500
This would raise the hard limit to 1500 file. Be warned that more files open need more RAM. See also the
Wiki page Hints for large raster data processing.
For each map a weighting factor can be specified using the weights option. Using weights can be
meaningful when computing sum or average of maps with different temporal extent. The default weight is
1.0. The number of weights must be identical with the number of input maps and must have the same order.
Weights can also be specified in the input file.
Use the file option to analyze large amount of raster maps without hitting open files limit and the size
limit of command line arguments. The computation is slower than the input option method. For every sinlge
row in the output map(s) all input maps are opened and closed. The amount of RAM will rise linear with
the number of specified input maps. The input and file options are mutually exclusive. Input is a text
file with a new line separated list of raster map names and optional weights. As separator between the
map name and the weight the character "|" must be used.
EXAMPLES
Using r.series with wildcards:
r.series input="`g.list pattern=’insitu_data.*’ sep=,`" \
output=insitu_data.stddev method=stddev
Note the g.list script also supports regular expressions for selecting map names.
Using r.series with NULL raster maps (in order to consider a "complete" time series):
r.mapcalc "dummy = null()"
r.series in=map2001,map2002,dummy,dummy,map2005,map2006,dummy,map2008 \
out=res_slope,res_offset,res_coeff meth=slope,offset,detcoeff
Example for multiple aggregates to be computed in one run (3 resulting aggregates from two input maps):
r.series in=one,two out=result_avg,res_slope,result_count meth=sum,slope,count
Example to use the file option of r.series:
cat > input.txt << EOF
map1
map2
map3
EOF
r.series file=input.txt out=result_sum meth=sum
Example to use the file option of r.series including weights. The weight 0.75 should be assigned to map2.
As the other maps do not have weights we can leave it out:
cat > input.txt << EOF
map1
map2|0.75
map3
EOF
r.series file=input.txt out=result_sum meth=sum
Example for counting the number of days above a certain temperature using daily average maps (’???’ as
DOY wildcard):
# Approach for shell based systems
r.series input=`g.list rast pattern="temp_2003_???_avg" sep=,` \
output=temp_2003_days_over_25deg range=25.0,100.0 method=count
# Approach in two steps (e.g., for Windows systems)
g.list rast pattern="temp_2003_???_avg" output=mapnames.txt
r.series file=mapnames.txt \
output=temp_2003_days_over_25deg range=25.0,100.0 method=count
SEE ALSO
g.list, g.region, r.quantile, r.series.accumulate, r.series.interp, r.univar
Hints for large raster data processing
AUTHOR
Glynn Clements
Last changed: $Date: 2014-10-27 17:31:30 +0100 (Mon, 27 Oct 2014) $
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