xenial (1) ranger.1.gz

Provided by: ranger_1.7.1-1_all bug

NAME

       ranger - visual file manager

SYNOPSIS

       ranger [--version] [--help] [--debug] [--clean] [--confdir=directory] [--copy-config=which]
       [--choosefile=target] [--choosefiles=target] [--choosedir=target] [--selectfile=filepath]
       [--list-unused-keys] [--list-tagged-files=tag] [--profile] [--cmd=command] [path]

DESCRIPTION

       ranger is a console file manager with VI key bindings.

RESOURCES

       This manual contains instructions on how to use and configure ranger.

       Inside ranger, you can press ? for a list of key bindings, commands or settings.

       The file README.md contains install instructions.

       The file HACKING.md contains guidelines for code modification.

       The directory doc/configs contains configuration files.  They are usually installed to /etc/ranger/config
       and can be obtained with ranger's --copy-config option.

       The directory examples contains reference implementations for ranger plugins, sample configuration files
       and some programs for integrating ranger with other software.  They are usually installed to
       /usr/share/doc/ranger/examples.

       The man page of rifle(1) describes the functions of the file opener

       The section LINKS of this man page contains further resources.

OPTIONS

       -d, --debug   Activate the debug mode: Whenever an error occurs, ranger will exit and print a full
                     traceback.  The default behavior is to merely print the name of the exception in the
                     statusbar/log and try to keep running.

       -c, --clean   Activate the clean mode:  ranger will not access or create any configuration files nor will
                     it leave any traces on your system.  This is useful when your configuration is broken, when
                     you want to avoid clutter, etc.

       -r dir, --confdir=dir
                     Change the configuration directory of ranger from ~/.config/ranger to "dir".

       --copy-config=file
                     Create copies of the default configuration files in your local configuration directory.
                     Existing ones will not be overwritten.  Possible values: all, commands, commands_full, rc,
                     rifle, scope.

                     Note: You may want to disable loading of the global configuration files by exporting
                     RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC=FALSE in your environment.  See also: FILES, ENVIRONMENT

                     --copy-config=commands will copy only a small sample configuration file with a thoroughly
                     commented example.  It is recommended to keep this file tidy to avoid getting defunct
                     commands on ranger upgrades.  The full default commands.py can be copied with
                     --copy-config=commands_full, but that file will be ignored by ranger and serves only as a
                     reference for making your own commands.

       --choosefile=targetfile
                     Allows you to pick a file with ranger.  This changes the behavior so that when you open a
                     file, ranger will exit and write the absolute path of that file into targetfile.

       --choosefiles=targetfile
                     Allows you to pick multiple files with ranger.  This changes the behavior so that when you
                     open a file, ranger will exit and write the absolute paths of all selected files into
                     targetfile, adding one newline after each filename.

       --choosedir=targetfile
                     Allows you to pick a directory with ranger.  When you exit ranger, it will write the last
                     visited directory into targetfile.

       --selectfile=targetfile
                     Open ranger with targetfile selected.

       --list-unused-keys
                     List common keys which are not bound to any action in the "browser" context.  This list is
                     not complete, you can bind any key that is supported by curses: use the key code returned
                     by "getch()".

       --list-tagged-files=tag
                     List all files which are tagged with the given tag.  Note: Tags are single characters.  The
                     default tag is "*"

       --profile     Print statistics of CPU usage on exit.

       --cmd=command Execute the command after the configuration has been read.  Use this option multiple times
                     to run multiple commands.

       --version     Print the version and exit.

       -h, --help    Print a list of options and exit.

CONCEPTS

       This part explains how certain parts of ranger work and how they can be used efficiently.

   TAGS
       Tags are single characters which are displayed left of a filename.  You can use tags however you want.
       Press "t" to toggle tags and "ut" to remove any tags of the selection. The default tag is an Asterisk
       ("*"), but you can use any tag by typing "<tagname>.

   PREVIEWS
       By default, only text files are previewed, but you can enable external preview scripts by setting the
       option "use_preview_script" and "preview_files" to true.

       This default script is ~/.config/ranger/scope.sh. It contains more documentation and calls to the
       programs lynx and elinks for html, highlight for text/code, img2txt for images, atool for archives,
       pdftotext for PDFs and mediainfo for video and audio files.

       Install these programs (just the ones you need) and scope.sh will automatically use them.

       Independently of the preview script, there is a feature to preview images by drawing them directly into
       the terminal. To enable this feature, set the option "preview_images" to true and enable one of the image
       preview modes:

       w3m

       This does not work over ssh, requires certain terminals (tested on "xterm" and "urxvt") and is
       incompatible with tmux, although it works with screen.

       To enable this feature, install the program "w3m" and set the option "preview_images_method" to w3m.

       iTerm2

       This only works in iTerm2 compiled with image preview support, but works over ssh.

       To enable this feature, set the option "preview_images_method" to iterm2.

   SELECTION
       The selection is defined as "All marked files IF THERE ARE ANY, otherwise the current file."  Be aware of
       this when using the :delete command, which deletes all files in the selection.

       You can mark files by pressing <Space>, v, etc.  A yellow Mrk symbol at the bottom right indicates that
       there are marked files in this directory.

   MACROS
       Macros can be used in commands to abbreviate things.

        %f   the highlighted file
        %d   the path of the current directory
        %s   the selected files in the current directory.
        %t   all tagged files in the current directory
        %c   the full paths of the currently copied/cut files

       The macros %f, %d and %s also have upper case variants, %F, %D and %S, which refer to the next tab.  To
       refer to specific tabs, add a number in between.  (%7s = selection of the seventh tab.)

       %c is the only macro which ranges out of the current directory. So you may "abuse" the copying function
       for other purposes, like diffing two files which are in different directories:

        Yank the file A (type yy), move to the file B, then type
        @diff %c %f

       Macros for file paths are generally shell-escaped so they can be used in the "shell" command.

       Additionally, if you create a key binding that uses <any>, a special statement which accepts any key,
       then the macro %any (or %any0, %any1, %any2, ...) can be used in the command to get the key that was
       pressed.

       The macro %rangerdir expands to the directory of ranger's python library, you can use it for something
       like this command:
         alias show_commands shell less %rangerdir/config/commands.py

       The macro %space expands to a space character. You can use it to add spaces to the end of a command when
       needed, while preventing editors to strip spaces off the end of the line automatically.

   BOOKMARKS
       Type m<key> to bookmark the current directory. You can re-enter this directory by typing `<key>. <key>
       can be any letter or digit.  Unlike vim, both lowercase and uppercase bookmarks are persistent.

       Each time you jump to a bookmark, the special bookmark at key ` will be set to the last directory. So
       typing "``" gets you back to where you were before.

       Bookmarks are selectable when tabbing in the :cd command.

       Note: The bookmarks ' (Apostrophe) and ` (Backtick) are the same.

   RIFLE
       Rifle is the file opener of ranger.  It can be used as a standalone program or a python module.  It is
       located at ranger/ext/rifle.py.  In contrast to other, more simple file openers, rifle can automatically
       find installed programs so it can be used effectively out of the box on a variety of systems.

       It's configured in rifle.conf through a list of conditions and commands.  For each line the conditions
       are checked and if they are met, the respective command is taken into consideration.  By default, simply
       the first matching rule is used.  In ranger, you can list and choose rules by typing "r" or simply by
       typing "<rulenumber><enter>".  If you use rifle standalone, you can list all rules with the "-l" option
       and pick a rule with "-p <number>".

       The rules, along with further documentation, are contained in ranger/config/rifle.conf.

   FLAGS
       Flags give you a way to modify the behavior of the spawned process.  They are used in the commands
       ":open_with" (key "r") and ":shell" (key "!").

        f   Fork the process.  (Run in background)
        c   Run the current file only, instead of the selection
        r   Run application with root privilege (requires sudo)
        t   Run application in a new terminal window

       There are some additional flags that can currently be used only in the "shell" command: (for example
       ":shell -w df")

        p   Redirect output to the pager
        s   Silent mode.  Output will be discarded.
        w   Wait for an Enter-press when the process is done

       By default, all the flags are off unless specified otherwise in the rifle.conf configuration file.  You
       can specify as many flags as you want.  An uppercase flag negates the effect: "ffcccFsf" is equivalent to
       "cs".

       The terminal program name for the "t" flag is taken from the environment variable $TERMCMD.  If it
       doesn't exist, it tries to extract it from $TERM and uses "xterm" as a fallback if that fails.

       Examples: ":open_with c" will open the file that you currently point at, even if you have selected other
       files.  ":shell -w df" will run "df" and wait for you to press Enter before switching back to ranger.

   PLUGINS
       ranger's plugin system consists of python files which are located in ~/.config/ranger/plugins/ and are
       imported in alphabetical order when starting ranger.  A plugin changes rangers behavior by overwriting or
       extending a function that ranger uses.  This allows you to change pretty much every part of ranger, but
       there is no guarantee that things will continue to work in future versions as the source code evolves.

       There are some hooks that are specifically made for the use in plugins.  They are functions that start
       with hook_ and can be found throughout the code.

        grep 'def hook_' -r /path/to/rangers/source

       Also try:

        pydoc ranger.api

       Note that you should NOT simply overwrite a function unless you know what you're doing.  Instead, save
       the existing function and call it from your new one.  This way, multiple plugins can use the same hook.
       There are several sample plugins in the /usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/ directory, including a hello-
       world plugin that describes this procedure.

KEY BINDINGS

       Key bindings are defined in the file ranger/config/rc.conf.  Check this file for a list of all key
       bindings.  You can copy it to your local configuration directory with the --copy-config=rc option.

       Many key bindings take an additional numeric argument.  Type 5j to move down 5 lines, 2l to open a file
       in mode 2, 10<Space> to mark 10 files.

       This list contains the most useful bindings:

   MAIN BINDINGS
       h, j, k, l    Move left, down, up or right

       ^D or J, ^U or K
                     Move a half page down, up

       H, L          Move back and forward in the history

       gg            Move to the top

       G             Move to the bottom

       [, ]          Move up and down in the parent directory.

       ^R            Reload everything

       ^L            Redraw the screen

       i             Inspect the current file in a bigger window.

       E             Edit the current file in $EDITOR ("nano" by default)

       S             Open a shell in the current directory

       ?             Opens this man page

       W             Opens the log window where you can review messages that pop up at the bottom.

       w             Opens the task window where you can view and modify background processes that currently run
                     in ranger.  In there, you can type "dd" to abort a process and "J" or "K" to change the
                     priority of a process.  Only one process is run at a time.

       ^C            Stop the currently running background process that ranger has started, like copying files,
                     loading directories or file previews.

       <octal>=, +<who><what>, -<who><what>
                     Change the permissions of the selection.  For example, "777=" is equivalent to "chmod 777
                     %s", "+ar" does "chmod a+r %s", "-ow" does "chmod o-w %s" etc.

       yy            Copy (yank) the selection, like pressing Ctrl+C in modern GUI programs.

       dd            Cut the selection, like pressing Ctrl+X in modern GUI programs.

       pp            Paste the files which were previously copied or cut, like pressing Ctrl+V in modern GUI
                     programs.

       po            Paste the copied/cut files, overwriting existing files.

       pl, pL        Create symlinks (absolute or relative) to the copied files

       phl           Create hardlinks to the copied files

       pht           Duplicate the subdirectory tree of the copied directory, then create hardlinks for each
                     contained file into the new directory tree.

       mX            Create a bookmark with the name X

       `X            Move to the bookmark with the name X

       n             Find the next file.  By default, this gets you to the newest file in the directory, but if
                     you search something using the keys /, cm, ct, ..., it will get you to the next found
                     entry.

       N             Find the previous file.

       oX            Change the sort method (like in mutt)

       zX            Change settings.  See the settings section for a list of settings and their hotkey.

       u?            Universal undo-key.  Depending on the key that you press after "u", it either restores
                     closed tabs (uq), removes tags (ut), clears the copy/cut buffer (ud), starts the reversed
                     visual mode (uV) or clears the selection (uv).

       f             Quickly navigate by entering a part of the filename.

       Space         Mark a file.

       v             Toggle the mark-status of all files

       V             Starts the visual mode, which selects all files between the starting point and the cursor
                     until you press ESC.  To unselect files in the same way, use "uV".

       /             Search for files in the current directory.

       :             Open the console.

       !             Open the console with the content "shell " so you can quickly run commands

       @             Open the console with the content "shell  %s", placing the cursor before the " %s" so you
                     can quickly run commands with the current selection as the argument.

       r             Open the console with the content "open with " so you can decide which program to use to
                     open the current file selection.

       cd            Open the console with the content "cd "

       Alt-N         Open a tab. N has to be a number from 0 to 9. If the tab doesn't exist yet, it will be
                     created.

       gn, ^N        Create a new tab.

       gt, gT        Go to the next or previous tab. You can also use TAB and SHIFT+TAB instead.

       gc, ^W        Close the current tab.  The last tab cannot be closed this way.

       M             A key chain that allows you to quickly change the line mode of all the files of the current
                     directory.  For a more permanent solution, use the command "default_linemode" in your
                     rc.conf.

   READLINE-LIKE BINDINGS IN THE CONSOLE
       ^B, ^F        Move left and right (B for back, F for forward)

       ^P, ^N        Move up and down (P for previous, N for Next)

       ^A, ^E        Move to the start or to the end

       ^D            Delete the current character.

       ^H            Backspace.

MOUSE BUTTONS

       Left Mouse Button
           Click on something and you'll move there.  To run a file, "enter" it, like a directory, by clicking
           on the preview.

       Right Mouse Button
           Enter a directory or run a file.

       Scroll Wheel
           Scrolls up or down.  You can point at the column of the parent directory while scrolling to switch
           directories.

SETTINGS

       This section lists all built-in settings of ranger.  The valid types for the value are in [brackets].
       The hotkey to toggle the setting is in <brokets>, if a hotkey exists.

       Settings can be changed in the file ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf or on the fly with the command :set option
       value.  Examples:

        set column_ratios 1,2,3
        set show_hidden true

       The different types of settings and an example for each type:

        setting type   | example values
        ---------------+----------------------------
        bool           | true, false
        integer        | 1, 23, 1337
        string         | foo, hello world
        list           | 1,2,3,4
        none           | none

       You can view a list of all settings and their current values by pressing "3?"  in ranger.

       automatically_count_files [bool]
           Should ranger count and display the number of files in each directory as soon as it's visible?  This
           gets slow with remote file sytems.  Turning it off will still allow you to see the number of files
           after entering the directory.

       autosave_bookmarks [bool]
           Save bookmarks (used with mX and `X) instantly?  This helps to synchronize bookmarks between multiple
           ranger instances but leads to *slight* performance loss.  When false, bookmarks are saved when ranger
           is exited.

       autoupdate_cumulative_size [bool]
           You can display the "real" cumulative size of directories by using the command :get_cumulative_size
           or typing "dc".  The size is expensive to calculate and will not be updated automatically.  You can
           choose to update it automatically though by turning on this option.

       cd_bookmarks [bool]
           Specify whether bookmarks should be included in the tab completion of the "cd" command.

       collapse_preview [bool] <zc>
           When no preview is visible, should the last column be squeezed to make use of the whitespace?

       colorscheme [string]
           Which colorscheme to use?  These colorschemes are available by default: default, jungle, snow.  Snow
           is a monochrome scheme, jungle replaces blue directories with green ones for better visibility on
           certain terminals.

       column_ratios [list]
           How many columns are there, and what are their relative widths?  For example, a value of 1,1,1 would
           mean 3 evenly sized columns. 1,1,1,1,4 means 5 columns with the preview column being as large as the
           other columns combined.

       confirm_on_delete [string]
           Ask for a confirmation when running the "delete" command?  Valid values are "always" (default),
           "never", "multiple". With "multiple", ranger will ask only if you delete multiple files at once.

       dirname_in_tabs [bool]
           Display the directory name in tabs?

       display_size_in_main_column [bool]
           Display the file size in the main column?

       display_size_in_status_bar [bool]
           Display the file size in the status bar?

       display_tags_in_all_columns [bool]
           Display tags in all columns?

       draw_borders [bool]
           Draw borders around columns?

       draw_progress_bar_in_statusbar [bool]
           Draw a progress bar in the status bar which displays the average state of all currently running tasks
           which support progress bars?

       flushinput [bool] <zi>
           Flush the input after each key hit?  One advantage is that when scrolling down with "j", ranger stops
           scrolling instantly when you release the key.  One disadvantage is that when you type commands
           blindly, some keys might get lost.

       hidden_filter [string]
           A regular expression pattern for files which should be hidden.  For example, this pattern will hide
           all files that start with a dot or end with a tilde.

            set hidden_filter ^\.|~$

       idle_delay [integer]
           The delay that ranger idly waits for user input, in milliseconds, with a resolution of 100ms.  Lower
           delay reduces lag between directory updates but increases CPU load.

       max_console_history_size [integer, none]
           How many console commands should be kept in history?  "none" will disable the limit.

       max_history_size [integer, none]
           How many directory changes should be kept in history?

       metadata_deep_search [bool]
           When the metadata manager module looks for metadata, should it only look for a ".metadata.json" file
           in the current directory, or do a deep search and check all directories above the current one as
           well?

       mouse_enabled [bool] <zm>
           Enable mouse input?

       padding_right [bool]
           When collapse_preview is on and there is no preview, should there remain a little padding on the
           right?  This allows you to click into that space to run the file.

       preview_directories [bool] <zP>
           Preview directories in the preview column?

       preview_files [bool] <zp>
           Preview files in the preview column?

       preview_images [bool]
           Draw images inside the console with the external program w3mimgpreview?

       preview_max_size [int]
           Avoid previewing files that exceed a certain size, in bytes.  Use a value of 0 to disable this
           feature.

       preview_script [string, none]
           Which script should handle generating previews?  If the file doesn't exist, or use_preview_script is
           off, ranger will handle previews itself by just printing the content.

       save_console_history [bool]
           Should the console history be saved on exit?  If disabled, the console history is reset when you
           restart ranger.

       scroll_offset [integer]
           Try to keep this much space between the top/bottom border when scrolling.

       shorten_title [integer]
           Trim the title of the window if it gets long?  The number defines how many directories are displayed
           at once. A value of 0 turns off this feature.

       show_cursor [bool]
           Always show the terminal cursor?

       show_hidden_bookmarks [bool]
           Show dotfiles in the bookmark preview window? (Type ')

       show_hidden [bool] <zh>, <^H>
           Show hidden files?

       sort_case_insensitive [bool] <zc>
           Sort case-insensitively?  If true, "a" will be listed before "B" even though its ASCII value is
           higher.

       sort_directories_first [bool] <zd>
           Sort directories first?

       sort_reverse [bool] <or>
           Reverse the order of files?

       sort_unicode [bool]
           When sorting according to some string, should the unicode characters be compared, instead of looking
           at the raw character values to save time?

       sort [string] <oa>, <ob>, <oc>, <oe>, <om>, <on>, <ot>, <os>, <oz>
           Which sorting mechanism should be used?  Choose one of atime, basename, ctime, extension, mtime,
           natural, type, size, random

           Note: You can reverse the order by typing an uppercase second letter in the key combination, e.g.
           "oN" to sort from Z to A.

       status_bar_on_top [bool]
           Put the status bar at the top of the window?

       tilde_in_titlebar [bool]
           Abbreviate $HOME with ~ in the title bar (first line) of ranger?

       unicode_ellipsis [bool]
           Use a unicode "..." character instead of "~" to mark cut-off filenames?

       update_title [bool]
           Set a window title?

       update_tmux_title [bool]
           Set the title to "ranger" in the tmux program?

       use_preview_script [bool] <zv>
           Use the preview script defined in the setting preview_script?

       vcs_aware [bool]
           Gather and display data about version control systems. Supported vcs: git, hg.

       vcs_backend_git, vcs_backend_hg, vcs_backend_bzr [string]
           Sets the state for the version control backend. The possible values are:

            disabled   don't display any information.
            local      display only local state.
            enabled    display both, local and remote state. May be slow for hg and bzr.

       xterm_alt_key [bool]
           Enable this if key combinations with the Alt Key don't work for you.  (Especially on xterm)

COMMANDS

       You can enter the commands in the console which is opened by pressing ":".

       You can always get a list of the currently existing commands by typing "2?" in ranger.  For your
       convenience, this is a list of the "public" commands including their parameters, excluding descriptions:

        alias [newcommand] [oldcommand]
        bulkrename
        cd [directory]
        chain command1[; command2[; command3...]]
        chmod octal_number
        cmap key command
        console [-pSTARTPOSITION] command
        copycmap key newkey [newkey2...]
        copymap key newkey [newkey2...]
        copypmap key newkey [newkey2...]
        copytmap key newkey [newkey2...]
        cunmap keys...
        default_linemode [path=regexp | tag=tags] linemodename
        delete
        edit [filename]
        eval [-q] python_code
        filter [string]
        filter_inode_type [dfl]
        find pattern
        flat level
        grep pattern
        help
        linemode linemodename
        load_copy_buffer
        map key command
        mark pattern
        mark_tag [tags]
        meta key value
        mkdir dirname
        open_with [application] [flags] [mode]
        pmap key command
        prompt_metadata [key1 [key2 [...]]]
        punmap keys...
        quit
        quit!
        relink newpath
        rename_append
        rename newname
        save_copy_buffer
        scout [-FLAGS] pattern
        search pattern
        search_inc pattern
        set option value
        setintag tags option value
        setlocal [path=<path>] option value
        shell [-FLAGS] command
        terminal
        tmap key command
        touch filename
        travel pattern
        tunmap keys...
        unmap keys...
        unmark pattern
        unmark_tag [tags]

       There are additional commands which are directly translated to python functions, one for every method in
       the ranger.core.actions.Actions class.  They are not documented here, since they are mostly for key
       bindings, not to be typed in by a user.  Read the source if you are interested in them.

       These are the public commands including their descriptions:

       alias [newcommand] [oldcommand]
         Copies the oldcommand as newcommand.

       bulkrename
         This command opens a list of selected files in an external editor.  After you edit and save the file,
         it will generate a shell script which does bulk renaming according to the changes you did in the file.

         This shell script is opened in an editor for you to review.  After you close it, it will be executed.

       cd [directory]
         The cd command changes the directory.  The command ":cd -" is equivalent to typing ``.

       chain command1[; command2[; command3...]]
         Combines multiple commands into one, separated by semicolons.

       chmod octal_number
         Sets the permissions of the selection to the octal number.

         The octal number is between 000 and 777. The digits specify the permissions for the user, the group and
         others.  A 1 permits execution, a 2 permits writing, a 4 permits reading.  Add those numbers to combine
         them. So a 7 permits everything.

         Key bindings in the form of [-+]<who><what> and <octal>= also exist.  For example, +ar allows reading
         for everyone, -ow forbids others to write and 777= allows everything.

         See also: man 1 chmod

       cmap key command
         Binds keys for the console. Works like the "map" command.

       console [-pN] command
         Opens the console with the command already typed in.  The cursor is placed at N.

       copycmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
         See "copymap"

       copymap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
         Copies the keybinding key to newkey in the "browser" context.  This is a deep copy, so if you change
         the new binding (or parts of it) later, the old one is not modified.

         To copy key bindings of the console, taskview, or pager use "copycmap", "copytmap" or "copypmap".

       copypmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
         See "copymap"

       copytmap key newkey [newkey2 ...]
         See "copymap"

       cunmap [keys...]
         Removes key mappings of the console. Works like the "unmap" command.

       default_linemode [path=regexp | tag=tags] linemodename
         Sets the default linemode.  See linemode command.

         Examples:

         Set the global default linemode to "permissions":
          :default_linemode permissions

         Set the default linemode to "permissions" for all files tagged with "p" or "P":
          :default_linemode tag=pP permissions

         Set the default linemode for all files in ~/books/ to "metatitle":
          :default_linemode path=/home/.*?/books/.* metatitle

       delete
         Destroy all files in the selection with a roundhouse kick.  ranger will ask for a confirmation if you
         attempt to delete multiple (marked) files or non-empty directories.  This can be changed by modifying
         the setting "confirm_on_delete".

       edit [filename]
         Edit the current file or the file in the argument.

       eval [-q] python_code
         Evaluates the python code.  `fm' is a reference to the FM instance.  To display text, use the function
         `p'.  The result is displayed on the screen unless you use the "-q" option.

         Examples:
          :eval fm
          :eval len(fm.tabs)
          :eval p("Hello World!")

       filter [string]
         Displays only the files which contain the string in their basename.  Running this command without any
         parameter will reset the fitler.

         This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

       filter_inode_type [dfl]
         Displays only the files of specified inode type. To display only directories, use the 'd' parameter. To
         display only files, use the 'f' parameter. To display only links, use the 'l' parameter. Parameters can
         be combined. To remove this filter, use no parameter.

       find pattern
         Search files in the current directory that contain the given (case-insensitive) string in their name as
         you type.  Once there is an unambiguous result, it will be run immediately. (Or entered, if it's a
         directory.)

         This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

       flat level
         Flattens the directory view up to the specified level. Level -1 means infinite level. Level 0 means
         standard view without flattened directory view. Level values -2 and less are invalid.

       grep pattern
         Looks for a string in all marked files or directories.

       help
         Provides a quick way to view ranger documentations.

       linemode linemodename
         Sets the linemode of all files in the current directory.  The linemode may be:

          "filename": display each line as "<basename>...<size>"
          "fileinfo": display each line as "<basename>...<file(1) output>"
          "permissions": display each line as "<permissions> <owner> <group> <basename>"
          "metatitle": display metadata from .metadata.json files if
              available, fall back to the "filename" linemode if no
              metadata was found.  See :meta command.

         The custom linemodes may be added by subclassing the LinemodeBase class.  See the ranger.core.linemode
         module for some examples.

       load_copy_buffer
         Load the copy buffer from ~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer.  This can be used to pass the list of copied
         files to another ranger instance.

       map key command
         Assign the key combination to the given command.  Whenever you type the key/keys, the command will be
         executed.  Additionally, if you use a quantifier when typing the key, like 5j, it will be passed to the
         command as the attribute "self.quantifier".

         The keys you bind with this command are accessible in the file browser only, not in the console, task
         view or pager.  To bind keys there, use the commands "cmap", "tmap" or "pmap".

       mark pattern
         Mark all files matching the regular expression pattern.

         This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

       mark_tag [tags]
         Mark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags.  When leaving out the tag argument, all
         tagged files are marked.

       meta key value
         Set the metadata of the currently highlighted file.  Example:

          :meta title The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
          :meta year 1979

         This metadata can be displayed by, for example, using the "metatitle" line mode by typing Mt.

       mkdir dirname
         Creates a directory with the name dirname.

       open_with [application] [flags] [mode]
         Open the selected files with the given application, unless it is omitted, in which case the default
         application is used.  flags change the way the application is executed and are described in their own
         section in this man page.  The mode is a number that specifies which application to use.  The list of
         applications is generated by the external file opener "rifle" and can be displayed when pressing "r" in
         ranger.

         Note that if you specify an application, the mode is ignored.

       pmap key command
         Binds keys for the pager. Works like the "map" command.

       prompt_metadata [keys ...]
         Prompt the user to input metadata with the "meta" command for multiple keys in a row.

       punmap [keys ...]
         Removes key mappings of the pager. Works like the "unmap" command.

       quit
         Like quit!, but closes only this tab if multiple tabs are open.

       quit!
         Quit ranger.  The current directory will be bookmarked as ' so you can re-enter it by typing `` or ''
         the next time you start ranger.

       relink newpath
         Change the link destination of the current symlink file to <newpath>. First <tab> will load the
         original link.

       rename_append
         Opens the console with ":rename <current file>" with the cursor automatically placed before the file
         extension

       rename newname
         Rename the current file.  If a file with that name already exists, the renaming will fail.  Also try
         the key binding A for appending something to a file name.

       save_copy_buffer
         Save the copy buffer to ~/.config/ranger/copy_buffer.  This can be used to pass the list of copied
         files to another ranger instance.

       scout [-flags...] [--] pattern
         Swiss army knife command for searching, traveling and filtering files.  The command takes various flags
         as arguments which can be used to influence its behaviour:

          -a = automatically open a file on unambiguous match
          -e = open the selected file when pressing enter
          -f = filter files that match the current search pattern
          -g = interpret pattern as a glob pattern
          -i = ignore the letter case of the files
          -k = keep the console open when changing a directory with the command
          -l = letter skipping; e.g. allow "rdme" to match the file "readme"
          -m = mark the matching files after pressing enter
          -M = unmark the matching files after pressing enter
          -p = permanent filter: hide non-matching files after pressing enter
          -s = smart case; like -i unless pattern contains upper case letters
          -t = apply filter and search pattern as you type
          -v = inverts the match

         Multiple flags can be combined.  For example, ":scout -gpt" would create a :filter-like command using
         globbing.

       search pattern
         Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive) regular expression
         pattern.

         This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

       search_inc pattern
         Search files in the current directory that match the given (case insensitive) regular expression
         pattern.  This command gets you to matching files as you type.

         This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

       set option value
         Assigns a new value to an option.  Valid options are listed in the settings section.  Use tab
         completion to get the current value of an option, though this doesn't work for functions and regular
         expressions. Valid values are:

          setting type   | example values
          ---------------+----------------------------
          bool           | true, false
          integer        | 1, 23, 1337
          string         | foo, hello world
          list           | 1,2,3,4
          none           | none

       setintag tags option value
         Assigns a new value to an option, but locally for the directories that are marked with tag.  This
         means, that this option only takes effect when visiting that directory.

       setlocal [path=path] option value
         Assigns a new value to an option, but locally for the directory given by path. This means, that this
         option only takes effect when visiting that directory. If no path is given, uses the current directory.

       shell [-flags] command
         Run a shell command.  flags are discussed in their own section.

       terminal
         Spawns the x-terminal-emulator starting in the current directory.

       tmap key command
         Binds keys for the taskview. Works like the "map" command.

       touch filename
         Creates an empty file with the name filename, unless it already exists.

       travel pattern
         Filters the current directory for files containing the letters in the string, possibly with other
         letters in between.  The filter is applied as you type.  When only one directory is left, it is entered
         and the console is automatically reopened, allowing for fast travel.  To close the console, press ESC
         or execute a file.

         This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

       tunmap [keys ...]
         Removes key mappings of the taskview. Works like the "unmap" command.

       unmap [keys ...]
         Removes the given key mappings in the "browser" context.  To unmap key bindings in the console,
         taskview, or pager use "cunmap", "tunmap" or "punmap".

       unmark pattern
         Unmark all files matching a regular expression pattern.

         This command is based on the scout command and supports all of its options.

       unmark_tag [tags]
         Unmark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags.  When leaving out the tag argument, all
         tagged files are unmarked.

FILES

       ranger reads several configuration files which are located in $HOME/.config/ranger or
       $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/ranger if $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is defined.  You can use the --copy-config option to obtain
       the default configuration files.  Each of the files contains further documentation.

       You don't need to copy the whole file though, most configuration files are overlaid on top of the
       defaults (commands.py, rc.conf) or can be sub-classed (colorschemes).

       That being said, the user configuration files rc.conf and commands.py are loaded only after ranger loads
       the default configuration files.  This may lead to some confusing situations, for example when a key is
       being bound despite the corresponding line being removed from the user's copy of the configuration file.
       This behavior may be disabled with an environment variable (see also: ENVIRONMENT).

       When starting ranger with the --clean option, it will not access or create any of these files.

   CONFIGURATION
       rc.conf   Contains a list of commands which are executed on startup.  Mostly key bindings and settings
                 are defined here.

       commands.py
                 A python module that defines commands which can be used in ranger's console by typing ":" or in
                 the rc.conf file.

       commands_full.py
                 This file is copied by --copy-config=commands_full and serves as a reference for custom
                 commands.  It is entirely ignored by ranger.

       rifle.conf
                 This is the configuration file for the built-in file launcher called "rifle".

       scope.sh  This is a script that handles file previews.  When the options use_preview_script and
                 preview_files are set, the program specified in the option preview_script is run and its output
                 and/or exit code determines rangers reaction.

       colorschemes/
                 Colorschemes can be placed here.

       plugins/  Plugins can be placed here.

   STORAGE
       bookmarks This file contains a list of bookmarks.  The syntax is /^(.):(.*)$/. The first character is the
                 bookmark key and the rest after the colon is the path to the file.  In ranger, bookmarks can be
                 set by typing m<key>, accessed by typing '<key> and deleted by typing um<key>.

       copy_buffer
                 When running the command :save_copy_buffer, the paths of all currently copied files are saved
                 in this file.  You can later run :load_copy_buffer to copy the same files again, pass them to
                 another ranger instance or process them in a script.

       history   Contains a list of commands that have been previously typed in.

       tagged    Contains a list of tagged files. The syntax is /^(.:)?(.*)$/ where the first letter is the
                 optional name of the tag and the rest after the optional colon is the path to the file.  In
                 ranger, tags can be set by pressing t and removed with T.  To assign a named tag, type
                 "<tagname>.

ENVIRONMENT

       These environment variables have an effect on ranger:

       RANGER_LEVEL
               ranger sets this environment variable to "1" or increments it if it already exists.  External
               programs can determine whether they were spawned from ranger by checking for this variable.

       RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC
               If this variable is set to FALSE, ranger will not load the default rc.conf.  This can save time
               if you copied the whole rc.conf to ~/.config/ranger/ and don't need the default one at all.

       EDITOR  Defines the editor to be used for the "E" key.  Defaults to "nano".

       SHELL   Defines the shell that ranger is going to use with the :shell command and the "S" key.  Defaults
               to "/bin/sh".

       TERMCMD Defines the terminal emulator command that ranger is going to use with the :terminal command and
               the "t" run flag.  Defaults to "xterm".

       XDG_CONFIG_HOME
               Specifies the directory for configuration files. Defaults to $HOME/.config.

       PYTHONOPTIMIZE
               This variable determines the optimize level of python.

               Using PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1 (like python -O) will make python discard assertion statements.  You will
               gain efficiency at the cost of losing some debug info.

               Using PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2 (like python -OO) will additionally discard any docstrings.  Using this
               will disable the <F1> key on commands.

       W3MIMGDISPLAY_PATH
               By changing this variable, you can change the path of the executable file for image previews.  By
               default, it is set to /usr/lib/w3m/w3mimgdisplay.

EXAMPLES

       There are various examples on how to extend ranger with plugins or combine ranger with other programs.
       These can be found in the /usr/share/doc/ranger/examples/ directory, or the doc/ranger/ that is provided
       along with the source code.

LICENSE

       GNU General Public License 3 or (at your option) any later version.

       Download: <http://ranger.nongnu.org/ranger-stable.tar.gz>
       The project page: <http://ranger.nongnu.org/>
       The mailing list: <http://savannah.nongnu.org/mail/?group=ranger>
       IRC channel: #ranger on freenode.net

       ranger is maintained with the git version control system.  To fetch a fresh copy, run:

        git clone git://git.savannah.nongnu.org/ranger.git

SEE ALSO

       rifle(1)

BUGS

       Report bugs here: <https://github.com/hut/ranger/issues>

       Please include as much relevant information as possible.  For the most diagnostic output, run ranger like
       this: "PYTHONOPTIMIZE= ranger --debug"