Ubuntu Manpage: virsh - management user interface

Provided by: libvirt-bin_1.3.1-1ubuntu10.31_amd64

NAME

       virsh - management user interface

SYNOPSIS

       virsh [OPTION]... [COMMAND_STRING]

       virsh [OPTION]... COMMAND [ARG]...

DESCRIPTION

The virsh program is the main interface for managing virsh guest domains. The program can be used to
create, pause, and shutdown domains. It can also be used to list current domains. Libvirt is a C toolkit
to interact with the virtualization capabilities of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). It is free
software available under the GNU Lesser General Public License. Virtualization of the Linux Operating
System means the ability to run multiple instances of Operating Systems concurrently on a single hardware
system where the basic resources are driven by a Linux instance. The library aims at providing a long
term stable C API. It currently supports Xen, QEMU, KVM, LXC, OpenVZ, VirtualBox and VMware ESX.

The basic structure of most virsh usage is:

virsh [OPTION]... <command> <domain> [ARG]...

Where command is one of the commands listed below; domain is the numeric domain id, or the domain name,
or the domain UUID; and ARGS are command specific options. There are a few exceptions to this rule in
the cases where the command in question acts on all domains, the entire machine, or directly on the xen
hypervisor. Those exceptions will be clear for each of those commands. Note: it is permissible to give
numeric names to domains, however, doing so will result in a domain that can only be identified by domain
id. In other words, if a numeric value is supplied it will be interpreted as a domain id, not as a name.

The virsh program can be used either to run one COMMAND by giving the command and its arguments on the
shell command line, or a COMMAND_STRING which is a single shell argument consisting of multiple COMMAND
actions and their arguments joined with whitespace, and separated by semicolons between commands. Within
COMMAND_STRING, virsh understands the same single, double, and backslash escapes as the shell, although
you must add another layer of shell escaping in creating the single shell argument. If no command is
given in the command line, virsh will then start a minimal interpreter waiting for your commands, and the
quit command will then exit the program.

The virsh program understands the following OPTIONS.

-c, --connect URI
Connect to the specified URI, as if by the connect command, instead of the default connection.

-d, --debug LEVEL
Enable debug messages at integer LEVEL and above. LEVEL can range from 0 to 4 (default). See the
documentation of VIRSH_DEBUG environment variable below for the description of each LEVEL.

-e, --escape string
Set alternative escape sequence for console command. By default, telnet's ^] is used. Allowed
characters when using hat notation are: alphabetic character, @, [, ], \, ^, _.

-h, --help
Ignore all other arguments, and behave as if the help command were given instead.

-k, --keepalive-interval INTERVAL
Set an INTERVAL (in seconds) for sending keepalive messages to check whether connection to the server
is still alive. Setting the interval to 0 disables client keepalive mechanism.

-K, --keepalive-count COUNT
Set a number of times keepalive message can be sent without getting an answer from the server without
marking the connection dead. There is no effect to this setting in case the INTERVAL is set to 0.

-l, --log FILE
Output logging details to FILE.

-q, --quiet
Avoid extra informational messages.

-r, --readonly
Make the initial connection read-only, as if by the --readonly option of the connect command.

-t, --timing
Output elapsed time information for each command.

-v, --version[=short]
Ignore all other arguments, and prints the version of the libvirt library virsh is coming from

-V, --version=long
Ignore all other arguments, and prints the version of the libvirt library virsh is coming from and
which options and driver are compiled in.

NOTES

       Most virsh operations rely upon the libvirt library being able to connect to an already running  libvirtd
       service.  This can usually be done using the command invoke-rc.d libvirtd start.

       Most virsh commands require root privileges to run due to the communications channels used to talk to the
       hypervisor.  Running as non root will return an error.

       Most  virsh  commands  act  synchronously, except maybe shutdown, setvcpus and setmem. In those cases the
       fact that the virsh program returned, may not mean the action is complete and you must poll  periodically
       to detect that the guest completed the operation.

       virsh  strives for backward compatibility.  Although the help command only lists the preferred usage of a
       command, if an older version of virsh supported an alternate spelling of a command  or  option  (such  as
       --tunnelled instead of --tunneled), then scripts using that older spelling will continue to work.

       Several  virsh  commands  take an optionally scaled integer; if no scale is provided, then the default is
       listed in the command (for historical reasons, some commands  default  to  bytes,  while  other  commands
       default to kibibytes).  The following case-insensitive suffixes can be used to select a specific scale:
         b, byte  byte      1
         KB       kilobyte  1,000
         k, KiB   kibibyte  1,024
         MB       megabyte  1,000,000
         M, MiB   mebibyte  1,048,576
         GB       gigabyte  1,000,000,000
         G, GiB   gibibyte  1,073,741,824
         TB       terabyte  1,000,000,000,000
         T, TiB   tebibyte  1,099,511,627,776
         PB       petabyte  1,000,000,000,000,000
         P, PiB   pebibyte  1,125,899,906,842,624
         EB       exabyte   1,000,000,000,000,000,000
         E, EiB   exbibyte  1,152,921,504,606,846,976

GENERIC COMMANDS

The following commands are generic i.e. not specific to a domain.

help [command-or-group]
This lists each of the virsh commands. When used without options, all commands are listed, one per
line, grouped into related categories, displaying the keyword for each group.

To display only commands for a specific group, give the keyword for that group as an option. For
example:

virsh # help host

Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host'):
capabilities capabilities
cpu-models show the CPU models for an architecture
connect (re)connect to hypervisor
freecell NUMA free memory
hostname print the hypervisor hostname
qemu-attach Attach to existing QEMU process
qemu-monitor-command QEMU Monitor Command
qemu-agent-command QEMU Guest Agent Command
sysinfo print the hypervisor sysinfo
uri print the hypervisor canonical URI

To display detailed information for a specific command, give its name as the option instead. For
example:

virsh # help list
NAME
list - list domains

SYNOPSIS
list [--inactive] [--all]

DESCRIPTION
Returns list of domains.

OPTIONS
--inactive list inactive domains
--all list inactive & active domains

quit, exit
quit this interactive terminal

version [--daemon]
Will print out the major version info about what this built from. If --daemon is specified then the
version of the libvirt daemon is included in the output.

Example

$ virsh version
Compiled against library: libvirt 1.2.3
Using library: libvirt 1.2.3
Using API: QEMU 1.2.3
Running hypervisor: QEMU 2.0.50

$ virsh version --daemon
Compiled against library: libvirt 1.2.3
Using library: libvirt 1.2.3
Using API: QEMU 1.2.3
Running hypervisor: QEMU 2.0.50
Running against daemon: 1.2.6

cd [directory]
Will change current directory to directory. The default directory for the cd command is the home
directory or, if there is no HOME variable in the environment, the root directory.

This command is only available in interactive mode.

pwd Will print the current directory.

connect [URI] [--readonly]
(Re)-Connect to the hypervisor. When the shell is first started, this is automatically run with the
URI parameter requested by the "-c" option on the command line. The URI parameter specifies how to
connect to the hypervisor. The documentation page at <http://libvirt.org/uri.html> list the values
supported, but the most common are:

xen:///
this is used to connect to the local Xen hypervisor

qemu:///system
connect locally as root to the daemon supervising QEMU and KVM domains

qemu:///session
connect locally as a normal user to his own set of QEMU and KVM domains

lxc:///
connect to a local linux container

To find the currently used URI, check the uri command documented below.

For remote access see the documentation page at <http://libvirt.org/uri.html> on how to make URIs.
The --readonly option allows for read-only connection

uri Prints the hypervisor canonical URI, can be useful in shell mode.

hostname
Print the hypervisor hostname.

sysinfo
Print the XML representation of the hypervisor sysinfo, if available.

nodeinfo
Returns basic information about the node, like number and type of CPU, and size of the physical
memory. The output corresponds to virNodeInfo structure. Specifically, the "CPU socket(s)" field
means number of CPU sockets per NUMA cell. The information libvirt displays is dependent upon what
each architecture may provide.

nodecpumap [--pretty]
Displays the node's total number of CPUs, the number of online CPUs and the list of online CPUs.

With --pretty the online CPUs are printed as a range instead of a list.

nodecpustats [cpu] [--percent]
Returns cpu stats of the node. If cpu is specified, this will prints specified cpu statistics only.
If --percent is specified, this will prints percentage of each kind of cpu statistics during 1
second.

nodememstats [cell]
Returns memory stats of the node. If cell is specified, this will prints specified cell statistics
only.

nodesuspend [target] [duration]
Puts the node (host machine) into a system-wide sleep state and schedule the node's Real-Time-Clock
interrupt to resume the node after the time duration specified by duration is out. target specifies
the state to which the host will be suspended to, it can be "mem" (suspend to RAM), "disk" (suspend
to disk), or "hybrid" (suspend to both RAM and disk). duration specifies the time duration in
seconds for which the host has to be suspended, it should be at least 60 seconds.

node-memory-tune [shm-pages-to-scan] [shm-sleep-millisecs] [shm-merge-across-nodes]
Allows you to display or set the node memory parameters. shm-pages-to-scan can be used to set the
number of pages to scan before the shared memory service goes to sleep; shm-sleep-millisecs can be
used to set the number of millisecs the shared memory service should sleep before next scan; shm-
merge-across-nodes specifies if pages from different numa nodes can be merged. When set to 0, only
pages which physically reside in the memory area of same NUMA node can be merged. When set to 1,
pages from all nodes can be merged. Default to 1.

Note: Currently the "shared memory service" only means KSM (Kernel Samepage Merging).

capabilities
Print an XML document describing the capabilities of the hypervisor we are currently connected to.
This includes a section on the host capabilities in terms of CPU and features, and a set of
description for each kind of guest which can be virtualized. For a more complete description see:
<http://libvirt.org/formatcaps.html> The XML also show the NUMA topology information if available.

domcapabilities [virttype] [emulatorbin] [arch] [machine]
Print an XML document describing the domain capabilities for the hypervisor we are connected to using
information either sourced from an existing domain or taken from the virsh capabilities output. This
may be useful if you intend to create a new domain and are curious if for instance it could make use
of VFIO by creating a domain for the hypervisor with a specific emulator and architecture.

Each hypervisor will have different requirements regarding which options are required and which are
optional. A hypervisor can support providing a default value for any of the options.

The virttype option specifies the virtualization type used. The value to be used is either from the
'type' attribute of the <domain/> top level element from the domain XML or the 'type' attribute found
within each <guest/> element from the virsh capabilities output. The emulatorbin option specifies
the path to the emulator. The value to be used is either the <emulator> element in the domain XML or
the virsh capabilities output. The arch option specifies the architecture to be used for the domain.
The value to be used is either the "arch" attribute from the domain's XML <os/> element and <type/>
subelement or the "name" attribute of an <arch/> element from the virsh capabililites output. The
machine specifies the machine type for the emulator. The value to be used is either the "machine"
attribute from the domain's XML <os/> element and <type/> subelement or one from a list of machines
from the virsh capabilities output for a specific architecture and domain type.

For the qemu hypervisor, a virttype of either 'qemu' or 'kvm' must be supplied along with either the
emulatorbin or arch in order to generate output for the default machine. Supplying a machine value
will generate output for the specific machine.

inject-nmi domain
Inject NMI to the guest.

list [--inactive | --all] [--managed-save] [--title] { [--table] | --name | --uuid } [--persistent]
[--transient] [--with-managed-save] [--without-managed-save] [--autostart] [--no-autostart]
[--with-snapshot] [--without-snapshot] [--state-running] [--state-paused] [--state-shutoff]
[--state-other]
Prints information about existing domains. If no options are specified it prints out information
about running domains.

An example format for the list is as follows:

virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
0 Domain-0 running
2 fedora paused

Name is the name of the domain. ID the domain numeric id. State is the run state (see below).

STATES

The State field lists 8 states for a domain, and which ones the current domain is in.

running
The domain is currently running on a CPU

idle
The domain is idle, and not running or runnable. This can be caused because the domain is
waiting on IO (a traditional wait state) or has gone to sleep because there was nothing else for
it to do.

paused
The domain has been paused, usually occurring through the administrator running virsh suspend.
When in a paused state the domain will still consume allocated resources like memory, but will
not be eligible for scheduling by the hypervisor.

shutdown
The domain is in the process of shutting down, i.e. the guest operating system has been notified
and should be in the process of stopping its operations gracefully.

shut off
The domain is not running. Usually this indicates the domain has been shut down completely, or
has not been started.

crashed
The domain has crashed, which is always a violent ending. Usually this state can only occur if
the domain has been configured not to restart on crash.

dying
The domain is in process of dying, but hasn't completely shutdown or crashed.

pmsuspended
The domain has been suspended by guest power management, e.g. entered into s3 state.

Normally only active domains are listed. To list inactive domains specify --inactive or --all to list
both active and inactive domains.

To further filter the list of domains you may specify one or more of filtering flags supported by the
list command. These flags are grouped by function. Specifying one or more flags from a group enables
the filter group. Note that some combinations of flags may yield no results. Supported filtering
flags and groups:

Persistence
Flag --persistent is used to include persistent domains in the returned list. To include
transient domains specify --transient.

Existence of managed save image
To list domains having a managed save image specify flag --with-managed-save. For domains that
don't have a managed save image specify --without-managed-save.

Domain state
The following filter flags select a domain by its state: --state-running for running domains,
--state-paused for paused domains, --state-shutoff for turned off domains and --state-other for
all other states as a fallback.

Autostarting domains
To list autostarting domains use the flag --autostart. To list domains with this feature disabled
use --no-autostart.

Snapshot existence
Domains that have snapshot images can be listed using flag --with-snapshot, domains without a
snapshot --without-snapshot.

When talking to older servers, this command is forced to use a series of API calls with an inherent
race, where a domain might not be listed or might appear more than once if it changed state between
calls while the list was being collected. Newer servers do not have this problem.

If --managed-save is specified, then domains that have managed save state (only possible if they are
in the shut off state, so you need to specify --inactive or --all to actually list them) will instead
show as saved in the listing. This flag is usable only with the default --table output. Note that
this flag does not filter the list of domains.

If --name is specified, domain names are printed instead of the table formatted one per line. If
--uuid is specified domain's UUID's are printed instead of names. Flag --table specifies that the
legacy table-formatted output should be used. This is the default. All of these are mutually
exclusive.

If --title is specified, then the short domain description (title) is printed in an extra column.
This flag is usable only with the default --table output.

Example:

virsh list --title
Id Name State Title
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 Domain-0 running Mailserver 1
2 fedora paused

freecell [{ [--cellno] cellno | --all }]
Prints the available amount of memory on the machine or within a NUMA cell. The freecell command can
provide one of three different displays of available memory on the machine depending on the options
specified. With no options, it displays the total free memory on the machine. With the --all
option, it displays the free memory in each cell and the total free memory on the machine. Finally,
with a numeric argument or with --cellno plus a cell number it will display the free memory for the
specified cell only.

freepages [{ [--cellno] cellno [--pagesize] pagesize | --all }]
Prints the available amount of pages within a NUMA cell. cellno refers to the NUMA cell you're
interested in. pagesize is a scaled integer (see NOTES above). Alternatively, if --all is used, info
on each possible combination of NUMA cell and page size is printed out.

allocpages [--pagesize] pagesize [--pagecount] pagecount [[--cellno] cellno] [--add] [--all]
Change the size of pages pool of pagesize on the host. If --add is specified, then pagecount pages
are added into the pool. However, if --add wasn't specified, then the pagecount is taken as the new
absolute size of the pool (this may be used to free some pages and size the pool down). The cellno
modifier can be used to narrow the modification down to a single host NUMA cell. On the other end of
spectrum lies --all which executes the modification on all NUMA cells.

cpu-baseline FILE [--features] [--migratable]
Compute baseline CPU which will be supported by all host CPUs given in <file>. The list of host CPUs
is built by extracting all <cpu> elements from the <file>. Thus, the <file> can contain either a set
of <cpu> elements separated by new lines or even a set of complete <capabilities> elements printed by
capabilities command. If --features is specified then the resulting XML description will explicitly
include all features that make up the CPU, without this option features that are part of the CPU
model will not be listed in the XML description. If --migratable is specified, features that block
migration will not be included in the resulting CPU.

cpu-compare FILE [--error]
Compare CPU definition from XML <file> with host CPU. The XML <file> may contain either host or guest
CPU definition. The host CPU definition is the <cpu> element and its contents as printed by
capabilities command. The guest CPU definition is the <cpu> element and its contents from domain XML
definition. For more information on guest CPU definition see:
<http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html#elementsCPU>. If --error is specified, the command will return
an error when the given CPU is incompatible with host CPU and a message providing more details about
the incompatibility will be printed out.

cpu-models arch
Print the list of CPU models known for the specified architecture.

echo [--shell] [--xml] [arg...]
Echo back each arg, separated by space. If --shell is specified, then the output will be single-
quoted where needed, so that it is suitable for reuse in a shell context. If --xml is specified,
then the output will be escaped for use in XML.

DOMAIN COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate domains directly, as stated previously most commands take domain as the
first parameter. The domain can be specified as a short integer, a name or a full UUID.

autostart [--disable] domain
Configure a domain to be automatically started at boot.

The option --disable disables autostarting.

console domain [devname] [--safe] [--force]
Connect the virtual serial console for the guest. The optional devname parameter refers to the device
alias of an alternate console, serial or parallel device configured for the guest. If omitted, the
primary console will be opened.

If the flag --safe is specified, the connection is only attempted if the driver supports safe console
handling. This flag specifies that the server has to ensure exclusive access to console devices.
Optionally the --force flag may be specified, requesting to disconnect any existing sessions, such as
in a case of a broken connection.

create FILE [--console] [--paused] [--autodestroy] [--pass-fds N,M,...]
Create a domain from an XML <file>. An easy way to create the XML <file> is to use the dumpxml
command to obtain the definition of a pre-existing guest. The domain will be paused if the --paused
option is used and supported by the driver; otherwise it will be running. If --console is requested,
attach to the console after creation. If --autodestroy is requested, then the guest will be
automatically destroyed when virsh closes its connection to libvirt, or otherwise exits.

If --pass-fds is specified, the argument is a comma separated list of open file descriptors which
should be pass on into the guest. The file descriptors will be re-numbered in the guest, starting
from 3. This is only supported with container based virtualization.

Example

virsh dumpxml <domain> > domain.xml
vi domain.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh create domain.xml

define FILE
Define a domain from an XML <file>. The domain definition is registered but not started. If domain
is already running, the changes will take effect on the next boot.

desc domain [[--live] [--config] | [--current]] [--title] [--edit] [--new-desc New description or title
message]
Show or modify description and title of a domain. These values are user fields that allow to store
arbitrary textual data to allow easy identification of domains. Title should be short, although it's
not enforced. (See also metadata that works with XML based domain metadata.)

Flags --live or --config select whether this command works on live or persistent definitions of the
domain. If both --live and --config are specified, the --config option takes precedence on getting
the current description and both live configuration and config are updated while setting the
description. --current is exclusive and implied if none of these was specified.

Flag --edit specifies that an editor with the contents of current description or title should be
opened and the contents saved back afterwards.

Flag --title selects operation on the title field instead of description.

If neither of --edit and --new-desc are specified the note or description is displayed instead of
being modified.

destroy domain [--graceful]
Immediately terminate the domain domain. This doesn't give the domain OS any chance to react, and
it's the equivalent of ripping the power cord out on a physical machine. In most cases you will want
to use the shutdown command instead. However, this does not delete any storage volumes used by the
guest, and if the domain is persistent, it can be restarted later.

If domain is transient, then the metadata of any snapshots will be lost once the guest stops running,
but the snapshot contents still exist, and a new domain with the same name and UUID can restore the
snapshot metadata with snapshot-create.

If --graceful is specified, don't resort to extreme measures (e.g. SIGKILL) when the guest doesn't
stop after a reasonable timeout; return an error instead.

domblkstat domain [block-device] [--human]
Get device block stats for a running domain. A block-device corresponds to a unique target name
(<target dev='name'/>) or source file (<source file='name'/>) for one of the disk devices attached to
domain (see also domblklist for listing these names). On a lxc or qemu domain, omitting the block-
device yields device block stats summarily for the entire domain.

Use --human for a more human readable output.

Availability of these fields depends on hypervisor. Unsupported fields are missing from the output.
Other fields may appear if communicating with a newer version of libvirtd.

Explanation of fields (fields appear in the following order):
rd_req - count of read operations
rd_bytes - count of read bytes
wr_req - count of write operations
wr_bytes - count of written bytes
errs - error count
flush_operations - count of flush operations
rd_total_times - total time read operations took (ns)
wr_total_times - total time write operations took (ns)
flush_total_times - total time flush operations took (ns)
<-- other fields provided by hypervisor -->

domifaddr domain [interface] [--full] [--source lease|agent]
Get a list of interfaces of a running domain along with their IP and MAC addresses, or limited output
just for one interface if interface is specified. Note that interface can be driver dependent, it can
be the name within guest OS or the name you would see in domain XML. Moreover, the whole command may
require a guest agent to be configured for the queried domain under some drivers, notably qemu. If
--full is specified, the interface name is always displayed when the interface has multiple addresses
or alias, otherwise it only displays the interface name for the first address, and "-" for the
others. The --source argument specifies what data source to use for the addresses, currently one of
'lease' to read DHCP leases, or 'agent' to query the guest OS via an agent. If unspecified, 'lease'
is the default.

domifstat domain interface-device
Get network interface stats for a running domain.

domif-setlink domain interface-device state [--config]
Modify link state of the domain's virtual interface. Possible values for state are "up" and "down".
If --config is specified, only the persistent configuration of the domain is modified, for
compatibility purposes, --persistent is alias of --config. interface-device can be the interface's
target name or the MAC address.

domif-getlink domain interface-device [--config]
Query link state of the domain's virtual interface. If --config is specified, query the persistent
configuration, for compatibility purposes, --persistent is alias of --config.

interface-device can be the interface's target name or the MAC address.

domiftune domain interface-device [[--config] [--live] | [--current]] [--inbound
average,peak,burst,floor] [--outbound average,peak,burst]
Set or query the domain's network interface's bandwidth parameters. interface-device can be the
interface's target name (<target dev='name'/>), or the MAC address.

If no --inbound or --outbound is specified, this command will query and show the bandwidth settings.
Otherwise, it will set the inbound or outbound bandwidth. average,peak,burst,floor is the same as in
command attach-interface. Values for average, peak and floor are expressed in kilobytes per second,
while burst is expressed in kilobytes in a single burst at peak speed as described in the Network XML
documentation at <http://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html#elementQoS>.

To clear inbound or outbound settings, use --inbound or --outbound respectfully with average value of
zero.

If --live is specified, affect a running guest. If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a
persistent guest. If --current is specified, affect the current guest state. Both --live and
--config flags may be given, but --current is exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is
different depending on hypervisor.

dommemstat domain [--period seconds] [[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Get memory stats for a running domain.

Depending on the hypervisor a variety of statistics can be returned

For QEMU/KVM with a memory balloon, setting the optional --period to a value larger than 0 in seconds
will allow the balloon driver to return additional statistics which will be displayed by subsequent
dommemstat commands. Setting the --period to 0 will stop the balloon driver collection, but does not
clear the statistics in the balloon driver. Requires at least QEMU/KVM 1.5 to be running on the host.

The --live, --config, and --current flags are only valid when using the --period option in order to
set the collection period for the balloon driver. If --live is specified, only the running guest
collection period is affected. If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest.
If --current is specified, affect the current guest state.

Both --live and --config flags may be given, but --current is exclusive. If no flag is specified,
behavior is different depending on the guest state.

domblkerror domain
Show errors on block devices. This command usually comes handy when domstate command says that a
domain was paused due to I/O error. The domblkerror command lists all block devices in error state
and the error seen on each of them.

domblkinfo domain block-device
Get block device size info for a domain. A block-device corresponds to a unique target name (<target
dev='name'/>) or source file (<source file='name'/>) for one of the disk devices attached to domain
(see also domblklist for listing these names).

domblklist domain [--inactive] [--details]
Print a table showing the brief information of all block devices associated with domain. If
--inactive is specified, query the block devices that will be used on the next boot, rather than
those currently in use by a running domain. If --details is specified, disk type and device value
will also be printed. Other contexts that require a block device name (such as domblkinfo or
snapshot-create for disk snapshots) will accept either target or unique source names printed by this
command.

domstats [--raw] [--enforce] [--backing] [--state] [--cpu-total] [--balloon] [--vcpu] [--interface]
[--block] [[--list-active] [--list-inactive] [--list-persistent] [--list-transient] [--list-running]
[--list-paused] [--list-shutoff] [--list-other]] | [domain ...]
Get statistics for multiple or all domains. Without any argument this command prints all available
statistics for all domains.

The list of domains to gather stats for can be either limited by listing the domains as a space
separated list, or by specifying one of the filtering flags --list-*. (The approaches can't be
combined.)

By default some of the returned fields may be converted to more human friendly values by a set of
pretty-printers. To suppress this behavior use the --raw flag.

The individual statistics groups are selectable via specific flags. By default all supported
statistics groups are returned. Supported statistics groups flags are: --state, --cpu-total,
--balloon, --vcpu, --interface, --block.

When selecting the --state group the following fields are returned: "state.state" - state of the VM,
returned as number from virDomainState enum, "state.reason" - reason for entering given state,
returned as int from virDomain*Reason enum corresponding to given state.

--cpu-total returns: "cpu.time" - total cpu time spent for this domain in nanoseconds, "cpu.user" -
user cpu time spent in nanoseconds, "cpu.system" - system cpu time spent in nanoseconds

--balloon returns: "balloon.current" - the memory in kiB currently used, "balloon.maximum" - the
maximum memory in kiB allowed

--vcpu returns: "vcpu.current" - current number of online virtual CPUs, "vcpu.maximum" - maximum
number of online virtual CPUs, "vcpu.<num>.state" - state of the virtual CPU <num>, as number from
virVcpuState enum, "vcpu.<num>.time" - virtual cpu time spent by virtual CPU <num>

--interface returns: "net.count" - number of network interfaces on this domain, "net.<num>.name" -
name of the interface <num>, "net.<num>.rx.bytes" - number of bytes received, "net.<num>.rx.pkts" -
number of packets received, "net.<num>.rx.errs" - number of receive errors, "net.<num>.rx.drop" -
number of receive packets dropped, "net.<num>.tx.bytes" - number of bytes transmitted,
"net.<num>.tx.pkts" - number of packets transmitted, "net.<num>.tx.errs" - number of transmission
errors, "net.<num>.tx.drop" - number of transmit packets dropped

--block returns information about disks associated with each domain. Using the --backing flag
extends this information to cover all resources in the backing chain, rather than the default of
limiting information to the active layer for each guest disk. Information listed includes:
"block.count" - number of block devices being listed, "block.<num>.name" - name of the target of the
block device <num> (the same name for multiple entries if --backing is present),
"block.<num>.backingIndex" - when --backing is present, matches up with the <backingStore> index
listed in domain XML for backing files, "block.<num>.path" - file source of block device <num>, if it
is a local file or block device, "block.<num>.rd.reqs" - number of read requests,
"block.<num>.rd.bytes" - number of read bytes, "block.<num>.rd.times" - total time (ns) spent on
reads, "block.<num>.wr.reqs" - number of write requests, "block.<num>.wr.bytes" - number of written
bytes, "block.<num>.wr.times" - total time (ns) spent on writes, "block.<num>.fl.reqs" - total flush
requests, "block.<num>.fl.times" - total time (ns) spent on cache flushing, "block.<num>.errors" -
Xen only: the 'oo_req' value, "block.<num>.allocation" - offset of highest written sector in bytes,
"block.<num>.capacity" - logical size of source file in bytes, "block.<num>.physical" - physical size
of source file in bytes

Selecting a specific statistics groups doesn't guarantee that the daemon supports the selected group
of stats. Flag --enforce forces the command to fail if the daemon doesn't support the selected group.

domiflist domain [--inactive]
Print a table showing the brief information of all virtual interfaces associated with domain. If
--inactive is specified, query the virtual interfaces that will be used on the next boot, rather than
those currently in use by a running domain. Other contexts that require a MAC address of virtual
interface (such as detach-interface or domif-setlink) will accept the MAC address printed by this
command.

blockcommit domain path [bandwidth] [base] [--shallow] [top] [--delete] [--keep-relative] [--wait
[--async] [--verbose]] [--timeout seconds] [--active] [{--pivot | --keep-overlay}]
Reduce the length of a backing image chain, by committing changes at the top of the chain (snapshot
or delta files) into backing images. By default, this command attempts to flatten the entire chain.
If base and/or top are specified as files within the backing chain, then the operation is constrained
to committing just that portion of the chain; --shallow can be used instead of base to specify the
immediate backing file of the resulting top image to be committed. The files being committed are
rendered invalid, possibly as soon as the operation starts; using the --delete flag will attempt to
remove these invalidated files at the successful completion of the commit operation. When the
--keep-relative flag is used, the backing file paths will be kept relative.

When top is omitted or specified as the active image, it is also possible to specify --active to
trigger a two-phase active commit. In the first phase, top is copied into base and the job can only
be canceled, with top still containing data not yet in base. In the second phase, top and base remain
identical until a call to blockjob with the --abort flag (keeping top as the active image that tracks
changes from that point in time) or the --pivot flag (making base the new active image and
invalidating top).

By default, this command returns as soon as possible, and data for the entire disk is committed in
the background; the progress of the operation can be checked with blockjob. However, if --wait is
specified, then this command will block until the operation completes (or for --active, enters the
second phase), or until the operation is canceled because the optional timeout in seconds elapses or
SIGINT is sent (usually with "Ctrl-C"). Using --verbose along with --wait will produce periodic
status updates. If job cancellation is triggered, --async will return control to the user as fast as
possible, otherwise the command may continue to block a little while longer until the job is done
cleaning up. Using --pivot is shorthand for combining --active --wait with an automatic blockjob
--pivot; and using --keep-overlay is shorthand for combining --active --wait with an automatic
blockjob --abort.

path specifies fully-qualified path of the disk; it corresponds to a unique target name (<target
dev='name'/>) or source file (<source file='name'/>) for one of the disk devices attached to domain
(see also domblklist for listing these names). bandwidth specifies copying bandwidth limit in MiB/s,
although for qemu, it may be non-zero only for an online domain. Specifying a negative value is
interpreted as an unsigned long long value or essentially unlimited. The hypervisor can choose
whether to reject the value or convert it to the maximum value allowed.

blockcopy domain path { dest [format] [--blockdev] | --xml file } [--shallow] [--reuse-external]
[bandwidth] [--wait [--async] [--verbose]] [{--pivot | --finish}] [--timeout seconds] [granularity] [buf-
size]
Copy a disk backing image chain to a destination. Either dest as the destination file name, or --xml
with the name of an XML file containing a top-level <disk> element describing the destination, must
be present. Additionally, if dest is given, format should be specified to declare the format of the
destination (if format is omitted, then libvirt will reuse the format of the source, or with
--reuse-external will be forced to probe the destination format, which could be a potential security
hole). The command supports --raw as a boolean flag synonym for --format=raw. When using dest, the
destination is treated as a regular file unless --blockdev is used to signal that it is a block
device. By default, this command flattens the entire chain; but if --shallow is specified, the copy
shares the backing chain.

If --reuse-external is specified, then the destination must exist and have sufficient space to hold
the copy. If --shallow is used in conjunction with --reuse-external then the pre-created image must
have guest visible contents identical to guest visible contents of the backing file of the original
image. This may be used to modify the backing file names on the destination.

By default, the copy job runs in the background, and consists of two phases. Initially, the job must
copy all data from the source, and during this phase, the job can only be canceled to revert back to
the source disk, with no guarantees about the destination. After this phase completes, both the
source and the destination remain mirrored until a call to blockjob with the --abort and --pivot
flags pivots over to the copy, or a call without --pivot leaves the destination as a faithful copy of
that point in time. However, if --wait is specified, then this command will block until the
mirroring phase begins, or cancel the operation if the optional timeout in seconds elapses or SIGINT
is sent (usually with "Ctrl-C"). Using --verbose along with --wait will produce periodic status
updates. Using --pivot (similar to blockjob --pivot) or --finish (similar to blockjob --abort)
implies --wait, and will additionally end the job cleanly rather than leaving things in the mirroring
phase. If job cancellation is triggered by timeout or by --finish, --async will return control to
the user as fast as possible, otherwise the command may continue to block a little while longer until
the job has actually cancelled.

path specifies fully-qualified path of the disk. bandwidth specifies copying bandwidth limit in
MiB/s. Specifying a negative value is interpreted as an unsigned long long value that might be
essentially unlimited, but more likely would overflow; it is safer to use 0 for that purpose.
Specifying granularity allows fine-tuning of the granularity that will be copied when a dirty region
is detected; larger values trigger less I/O overhead but may end up copying more data overall (the
default value is usually correct); hypervisors may restrict this to be a power of two or fall within
a certain range. Specifying buf-size will control how much data can be simultaneously in-flight
during the copy; larger values use more memory but may allow faster completion (the default value is
usually correct).

blockpull domain path [bandwidth] [base] [--wait [--verbose] [--timeout seconds] [--async]]
[--keep-relative]
Populate a disk from its backing image chain. By default, this command flattens the entire chain; but
if base is specified, containing the name of one of the backing files in the chain, then that file
becomes the new backing file and only the intermediate portion of the chain is pulled. Once all
requested data from the backing image chain has been pulled, the disk no longer depends on that
portion of the backing chain.

By default, this command returns as soon as possible, and data for the entire disk is pulled in the
background; the progress of the operation can be checked with blockjob. However, if --wait is
specified, then this command will block until the operation completes, or cancel the operation if the
optional timeout in seconds elapses or SIGINT is sent (usually with "Ctrl-C"). Using --verbose along
with --wait will produce periodic status updates. If job cancellation is triggered, --async will
return control to the user as fast as possible, otherwise the command may continue to block a little
while longer until the job is done cleaning up.

Using the --keep-relative flag will keep the backing chain names relative.

path specifies fully-qualified path of the disk; it corresponds to a unique target name (<target
dev='name'/>) or source file (<source file='name'/>) for one of the disk devices attached to domain
(see also domblklist for listing these names). bandwidth specifies copying bandwidth limit in MiB/s.
Specifying a negative value is interpreted as an unsigned long long value or essentially unlimited.
The hypervisor can choose whether to reject the value or convert it to the maximum value allowed.

blkdeviotune domain device [[--config] [--live] | [--current]] [[total-bytes-sec] | [read-bytes-sec]
[write-bytes-sec]] [[total-iops-sec] | [read-iops-sec] [write-iops-sec]] [[total-bytes-sec-max] | [read-
bytes-sec-max] [write-bytes-sec-max]] [[total-iops-sec-max] | [read-iops-sec-max] [write-iops-sec-max]]
[size-iops-sec]
Set or query the block disk io parameters for a block device of domain. device specifies a unique
target name (<target dev='name'/>) or source file (<source file='name'/>) for one of the disk devices
attached to domain (see also domblklist for listing these names).

If no limit is specified, it will query current I/O limits setting. Otherwise, alter the limits with
these flags: --total-bytes-sec specifies total throughput limit in bytes per second.
--read-bytes-sec specifies read throughput limit in bytes per second. --write-bytes-sec specifies
write throughput limit in bytes per second. --total-iops-sec specifies total I/O operations limit
per second. --read-iops-sec specifies read I/O operations limit per second. --write-iops-sec
specifies write I/O operations limit per second. --total-bytes-sec-max specifies maximum total
throughput limit in bytes per second. --read-bytes-sec-max specifies maximum read throughput limit
in bytes per second. --write-bytes-sec-max specifies maximum write throughput limit in bytes per
second. --total-iops-sec-max specifies maximum total I/O operations limit per second.
--read-iops-sec-max specifies maximum read I/O operations limit per second. --write-iops-sec-max
specifies maximum write I/O operations limit per second. --size-iops-sec specifies size I/O
operations limit per second.

Older versions of virsh only accepted these options with underscore instead of dash, as in
--total_bytes_sec.

Bytes and iops values are independent, but setting only one value (such as --read-bytes-sec) resets
the other two in that category to unlimited. An explicit 0 also clears any limit. A non-zero value
for a given total cannot be mixed with non-zero values for read or write.

If --live is specified, affect a running guest. If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a
persistent guest. If --current is specified, affect the current guest state. When setting the disk
io parameters both --live and --config flags may be given, but --current is exclusive. For querying
only one of --live, --config or --current can be specified. If no flag is specified, behavior is
different depending on hypervisor.

blockjob domain path { [--abort] [--async] [--pivot] | [--info] [--raw] [--bytes] | [bandwidth] }
Manage active block operations. There are three mutually-exclusive modes: --info, bandwidth, and
--abort. --async and --pivot imply abort mode; --raw implies info mode; and if no mode was given,
--info mode is assumed.

In --abort mode, the active job on the specified disk will be aborted. If --async is also specified,
this command will return immediately, rather than waiting for the cancellation to complete. If
--pivot is specified, this requests that an active copy or active commit job be pivoted over to the
new image.

In --info mode, the active job information on the specified disk will be printed. By default, the
output is a single human-readable summary line; this format may change in future versions. Adding
--raw lists each field of the struct, in a stable format. If the --bytes flag is set, then the
command errors out if the server could not supply bytes/s resolution; when omitting the flag, raw
output is listed in MiB/s and human-readable output automatically selects the best resolution
supported by the server.

bandwidth can be used to set bandwidth limit for the active job. Specifying a negative value is
interpreted as an unsigned long long value or essentially unlimited. The hypervisor can choose
whether to reject the value or convert it to the maximum value allowed.

blockresize domain path size
Resize a block device of domain while the domain is running, path specifies the absolute path of the
block device; it corresponds to a unique target name (<target dev='name'/>) or source file (<source
file='name'/>) for one of the disk devices attached to domain (see also domblklist for listing these
names).

size is a scaled integer (see NOTES above) which defaults to KiB (blocks of 1024 bytes) if there is
no suffix. You must use a suffix of "B" to get bytes (note that for historical reasons, this differs
from vol-resize which defaults to bytes without a suffix).

domdisplay domain [--include-password] [[--type] type]
Output a URI which can be used to connect to the graphical display of the domain via VNC, SPICE or
RDP. The particular graphical display type can be selected using the type parameter (e.g. "vnc",
"spice", "rdp"). If --include-password is specified, the SPICE channel password will be included in
the URI.

domfsinfo domain
Show a list of mounted filesystems within the running domain. The list contains mountpoints, names of
a mounted device in the guest, filesystem types, and unique target names used in the domain XML
(<target dev='name'/>).

Note that this command requires a guest agent configured and running in the domain's guest OS.

domfsfreeze domain [[--mountpoint] mountpoint...]
Freeze mounted filesystems within a running domain to prepare for consistent snapshots.

The --mountpoint option takes a parameter mountpoint, which is a mount point path of the filesystem
to be frozen. This option can occur multiple times. If this is not specified, every mounted
filesystem is frozen.

Note: snapshot-create command has a --quiesce option to freeze and thaw the filesystems automatically
to keep snapshots consistent. domfsfreeze command is only needed when a user wants to utilize the
native snapshot features of storage devices not supported by libvirt.

domfsthaw domain [[--mountpoint] mountpoint...]
Thaw mounted filesystems within a running domain, which have been frozen by domfsfreeze command.

The --mountpoint option takes a parameter mountpoint, which is a mount point path of the filesystem
to be thawed. This option can occur multiple times. If this is not specified, every mounted
filesystem is thawed.

domfstrim domain [--minimum bytes] [--mountpoint mountPoint]
Issue a fstrim command on all mounted filesystems within a running domain. It discards blocks which
are not in use by the filesystem. If --minimum bytes is specified, it tells guest kernel length of
contiguous free range. Smaller than this may be ignored (this is a hint and the guest may not respect
it). By increasing this value, the fstrim operation will complete more quickly for filesystems with
badly fragmented free space, although not all blocks will be discarded. The default value is zero,
meaning "discard every free block". Moreover, a if user wants to trim only one mount point, it can be
specified via optional --mountpoint parameter.

domhostname domain
Returns the hostname of a domain, if the hypervisor makes it available.

dominfo domain
Returns basic information about the domain.

domuuid domain-name-or-id
Convert a domain name or id to domain UUID

domid domain-name-or-uuid
Convert a domain name (or UUID) to a domain id

domjobabort domain
Abort the currently running domain job.

domjobinfo domain [--completed]
Returns information about jobs running on a domain. --completed tells virsh to return information
about a recently finished job. Statistics of a completed job are automatically destroyed once read or
when libvirtd is restarted. Note that time information returned for completed migrations may be
completely irrelevant unless both source and destination hosts have synchronized time (i.e., NTP
daemon is running on both of them).

domname domain-id-or-uuid
Convert a domain Id (or UUID) to domain name

domrename domain new-name
Rename a domain. This command changes current domain name to the new name specified in the second
argument.

Note: Domain must be inactive and without snapshots.

domstate domain [--reason]
Returns state about a domain. --reason tells virsh to also print reason for the state.

domcontrol domain
Returns state of an interface to VMM used to control a domain. For states other than "ok" or "error"
the command also prints number of seconds elapsed since the control interface entered its current
state.

domtime domain { [--now] [--pretty] [--sync] [--time time] }
Gets or sets the domain's system time. When run without any arguments (but domain), the current
domain's system time is printed out. The --pretty modifier can be used to print the time in more
human readable form.

When --time time is specified, the domain's time is not gotten but set instead. The --now modifier
acts like if it was an alias for --time $now, which means it sets the time that is currently on the
host virsh is running at. In both cases (setting and getting), time is in seconds relative to Epoch
of 1970-01-01 in UTC. The --sync modifies the set behavior a bit: The time passed is ignored, but
the time to set is read from domain's RTC instead. Please note, that some hypervisors may require a
guest agent to be configured in order to get or set the guest time.

domxml-from-native format config
Convert the file config in the native guest configuration format named by format to a domain XML
format. For QEMU/KVM hypervisor, the format argument must be qemu-argv. For Xen hypervisor, the
format argument may be xen-xm, xen-xl, or xen-sxpr. For LXC hypervisor, the format argument must be
lxc-tools.

domxml-to-native format xml
Convert the file xml in domain XML format to the native guest configuration format named by format.
For QEMU/KVM hypervisor, the format argument must be qemu-argv. For Xen hypervisor, the format
argument may be xen-xm, xen-xl, or xen-sxpr. For LXC hypervisor, the format argument must be lxc-
tools.

dump domain corefilepath [--bypass-cache] { [--live] | [--crash] | [--reset] } [--verbose]
[--memory-only] [--format string]
Dumps the core of a domain to a file for analysis. If --live is specified, the domain continues to
run until the core dump is complete, rather than pausing up front. If --crash is specified, the
domain is halted with a crashed status, rather than merely left in a paused state. If --reset is
specified, the domain is reset after successful dump. Note, these three switches are mutually
exclusive. If --bypass-cache is specified, the save will avoid the file system cache, although this
may slow down the operation. If --memory-only is specified, the file is elf file, and will only
include domain's memory and cpu common register value. It is very useful if the domain uses host
devices directly. --format string is used to specify the format of 'memory-only' dump, and string
can be one of them: elf, kdump-zlib(kdump-compressed format with zlib-compressed),
kdump-lzo(kdump-compressed format with lzo-compressed), kdump-snappy(kdump-compressed format with
snappy-compressed).

The progress may be monitored using domjobinfo virsh command and canceled with domjobabort command
(sent by another virsh instance). Another option is to send SIGINT (usually with "Ctrl-C") to the
virsh process running dump command. --verbose displays the progress of dump.

NOTE: Some hypervisors may require the user to manually ensure proper permissions on file and path
specified by argument corefilepath.

dumpxml domain [--inactive] [--security-info] [--update-cpu] [--migratable]
Output the domain information as an XML dump to stdout, this format can be used by the create
command. Additional options affecting the XML dump may be used. --inactive tells virsh to dump domain
configuration that will be used on next start of the domain as opposed to the current domain
configuration. Using --security-info will also include security sensitive information in the XML
dump. --update-cpu updates domain CPU requirements according to host CPU. With --migratable one can
request an XML that is suitable for migrations, i.e., compatible with older libvirt releases and
possibly amended with internal run-time options. This option may automatically enable other options
(--update-cpu, --security-info, ...) as necessary.

edit domain
Edit the XML configuration file for a domain, which will affect the next boot of the guest.

This is equivalent to:

virsh dumpxml --inactive --security-info domain > domain.xml
vi domain.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh define domain.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variables, and defaults to
"vi".

event {[domain] { event | --all } [--loop] [--timeout seconds] [--timestamp] | --list}
Wait for a class of domain events to occur, and print appropriate details of events as they happen.
The events can optionally be filtered by domain. Using --list as the only argument will provide a
list of possible event values known by this client, although the connection might not allow
registering for all these events. It is also possible to use --all instead of event to register for
all possible event types at once.

By default, this command is one-shot, and returns success once an event occurs; you can send SIGINT
(usually via "Ctrl-C") to quit immediately. If --timeout is specified, the command gives up waiting
for events after seconds have elapsed. With --loop, the command prints all events until a timeout
or interrupt key.

When --timestamp is used, a human-readable timestamp will be printed before the event.

iothreadinfo domain [[--live] [--config] | [--current]]
Display basic domain IOThreads information including the IOThread ID and the CPU Affinity for each
IOThread.

If --live is specified, get the IOThreads data from the running guest. If the guest is not running,
an error is returned. If --config is specified, get the IOThreads data from the next boot of a
persistent guest. If --current is specified or --live and --config are not specified, then get the
IOThread data based on the current guest state.

iothreadpin domain iothread cpulist [[--live] [--config] | [--current]]
Change the pinning of a domain IOThread to host physical CPUs. In order to retrieve a list of all
IOThreads, use iothreadinfo. To pin an iothread specify the cpulist desired for the IOThread ID as
listed in the iothreadinfo output.

cpulist is a list of physical CPU numbers. Its syntax is a comma separated list and a special markup
using '-' and '^' (ex. '0-4', '0-3,^2') can also be allowed. The '-' denotes the range and the '^'
denotes exclusive. If you want to reset iothreadpin setting, that is, to pin an iothread to all
physical cpus, simply specify 'r' as a cpulist.

If --live is specified, affect a running guest. If the guest is not running, an error is returned.
If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest. If --current is specified or
--live and --config are not specified, affect the current guest state. Both --live and --config
flags may be given if cpulist is present, but --current is exclusive. If no flag is specified,
behavior is different depending on hypervisor.

Note: The expression is sequentially evaluated, so "0-15,^8" is identical to "9-14,0-7,15" but not
identical to "^8,0-15".

iothreadadd domain iothread_id [[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Add a new IOThread to the domain using the specified iothread_id. If the iothread_id already exists,
the command will fail. The iothread_id must be greater than zero.

If --live is specified, affect a running guest. If the guest is not running an error is returned. If
--config is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest. If --current is specified or
--live and --config are not specified, affect the current guest state.

iothreaddel domain iothread_id [[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Delete an IOThread from the domain using the specified iothread_id. If an IOThread is currently
assigned to a disk resource such as via the attach-disk command, then the attempt to remove the
IOThread will fail. If the iothread_id does not exist an error will occur.

managedsave domain [--bypass-cache] [{--running | --paused}] [--verbose]
Save and destroy (stop) a running domain, so it can be restarted from the same state at a later time.
When the virsh start command is next run for the domain, it will automatically be started from this
saved state. If --bypass-cache is specified, the save will avoid the file system cache, although
this may slow down the operation.

The progress may be monitored using domjobinfo virsh command and canceled with domjobabort command
(sent by another virsh instance). Another option is to send SIGINT (usually with "Ctrl-C") to the
virsh process running managedsave command. --verbose displays the progress of save.

Normally, starting a managed save will decide between running or paused based on the state the domain
was in when the save was done; passing either the --running or --paused flag will allow overriding
which state the start should use.

The dominfo command can be used to query whether a domain currently has any managed save image.

managedsave-remove domain
Remove the managedsave state file for a domain, if it exists. This ensures the domain will do a full
boot the next time it is started.

maxvcpus [type]
Provide the maximum number of virtual CPUs supported for a guest VM on this connection. If provided,
the type parameter must be a valid type attribute for the <domain> element of XML.

cpu-stats domain [--total] [start] [count]
Provide cpu statistics information of a domain. The domain should be running. Default it shows stats
for all CPUs, and a total. Use --total for only the total stats, start for only the per-cpu stats of
the CPUs from start, count for only count CPUs' stats.

metadata domain [[--live] [--config] | [--current]] [--edit] [uri] [key] [set] [--remove]
Show or modify custom XML metadata of a domain. The metadata is a user defined XML that allows to
store arbitrary XML data in the domain definition. Multiple separate custom metadata pieces can be
stored in the domain XML. The pieces are identified by a private XML namespace provided via the uri
argument. (See also desc that works with textual metadata of a domain.)

Flag --remove specifies that the metadata element specified by the uri argument should be removed
rather than updated.

Flag --edit specifies that an editor with the metadata identified by the uri argument should be
opened and the contents saved back afterwards. Otherwise the new contents can be provided via the
set argument.

When setting metadata via --edit or set the key argument must be specified and is used to prefix the
custom elements to bind them to the private namespace.

If neither of --edit and set are specified the XML metadata corresponding to the uri namespace is
displayed instead of being modified.

migrate [--live] [--offline] [--direct] [--p2p [--tunnelled]] [--persistent] [--undefinesource]
[--suspend] [--copy-storage-all] [--copy-storage-inc] [--change-protection] [--unsafe] [--verbose]
[--compressed] [--abort-on-error] [--auto-converge] domain desturi [migrateuri] [graphicsuri] [listen-
address] [dname] [--timeout seconds] [--xml file] [--migrate-disks disk-list]
Migrate domain to another host. Add --live for live migration; <--p2p> for peer-2-peer migration;
--direct for direct migration; or --tunnelled for tunnelled migration. --offline migrates domain
definition without starting the domain on destination and without stopping it on source host.
Offline migration may be used with inactive domains and it must be used with --persistent option.
--persistent leaves the domain persistent on destination host, --undefinesource undefines the domain
on the source host, and --suspend leaves the domain paused on the destination host.
--copy-storage-all indicates migration with non-shared storage with full disk copy,
--copy-storage-inc indicates migration with non-shared storage with incremental copy (same base image
shared between source and destination). In both cases the disk images have to exist on destination
host, the --copy-storage-... options only tell libvirt to transfer data from the images on source
host to the images found at the same place on the destination host. By default only non-shared non-
readonly images are transferred. Use --migrate-disks to explicitly specify a list of disk targets to
transfer via the comma separated disk-list argument. --change-protection enforces that no
incompatible configuration changes will be made to the domain while the migration is underway; this
flag is implicitly enabled when supported by the hypervisor, but can be explicitly used to reject the
migration if the hypervisor lacks change protection support. --verbose displays the progress of
migration. --compressed activates compression of memory pages that have to be transferred repeatedly
during live migration. --abort-on-error cancels the migration if a soft error (for example I/O error)
happens during the migration. --auto-converge forces convergence during live migration.

Note: Individual hypervisors usually do not support all possible types of migration. For example,
QEMU does not support direct migration.

In some cases libvirt may refuse to migrate the domain because doing so may lead to potential
problems such as data corruption, and thus the migration is considered unsafe. For QEMU domain, this
may happen if the domain uses disks without explicitly setting cache mode to "none". Migrating such
domains is unsafe unless the disk images are stored on coherent clustered filesystem, such as GFS2 or
GPFS. If you are sure the migration is safe or you just do not care, use --unsafe to force the
migration.

dname is used for renaming the domain to new name during migration, which also usually can be
omitted. Likewise, --xml file is usually omitted, but can be used to supply an alternative XML file
for use on the destination to supply a larger set of changes to any host-specific portions of the
domain XML, such as accounting for naming differences between source and destination in accessing
underlying storage.

--timeout seconds forces guest to suspend when live migration exceeds that many seconds, and then the
migration will complete offline. It can only be used with --live.

Running migration can be canceled by interrupting virsh (usually using "Ctrl-C") or by domjobabort
command sent from another virsh instance.

The desturi and migrateuri parameters can be used to control which destination the migration uses.
desturi is important for managed migration, but unused for direct migration; migrateuri is required
for direct migration, but can usually be automatically determined for managed migration.

Note: The desturi parameter for normal migration and peer2peer migration has different semantics:

• normal migration: the desturi is an address of the target host as seen from the client machine.

• peer2peer migration: the desturi is an address of the target host as seen from the source
machine.

When migrateuri is not specified, libvirt will automatically determine the hypervisor specific URI.
Some hypervisors, including QEMU, have an optional "migration_host" configuration parameter (useful
when the host has multiple network interfaces). If this is unspecified, libvirt determines a name by
looking up the target host's configured hostname.

There are a few scenarios where specifying migrateuri may help:

• The configured hostname is incorrect, or DNS is broken. If a host has a hostname which will not
resolve to match one of its public IP addresses, then libvirt will generate an incorrect URI. In
this case migrateuri should be explicitly specified, using an IP address, or a correct hostname.

• The host has multiple network interfaces. If a host has multiple network interfaces, it might be
desirable for the migration data stream to be sent over a specific interface for either security
or performance reasons. In this case migrateuri should be explicitly specified, using an IP
address associated with the network to be used.

• The firewall restricts what ports are available. When libvirt generates a migration URI, it will
pick a port number using hypervisor specific rules. Some hypervisors only require a single port
to be open in the firewalls, while others require a whole range of port numbers. In the latter
case migrateuri might be specified to choose a specific port number outside the default range in
order to comply with local firewall policies.

See <http://libvirt.org/migration.html#uris> for more details on migration URIs.

Optional graphicsuri overrides connection parameters used for automatically reconnecting a graphical
clients at the end of migration. If omitted, libvirt will compute the parameters based on target host
IP address. In case the client does not have a direct access to the network virtualization hosts are
connected to and needs to connect through a proxy, graphicsuri may be used to specify the address the
client should connect to. The URI is formed as follows:

protocol://hostname[:port]/[?parameters]

where protocol is either "spice" or "vnc" and parameters is a list of protocol specific parameters
separated by '&'. Currently recognized parameters are "tlsPort" and "tlsSubject". For example,

spice://target.host.com:1234/?tlsPort=4567

Optional listen-address sets the listen address that hypervisor on the destination side should bind
to for incoming migration. Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are accepted as well as hostnames (the
resolving is done on destination). Some hypervisors do not support this feature and will return an
error if this parameter is used.

migrate-setmaxdowntime domain downtime
Set maximum tolerable downtime for a domain which is being live-migrated to another host. The
downtime is a number of milliseconds the guest is allowed to be down at the end of live migration.

migrate-compcache domain [--size bytes]
Sets and/or gets size of the cache (in bytes) used for compressing repeatedly transferred memory
pages during live migration. When called without size, the command just prints current size of the
compression cache. When size is specified, the hypervisor is asked to change compression cache to
size bytes and then the current size is printed (the result may differ from the requested size due to
rounding done by the hypervisor). The size option is supposed to be used while the domain is being
live-migrated as a reaction to migration progress and increasing number of compression cache misses
obtained from domjobinfo.

migrate-setspeed domain bandwidth
Set the maximum migration bandwidth (in MiB/s) for a domain which is being migrated to another host.
bandwidth is interpreted as an unsigned long long value. Specifying a negative value results in an
essentially unlimited value being provided to the hypervisor. The hypervisor can choose whether to
reject the value or convert it to the maximum value allowed.

migrate-getspeed domain
Get the maximum migration bandwidth (in MiB/s) for a domain.

numatune domain [--mode mode] [--nodeset nodeset] [[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Set or get a domain's numa parameters, corresponding to the <numatune> element of domain XML.
Without flags, the current settings are displayed.

mode can be one of `strict', `interleave' and `preferred' or any valid number from the
virDomainNumatuneMemMode enum in case the daemon supports it. For a running domain, the mode can't
be changed, and the nodeset can be changed only if the domain was started with a mode of `strict'.

nodeset is a list of numa nodes used by the host for running the domain. Its syntax is a comma
separated list, with '-' for ranges and '^' for excluding a node.

If --live is specified, set scheduler information of a running guest. If --config is specified,
affect the next boot of a persistent guest. If --current is specified, affect the current guest
state.

reboot domain [--mode MODE-LIST]
Reboot a domain. This acts just as if the domain had the reboot command run from the console. The
command returns as soon as it has executed the reboot action, which may be significantly before the
domain actually reboots.

The exact behavior of a domain when it reboots is set by the on_reboot parameter in the domain's XML
definition.

By default the hypervisor will try to pick a suitable shutdown method. To specify an alternative
method, the --mode parameter can specify a comma separated list which includes "acpi", "agent",
"initctl", "signal" and "paravirt". The order in which drivers will try each mode is undefined, and
not related to the order specified to virsh. For strict control over ordering, use a single mode at
a time and repeat the command.

reset domain
Reset a domain immediately without any guest shutdown. reset emulates the power reset button on a
machine, where all guest hardware sees the RST line set and reinitializes internal state.

Note: Reset without any guest OS shutdown risks data loss.

restore state-file [--bypass-cache] [--xml file] [{--running | --paused}]
Restores a domain from a virsh save state file. See save for more info.

If --bypass-cache is specified, the restore will avoid the file system cache, although this may slow
down the operation.

--xml file is usually omitted, but can be used to supply an alternative XML file for use on the
restored guest with changes only in the host-specific portions of the domain XML. For example, it
can be used to account for file naming differences in underlying storage due to disk snapshots taken
after the guest was saved.

Normally, restoring a saved image will use the state recorded in the save image to decide between
running or paused; passing either the --running or --paused flag will allow overriding which state
the domain should be started in.

Note: To avoid corrupting file system contents within the domain, you should not reuse the saved
state file for a second restore unless you have also reverted all storage volumes back to the same
contents as when the state file was created.

save domain state-file [--bypass-cache] [--xml file] [{--running | --paused}] [--verbose]
Saves a running domain (RAM, but not disk state) to a state file so that it can be restored later.
Once saved, the domain will no longer be running on the system, thus the memory allocated for the
domain will be free for other domains to use. virsh restore restores from this state file. If
--bypass-cache is specified, the save will avoid the file system cache, although this may slow down
the operation.

The progress may be monitored using domjobinfo virsh command and canceled with domjobabort command
(sent by another virsh instance). Another option is to send SIGINT (usually with "Ctrl-C") to the
virsh process running save command. --verbose displays the progress of save.

This is roughly equivalent to doing a hibernate on a running computer, with all the same limitations.
Open network connections may be severed upon restore, as TCP timeouts may have expired.

--xml file is usually omitted, but can be used to supply an alternative XML file for use on the
restored guest with changes only in the host-specific portions of the domain XML. For example, it
can be used to account for file naming differences that are planned to be made via disk snapshots of
underlying storage after the guest is saved.

Normally, restoring a saved image will decide between running or paused based on the state the domain
was in when the save was done; passing either the --running or --paused flag will allow overriding
which state the restore should use.

Domain saved state files assume that disk images will be unchanged between the creation and restore
point. For a more complete system restore point, where the disk state is saved alongside the memory
state, see the snapshot family of commands.

save-image-define file xml [{--running | --paused}]
Update the domain XML that will be used when file is later used in the restore command. The xml
argument must be a file name containing the alternative XML, with changes only in the host-specific
portions of the domain XML. For example, it can be used to account for file naming differences
resulting from creating disk snapshots of underlying storage after the guest was saved.

The save image records whether the domain should be restored to a running or paused state. Normally,
this command does not alter the recorded state; passing either the --running or --paused flag will
allow overriding which state the restore should use.

save-image-dumpxml file [--security-info]
Extract the domain XML that was in effect at the time the saved state file file was created with the
save command. Using --security-info will also include security sensitive information.

save-image-edit file [{--running | --paused}]
Edit the XML configuration associated with a saved state file file created by the save command.

This is equivalent to:

virsh save-image-dumpxml state-file > state-file.xml
vi state-file.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh save-image-define state-file state-file-xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variables, and defaults to
"vi".

schedinfo domain [[--config] [--live] | [--current]] [[--set] parameter=value]...
schedinfo [--weight number] [--cap number] domain
Allows you to show (and set) the domain scheduler parameters. The parameters available for each
hypervisor are:

LXC (posix scheduler) : cpu_shares, vcpu_period, vcpu_quota

QEMU/KVM (posix scheduler): cpu_shares, vcpu_period, vcpu_quota, emulator_period, emulator_quota

Xen (credit scheduler): weight, cap

ESX (allocation scheduler): reservation, limit, shares

If --live is specified, set scheduler information of a running guest. If --config is specified,
affect the next boot of a persistent guest. If --current is specified, affect the current guest
state.

Note: The cpu_shares parameter has a valid value range of 0-262144; Negative values are wrapped to
positive, and larger values are capped at the maximum. Therefore, -1 is a useful shorthand for
262144. On the Linux kernel, the values 0 and 1 are automatically converted to a minimal value of 2.

Note: The weight and cap parameters are defined only for the XEN_CREDIT scheduler and are now
DEPRECATED.

Note: The vcpu_period/emulator_period parameters have a valid value range of 1000-1000000 or 0, and
the vcpu_quota/emulator_quota parameters have a valid value range of 1000-18446744073709551 or less
than 0. The value 0 for either parameter is the same as not specifying that parameter.

screenshot domain [imagefilepath] [--screen screenID]
Takes a screenshot of a current domain console and stores it into a file. Optionally, if hypervisor
supports more displays for a domain, screenID allows to specify which screen will be captured. It is
the sequential number of screen. In case of multiple graphics cards, heads are enumerated before
devices, e.g. having two graphics cards, both with four heads, screen ID 5 addresses the second head
on the second card.

send-key domain [--codeset codeset] [--holdtime holdtime] keycode...
Parse the keycode sequence as keystrokes to send to domain. Each keycode can either be a numeric
value or a symbolic name from the corresponding codeset. If --holdtime is given, each keystroke will
be held for that many milliseconds. The default codeset is linux, but use of the --codeset option
allows other codesets to be chosen.

If multiple keycodes are specified, they are all sent simultaneously to the guest, and they may be
received in random order. If you need distinct keypresses, you must use multiple send-key
invocations.

linux
The numeric values are those defined by the Linux generic input event subsystem. The symbolic
names match the corresponding Linux key constant macro names.

xt The numeric values are those defined by the original XT keyboard controller. No symbolic names
are provided

atset1
The numeric values are those defined by the AT keyboard controller, set 1 (aka XT compatible
set). Extended keycoes from atset1 may differ from extended keycodes in the xt codeset. No
symbolic names are provided

atset2
The numeric values are those defined by the AT keyboard controller, set 2. No symbolic names are
provided

atset3
The numeric values are those defined by the AT keyboard controller, set 3 (aka PS/2 compatible
set). No symbolic names are provided

os_x
The numeric values are those defined by the OS-X keyboard input subsystem. The symbolic names
match the corresponding OS-X key constant macro names

xt_kbd
The numeric values are those defined by the Linux KBD device. These are a variant on the
original XT codeset, but often with different encoding for extended keycodes. No symbolic names
are provided.

win32
The numeric values are those defined by the Win32 keyboard input subsystem. The symbolic names
match the corresponding Win32 key constant macro names

usb The numeric values are those defined by the USB HID specification for keyboard input. No symbolic
names are provided

rfb The numeric values are those defined by the RFB extension for sending raw keycodes. These are a
variant on the XT codeset, but extended keycodes have the low bit of the second byte set, instead
of the high bit of the first byte. No symbolic names are provided.

Examples
# send three strokes 'k', 'e', 'y', using xt codeset. these
# are all pressed simultaneously and may be received by the guest
# in random order
virsh send-key dom --codeset xt 37 18 21

# send one stroke 'right-ctrl+C'
virsh send-key dom KEY_RIGHTCTRL KEY_C

# send a tab, held for 1 second
virsh send-key --holdtime 1000 0xf

send-process-signal domain-id pid signame
Send a signal signame to the process identified by pid running in the virtual domain domain-id. The
pid is a process ID in the virtual domain namespace.

The signame argument may be either an integer signal constant number, or one of the symbolic names:

"nop", "hup", "int", "quit", "ill",
"trap", "abrt", "bus", "fpe", "kill",
"usr1", "segv", "usr2", "pipe", "alrm",
"term", "stkflt", "chld", "cont", "stop",
"tstp", "ttin", "ttou", "urg", "xcpu",
"xfsz", "vtalrm", "prof", "winch", "poll",
"pwr", "sys", "rt0", "rt1", "rt2", "rt3",
"rt4", "rt5", "rt6", "rt7", "rt8", "rt9",
"rt10", "rt11", "rt12", "rt13", "rt14", "rt15",
"rt16", "rt17", "rt18", "rt19", "rt20", "rt21",
"rt22", "rt23", "rt24", "rt25", "rt26", "rt27",
"rt28", "rt29", "rt30", "rt31", "rt32"

The symbol name may optionally be prefixed with 'sig' or 'sig_' and may be in uppercase or lowercase.

Examples
virsh send-process-signal myguest 1 15
virsh send-process-signal myguest 1 term
virsh send-process-signal myguest 1 sigterm
virsh send-process-signal myguest 1 SIG_HUP

setmem domain size [[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Change the memory allocation for a guest domain. If --live is specified, perform a memory balloon of
a running guest. If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest. If --current
is specified, affect the current guest state. Both --live and --config flags may be given, but
--current is exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending on hypervisor.

size is a scaled integer (see NOTES above); it defaults to kibibytes (blocks of 1024 bytes) unless
you provide a suffix (and the older option name --kilobytes is available as a deprecated synonym) .
Libvirt rounds up to the nearest kibibyte. Some hypervisors require a larger granularity than KiB,
and requests that are not an even multiple will be rounded up. For example, vSphere/ESX rounds the
parameter up to mebibytes (1024 kibibytes).

For Xen, you can only adjust the memory of a running domain if the domain is paravirtualized or
running the PV balloon driver.

For LXC, the value being set is the cgroups value for limit_in_bytes or the maximum amount of user
memory (including file cache). When viewing memory inside the container, this is the /proc/meminfo
"MemTotal" value. When viewing the value from the host, use the virsh memtune command. In order to
view the current memory in use and the maximum value allowed to set memory, use the virsh dominfo
command.

set-user-password domain user password [--encrypted]
Set the password for the user account in the guest domain.

If --encrypted is specified, the password is assumed to be already encrypted by the method required
by the guest OS.

For QEMU/KVM, this requires the guest agent to be configured and running.

setmaxmem domain size [[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Change the maximum memory allocation limit for a guest domain. If --live is specified, affect a
running guest. If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest. If --current
is specified, affect the current guest state. Both --live and --config flags may be given, but
--current is exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending on hypervisor.

Some hypervisors such as QEMU/KVM don't support live changes (especially increasing) of the maximum
memory limit. Even persistent configuration changes might not be performed with some
hypervisors/configuration (e.g. on NUMA enabled domains on QEMU). For complex configuration changes
use command edit instead).

memtune domain [--hard-limit size] [--soft-limit size] [--swap-hard-limit size] [--min-guarantee size]
[[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Allows you to display or set the domain memory parameters. Without flags, the current settings are
displayed; with a flag, the appropriate limit is adjusted if supported by the hypervisor. LXC and
QEMU/KVM support --hard-limit, --soft-limit, and --swap-hard-limit. --min-guarantee is supported
only by ESX hypervisor. Each of these limits are scaled integers (see NOTES above), with a default
of kibibytes (blocks of 1024 bytes) if no suffix is present. Libvirt rounds up to the nearest
kibibyte. Some hypervisors require a larger granularity than KiB, and requests that are not an even
multiple will be rounded up. For example, vSphere/ESX rounds the parameter up to mebibytes (1024
kibibytes).

For QEMU/KVM, the parameters are applied to the QEMU process as a whole. Thus, when counting them,
one needs to add up guest RAM, guest video RAM, and some memory overhead of QEMU itself. The last
piece is hard to determine so one needs guess and try.

For LXC, the displayed hard_limit value is the current memory setting from the XML or the results
from a virsh setmem command.

--hard-limit
The maximum memory the guest can use.

--soft-limit
The memory limit to enforce during memory contention.

--swap-hard-limit
The maximum memory plus swap the guest can use. This has to be more than hard-limit value
provided.

--min-guarantee
The guaranteed minimum memory allocation for the guest.

Specifying -1 as a value for these limits is interpreted as unlimited.

blkiotune domain [--weight weight] [--device-weights device-weights] [--device-read-iops-sec device-read-
iops-sec] [--device-write-iops-sec device-write-iops-sec] [--device-read-bytes-sec device-read-bytes-sec]
[--device-write-bytes-sec device-write-bytes-sec] [[--config] [--live] | [--current]]
Display or set the blkio parameters. QEMU/KVM supports --weight. --weight is in range [100, 1000].
After kernel 2.6.39, the value could be in the range [10, 1000].

device-weights is a single string listing one or more device/weight pairs, in the format of
/path/to/device,weight,/path/to/device,weight. Each weight is in the range [100, 1000], [10, 1000]
after kernel 2.6.39, or the value 0 to remove that device from per-device listings. Only the devices
listed in the string are modified; any existing per-device weights for other devices remain
unchanged.

device-read-iops-sec is a single string listing one or more device/read_iops_sec pairs, int the
format of /path/to/device,read_iops_sec,/path/to/device,read_iops_sec. Each read_iops_sec is a
number which type is unsigned int, value 0 to remove that device from per-decice listing. Only the
devices listed in the string are modified; any existing per-device read_iops_sec for other devices
remain unchanged.

device-write-iops-sec is a single string listing one or more device/write_iops_sec pairs, int the
format of /path/to/device,write_iops_sec,/path/to/device,write_iops_sec. Each write_iops_sec is a
number which type is unsigned int, value 0 to remove that device from per-decice listing. Only the
devices listed in the string are modified; any existing per-device write_iops_sec for other devices
remain unchanged.

device-read-bytes-sec is a single string listing one or more device/read_bytes_sec pairs, int the
format of /path/to/device,read_bytes_sec,/path/to/device,read_bytes_sec. Each read_bytes_sec is a
number which type is unsigned long long, value 0 to remove that device from per-decice listing. Only
the devices listed in the string are modified; any existing per-device read_bytes_sec for other
devices remain unchanged.

device-write-bytes-sec is a single string listing one or more device/write_bytes_sec pairs, int the
format of /path/to/device,write_bytes_sec,/path/to/device,write_bytes_sec. Each write_bytes_sec is a
number which type is unsigned long long, value 0 to remove that device from per-decice listing. Only
the devices listed in the string are modified; any existing per-device write_bytes_sec for other
devices remain unchanged.

setvcpus domain count [--maximum] [[--config] [--live] | [--current]] [--guest]
Change the number of virtual CPUs active in a guest domain. By default, this command works on active
guest domains. To change the settings for an inactive guest domain, use the --config flag.

The count value may be limited by host, hypervisor, or a limit coming from the original description
of the guest domain. For Xen, you can only adjust the virtual CPUs of a running domain if the domain
is paravirtualized.

If the --config flag is specified, the change is made to the stored XML configuration for the guest
domain, and will only take effect when the guest domain is next started.

If --live is specified, the guest domain must be active, and the change takes place immediately.
Both the --config and --live flags may be specified together if supported by the hypervisor. If this
command is run before the guest has finished booting, the guest may fail to process the change.

If --current is specified, affect the current guest state.

When no flags are given, the --live flag is assumed and the guest domain must be active. In this
situation it is up to the hypervisor whether the --config flag is also assumed, and therefore whether
the XML configuration is adjusted to make the change persistent.

If --guest is specified, then the count of cpus is modified in the guest instead of the hypervisor.
This flag is usable only for live domains and may require guest agent to be configured in the guest.

The --maximum flag controls the maximum number of virtual cpus that can be hot-plugged the next time
the domain is booted. As such, it must only be used with the --config flag, and not with the --live
or the --current flag.

shutdown domain [--mode MODE-LIST]
Gracefully shuts down a domain. This coordinates with the domain OS to perform graceful shutdown, so
there is no guarantee that it will succeed, and may take a variable length of time depending on what
services must be shutdown in the domain.

The exact behavior of a domain when it shuts down is set by the on_shutdown parameter in the domain's
XML definition.

start domain-name-or-uuid [--console] [--paused] [--autodestroy] [--bypass-cache] [--force-boot]
[--pass-fds N,M,...]
Start a (previously defined) inactive domain, either from the last managedsave state, or via a fresh
boot if no managedsave state is present. The domain will be paused if the --paused option is used
and supported by the driver; otherwise it will be running. If --console is requested, attach to the
console after creation. If --autodestroy is requested, then the guest will be automatically
destroyed when virsh closes its connection to libvirt, or otherwise exits. If --bypass-cache is
specified, and managedsave state exists, the restore will avoid the file system cache, although this
may slow down the operation. If --force-boot is specified, then any managedsave state is discarded
and a fresh boot occurs.

If --pass-fds is specified, the argument is a comma separated list of open file descriptors which
should be pass on into the guest. The file descriptors will be re-numered in the guest, starting from
3. This is only supported with container based virtualization.

suspend domain
Suspend a running domain. It is kept in memory but won't be scheduled anymore.

resume domain
Moves a domain out of the suspended state. This will allow a previously suspended domain to now be
eligible for scheduling by the underlying hypervisor.

dompmsuspend domain target [--duration]
Suspend a running domain into one of these states (possible target values):
mem equivalent of S3 ACPI state
disk equivalent of S4 ACPI state
hybrid RAM is saved to disk but not powered off

The --duration argument specifies number of seconds before the domain is woken up after it was
suspended (see also dompmwakeup). Default is 0 for unlimited suspend time. (This feature isn't
currently supported by any hypervisor driver and 0 should be used.).

Note that this command requires a guest agent configured and running in the domain's guest OS.

Beware that at least for QEMU, the domain's process will be terminated when target disk is used and a
new process will be launched when libvirt is asked to wake up the domain. As a result of this, any
runtime changes, such as device hotplug or memory settings, are lost unless such changes were made
with --config flag.

dompmwakeup domain
Wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state (either suspended by dompmsuspend or from the guest itself).
Injects a wakeup into the guest that is in pmsuspended state, rather than waiting for the previously
requested duration (if any) to elapse. This operation doesn't not necessarily fail if the domain is
running.

ttyconsole domain
Output the device used for the TTY console of the domain. If the information is not available the
processes will provide an exit code of 1.

undefine domain [--managed-save] [--snapshots-metadata] [--nvram] [ {--storage volumes |
--remove-all-storage [--delete-snapshots]} --wipe-storage]
Undefine a domain. If the domain is running, this converts it to a transient domain, without stopping
it. If the domain is inactive, the domain configuration is removed.

The --managed-save flag guarantees that any managed save image (see the managedsave command) is also
cleaned up. Without the flag, attempts to undefine a domain with a managed save image will fail.

The --snapshots-metadata flag guarantees that any snapshots (see the snapshot-list command) are also
cleaned up when undefining an inactive domain. Without the flag, attempts to undefine an inactive
domain with snapshot metadata will fail. If the domain is active, this flag is ignored.

The --nvram flag ensures no nvram (/domain/os/nvram/) file is left behind. If the domain has an nvram
file and the flag is omitted, the undefine will fail.

The --storage flag takes a parameter volumes, which is a comma separated list of volume target names
or source paths of storage volumes to be removed along with the undefined domain. Volumes can be
undefined and thus removed only on inactive domains. Volume deletion is only attempted after the
domain is undefined; if not all of the requested volumes could be deleted, the error message
indicates what still remains behind. If a volume path is not found in the domain definition, it's
treated as if the volume was successfully deleted. Only volumes managed by libvirt in storage pools
can be removed this way. (See domblklist for list of target names associated to a domain). Example:
--storage vda,/path/to/storage.img

The --remove-all-storage flag specifies that all of the domain's storage volumes should be deleted.

The --delete-snapshots flag specifies that any snapshots associated with the storage volume should be
deleted as well. Requires the --remove-all-storage flag to be provided. Not all storage drivers
support this option, presently only rbd.

The flag --wipe-storage specifies that the storage volumes should be wiped before removal.

NOTE: For an inactive domain, the domain name or UUID must be used as the domain.

vcpucount domain [{--maximum | --active} {--config | --live | --current}] [--guest]
Print information about the virtual cpu counts of the given domain. If no flags are specified, all
possible counts are listed in a table; otherwise, the output is limited to just the numeric value
requested. For historical reasons, the table lists the label "current" on the rows that can be
queried in isolation via the --active flag, rather than relating to the --current flag.

--maximum requests information on the maximum cap of vcpus that a domain can add via setvcpus, while
--active shows the current usage; these two flags cannot both be specified. --config requires a
persistent domain and requests information regarding the next time the domain will be booted, --live
requires a running domain and lists current values, and --current queries according to the current
state of the domain (corresponding to --live if running, or --config if inactive); these three flags
are mutually exclusive.

If --guest is specified, then the count of cpus is reported from the perspective of the guest. This
flag is usable only for live domains and may require guest agent to be configured in the guest.

vcpuinfo domain [--pretty]
Returns basic information about the domain virtual CPUs, like the number of vCPUs, the running time,
the affinity to physical processors.

With --pretty, cpu affinities are shown as ranges.

vcpupin domain [vcpu] [cpulist] [[--live] [--config] | [--current]]
Query or change the pinning of domain VCPUs to host physical CPUs. To pin a single vcpu, specify
cpulist; otherwise, you can query one vcpu or omit vcpu to list all at once.

cpulist is a list of physical CPU numbers. Its syntax is a comma separated list and a special markup
using '-' and '^' (ex. '0-4', '0-3,^2') can also be allowed. The '-' denotes the range and the '^'
denotes exclusive. For pinning the vcpu to all physical cpus specify 'r' as a cpulist. If --live is
specified, affect a running guest. If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent
guest. If --current is specified, affect the current guest state. Both --live and --config flags
may be given if cpulist is present, but --current is exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is
different depending on hypervisor.

Note: The expression is sequentially evaluated, so "0-15,^8" is identical to "9-14,0-7,15" but not
identical to "^8,0-15".

emulatorpin domain [cpulist] [[--live] [--config] | [--current]]
Query or change the pinning of domain's emulator threads to host physical CPUs.

See vcpupin for cpulist.

If --live is specified, affect a running guest. If --config is specified, affect the next boot of a
persistent guest. If --current is specified, affect the current guest state. Both --live and
--config flags may be given if cpulist is present, but --current is exclusive. If no flag is
specified, behavior is different depending on hypervisor.

vncdisplay domain
Output the IP address and port number for the VNC display. If the information is not available the
processes will provide an exit code of 1.

DEVICE COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate devices associated to domains. The domain can be specified as a short
integer, a name or a full UUID. To better understand the values allowed as options for the command
reading the documentation at <http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html> on the format of the device sections
to get the most accurate set of accepted values.

attach-device domain FILE [[[--live] [--config] | [--current]] | [--persistent]]
Attach a device to the domain, using a device definition in an XML file using a device definition
element such as <disk> or <interface> as the top-level element. See the documentation at
<http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html#elementsDevices> to learn about libvirt XML format for a
device. If --config is specified the command alters the persistent domain configuration with the
device attach taking effect the next time libvirt starts the domain. For cdrom and floppy devices,
this command only replaces the media within an existing device; consider using update-device for this
usage. For passthrough host devices, see also nodedev-detach, needed if the PCI device does not use
managed mode.

If --live is specified, affect a running domain. If --config is specified, affect the next startup
of a persistent domain. If --current is specified, affect the current domain state. Both --live and
--config flags may be given, but --current is exclusive. When no flag is specified legacy API is used
whose behavior depends on the hypervisor driver.

For compatibility purposes, --persistent behaves like --config for an offline domain, and like --live
--config for a running domain.

Note: using of partial device definition XML files may lead to unexpected results as some fields may
be autogenerated and thus match devices other than expected.

attach-disk domain source target [[[--live] [--config] | [--current]] | [--persistent]] [--targetbus bus]
[--driver driver] [--subdriver subdriver] [--iothread iothread] [--cache cache] [--type type] [--mode
mode] [--sourcetype sourcetype] [--serial serial] [--wwn wwn] [--rawio] [--address address]
[--multifunction] [--print-xml]
Attach a new disk device to the domain. source is path for the files and devices. target controls
the bus or device under which the disk is exposed to the guest OS. It indicates the "logical" device
name; the optional targetbus attribute specifies the type of disk device to emulate; possible values
are driver specific, with typical values being ide, scsi, virtio, xen, usb, sata, or sd, if omitted,
the bus type is inferred from the style of the device name (e.g. a device named 'sda' will typically
be exported using a SCSI bus). driver can be file, tap or phy for the Xen hypervisor depending on
the kind of access; or qemu for the QEMU emulator. Further details to the driver can be passed using
subdriver. For Xen subdriver can be aio, while for QEMU subdriver should match the format of the disk
source, such as raw or qcow2. Hypervisor default will be used if subdriver is not specified.
However, the default may not be correct, esp. for QEMU as for security reasons it is configured not
to detect disk formats. type can indicate lun, cdrom or floppy as alternative to the disk default,
although this use only replaces the media within the existing virtual cdrom or floppy device;
consider using update-device for this usage instead. mode can specify the two specific mode readonly
or shareable. sourcetype can indicate the type of source (block|file) cache can be one of "default",
"none", "writethrough", "writeback", "directsync" or "unsafe". iothread is the number within the
range of domain IOThreads to which this disk may be attached (QEMU only). serial is the serial of
disk device. wwn is the wwn of disk device. rawio indicates the disk needs rawio capability.
address is the address of disk device in the form of pci:domain.bus.slot.function,
scsi:controller.bus.unit, ide:controller.bus.unit or ccw:cssid.ssid.devno. Virtio-ccw devices must
have their cssid set to 0xfe. multifunction indicates specified pci address is a multifunction pci
device address.

If --print-xml is specified, then the XML of the disk that would be attached is printed instead.

For compatibility purposes, --persistent behaves like --config for an offline domain, and like --live
--config for a running domain. Likewise, --shareable is an alias for --mode shareable.

attach-interface domain type source [[[--live] [--config] | [--current]] | [--persistent]] [--target
target] [--mac mac] [--script script] [--model model] [--inbound average,peak,burst,floor] [--outbound
average,peak,burst] [--managed] [--print-xml]
Attach a new network interface to the domain.

type can be one of the:

network to indicate connection via a libvirt virtual network,

bridge to indicate connection via a bridge device on the host,

direct to indicate connection directly to one of the host's network interfaces or bridges,

hostdev to indicate connection using a passthrough of PCI device on the host.

source indicates the source of the connection. The source depends on the type of the interface:

network name of the virtual network,

bridge the name of the bridge device,

direct the name of the host's interface or bridge,

hostdev the PCI address of the host's interface formatted as domain:bus:slot.function.

--target is used to specify the tap/macvtap device to be used to connect the domain to the source.
Names starting with 'vnet' are considered as auto-generated and are blanked out/regenerated each time
the interface is attached.

--mac specifies the MAC address of the network interface; if a MAC address is not given, a new
address will be automatically generated (and stored in the persistent configuration if "--config" is
given on the command line).

--script is used to specify a path to a custom script to be called while attaching to a bridge - this
will be called instead of the default script not in addition to it. This is valid only for
interfaces of bridge type and only for Xen domains.

--model specifies the network device model to be presented to the domain.

--inbound and --outbound control the bandwidth of the interface. At least one from the average,
floor pair must be specified. The other two peak and burst are optional, so "average,peak",
"average,,burst", "average,,,floor", "average" and ",,,floor" are also legal. Values for average,
floor and peak are expressed in kilobytes per second, while burst is expressed in kilobytes in a
single burst at peak speed as described in the Network XML documentation at
<http://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html#elementQoS>.

--managed is usable only for hostdev type and tells libvirt that the interface should be managed,
which means detached and reattached from/to the host by libvirt.

If --print-xml is specified, then the XML of the interface that would be attached is printed instead.

If --live is specified, affect a running domain. If --config is specified, affect the next startup
of a persistent domain. If --current is specified, affect the current domain state. Both --live and
--config flags may be given, but --current is exclusive. When no flag is specified legacy API is
used whose behavior depends on the hypervisor driver.

For compatibility purposes, --persistent behaves like --config for an offline domain, and like --live
--config for a running domain.

Note: the optional target value is the name of a device to be created as the back-end on the node.
If not provided a device named "vnetN" or "vifN" will be created automatically.

detach-device domain FILE [[[--live] [--config] | [--current]] | [--persistent]]
Detach a device from the domain, takes the same kind of XML descriptions as command attach-device.
For passthrough host devices, see also nodedev-reattach, needed if the device does not use managed
mode.

Note: The supplied XML description of the device should be as specific as its definition in the
domain XML. The set of attributes used to match the device are internal to the drivers. Using a
partial definition, or attempting to detach a device that is not present in the domain XML, but
shares some specific attributes with one that is present, may lead to unexpected results.

For compatibility purposes, --persistent behaves like --config for an offline domain, and like --live
--config for a running domain.

Note that older versions of virsh used --config as an alias for --persistent.

detach-disk domain target [[[--live] [--config] | [--current]] | [--persistent]]
Detach a disk device from a domain. The target is the device as seen from the domain.

For compatibility purposes, --persistent behaves like --config for an offline domain, and like --live
--config for a running domain.

Note that older versions of virsh used --config as an alias for --persistent.

detach-interface domain type [--mac mac] [[[--live] [--config] | [--current]] | [--persistent]]
Detach a network interface from a domain. type can be either network to indicate a physical network
device or bridge to indicate a bridge to a device. It is recommended to use the mac option to
distinguish between the interfaces if more than one are present on the domain.

For compatibility purposes, --persistent behaves like --config for an offline domain, and like --live
--config for a running domain.

Note that older versions of virsh used --config as an alias for --persistent.

update-device domain file [--force] [[[--live] [--config] | [--current]] | [--persistent]]
Update the characteristics of a device associated with domain, based on the device definition in an
XML file. The --force option can be used to force device update, e.g., to eject a CD-ROM even if it
is locked/mounted in the domain. See the documentation at
<http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html#elementsDevices> to learn about libvirt XML format for a
device.

If --live is specified, affect a running domain. If --config is specified, affect the next startup
of a persistent domain. If --current is specified, affect the current domain state. Both --live and
--config flags may be given, but --current is exclusive. Not specifying any flag is the same as
specifying --current.

For compatibility purposes, --persistent behaves like --config for an offline domain, and like --live
--config for a running domain.

Note that older versions of virsh used --config as an alias for --persistent.

Note: using of partial device definition XML files may lead to unexpected results as some fields may
be autogenerated and thus match devices other than expected.

change-media domain path [--eject] [--insert] [--update] [source] [--force] [[--live] [--config] |
[--current]] [--print-xml] [--block]
Change media of CDROM or floppy drive. path can be the fully-qualified path or the unique target name
(<target dev='hdc'>) of the disk device. source specifies the path of the media to be inserted or
updated. Flag --block allows to set the backing type in case a block device is used as media for the
CDROM or floppy drive instead of a file.

--eject indicates the media will be ejected. --insert indicates the media will be inserted. source
must be specified. If the device has source (e.g. <source file='media'>), and source is not
specified, --update is equal to --eject. If the device has no source, and source is specified,
--update is equal to --insert. If the device has source, and source is specified, --update behaves
like combination of --eject and --insert. If none of --eject, --insert, and --update is specified,
--update is used by default. The --force option can be used to force media changing. If --live is
specified, alter live configuration of running guest. If --config is specified, alter persistent
configuration, effect observed on next boot. --current can be either or both of live and config,
depends on the hypervisor's implementation. Both --live and --config flags may be given, but
--current is exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending on hypervisor. If
--print-xml is specified, the XML that would be used to change media is printed instead of changing
the media.

NODEDEV COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate host devices that are intended to be passed through to guest domains
via <hostdev> elements in a domain's <devices> section. A node device key is generally specified by the
bus name followed by its address, using underscores between all components, such as pci_0000_00_02_1,
usb_1_5_3, or net_eth1_00_27_13_6a_fe_00. The nodedev-list gives the full list of host devices that are
known to libvirt, although this includes devices that cannot be assigned to a guest (for example,
attempting to detach the PCI device that controls the host's hard disk controller where the guest's disk
images live could cause the host system to lock up or reboot).

For more information on node device definition see: <http://libvirt.org/formatnode.html>.

Passthrough devices cannot be simultaneously used by the host and its guest domains, nor by multiple
active guests at once. If the <hostdev> description of a PCI device includes the attribute
managed='yes', and the hypervisor driver supports it, then the device is in managed mode, and attempts to
use that passthrough device in an active guest will automatically behave as if nodedev-detach (guest
start, device hot-plug) and nodedev-reattach (guest stop, device hot-unplug) were called at the right
points. If a PCI device is not marked as managed, then it must manually be detached before guests can
use it, and manually reattached to be returned to the host. Also, if a device is manually detached, then
the host does not regain control of the device without a matching reattach, even if the guests use the
device in managed mode.

nodedev-create FILE
Create a device on the host node that can then be assigned to virtual machines. Normally, libvirt is
able to automatically determine which host nodes are available for use, but this allows registration
of host hardware that libvirt did not automatically detect. file contains xml for a top-level
<device> description of a node device.

nodedev-destroy device
Destroy (stop) a device on the host. device can be either device name or wwn pair in "wwnn,wwpn"
format (only works for vHBA currently). Note that this makes libvirt quit managing a host device,
and may even make that device unusable by the rest of the physical host until a reboot.

nodedev-detach nodedev [--driver backend_driver]
Detach nodedev from the host, so that it can safely be used by guests via <hostdev> passthrough.
This is reversed with nodedev-reattach, and is done automatically for managed devices. For
compatibility purposes, this command can also be spelled nodedev-dettach.

Different backend drivers expect the device to be bound to different dummy devices. For example,
QEMU's "kvm" backend driver (the default) expects the device to be bound to pci-stub, but its "vfio"
backend driver expects the device to be bound to vfio-pci. The --driver parameter can be used to
specify the desired backend driver.

nodedev-dumpxml device
Dump a <device> XML representation for the given node device, including such information as the
device name, which bus owns the device, the vendor and product id, and any capabilities of the device
usable by libvirt (such as whether device reset is supported). device can be either device name or
wwn pair in "wwnn,wwpn" format (only works for HBA).

nodedev-list cap --tree
List all of the devices available on the node that are known by libvirt. cap is used to filter the
list by capability types, the types must be separated by comma, e.g. --cap pci,scsi, valid capability
types include 'system', 'pci', 'usb_device', 'usb', 'net', 'scsi_host', 'scsi_target', 'scsi',
'storage', 'fc_host', 'vports', 'scsi_generic'. If --tree is used, the output is formatted in a tree
representing parents of each node. cap and --tree are mutually exclusive.

nodedev-reattach nodedev
Declare that nodedev is no longer in use by any guests, and that the host can resume normal use of
the device. This is done automatically for PCI devices in managed mode and USB devices, but must be
done explicitly to match any explicit nodedev-detach.

nodedev-reset nodedev
Trigger a device reset for nodedev, useful prior to transferring a node device between guest
passthrough or the host. Libvirt will often do this action implicitly when required, but this
command allows an explicit reset when needed.

VIRTUAL NETWORK COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate networks. Libvirt has the capability to define virtual networks which
can then be used by domains and linked to actual network devices. For more detailed information about
this feature see the documentation at <http://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html> . Many of the commands for
virtual networks are similar to the ones used for domains, but the way to name a virtual network is
either by its name or UUID.

net-autostart network [--disable]
Configure a virtual network to be automatically started at boot. The --disable option disable
autostarting.

net-create file
Create a transient (temporary) virtual network from an XML file and instantiate (start) the network.
See the documentation at <http://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html> to get a description of the XML
network format used by libvirt.

net-define file
Define an inactive persistent virtual network or modify an existing persistent one from the XML file.

net-destroy network
Destroy (stop) a given transient or persistent virtual network specified by its name or UUID. This
takes effect immediately.

net-dumpxml network [--inactive]
Output the virtual network information as an XML dump to stdout. If --inactive is specified, then
physical functions are not expanded into their associated virtual functions.

net-edit network
Edit the XML configuration file for a network.

This is equivalent to:

virsh net-dumpxml --inactive network > network.xml
vi network.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh net-define network.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variables, and defaults to
"vi".

net-event {[network] event [--loop] [--timeout seconds] [--timestamp] | --list}
Wait for a class of network events to occur, and print appropriate details of events as they happen.
The events can optionally be filtered by network. Using --list as the only argument will provide a
list of possible event values known by this client, although the connection might not allow
registering for all these events.

When --timestamp is used, a human-readable timestamp will be printed before the event.

net-info network
Returns basic information about the network object.

net-list [--inactive | --all] { [--table] | --name | --uuid } [--persistent] [<--transient>]
[--autostart] [<--no-autostart>]
Returns the list of active networks, if --all is specified this will also include defined but
inactive networks, if --inactive is specified only the inactive ones will be listed. You may also
want to filter the returned networks by --persistent to list the persistent ones, --transient to list
the transient ones, --autostart to list the ones with autostart enabled, and --no-autostart to list
the ones with autostart disabled.

If --name is specified, network names are printed instead of the table formatted one per line. If
--uuid is specified network's UUID's are printed instead of names. Flag --table specifies that the
legacy table-formatted output should be used. This is the default. All of these are mutually
exclusive.

NOTE: When talking to older servers, this command is forced to use a series of API calls with an
inherent race, where a pool might not be listed or might appear more than once if it changed state
between calls while the list was being collected. Newer servers do not have this problem.

net-name network-UUID
Convert a network UUID to network name.

net-start network
Start a (previously defined) inactive network.

net-undefine network
Undefine the configuration for a persistent network. If the network is active, make it transient.

net-uuid network-name
Convert a network name to network UUID.

net-update network command section xml [--parent-index index] [[--live] [--config] | [--current]]
Update the given section of an existing network definition, with the changes optionally taking effect
immediately, without needing to destroy and re-start the network.

command is one of "add-first", "add-last", "add" (a synonym for add-last), "delete", or "modify".

section is one of "bridge", "domain", "ip", "ip-dhcp-host", "ip-dhcp-range", "forward", "forward-
interface", "forward-pf", "portgroup", "dns-host", "dns-txt", or "dns-srv", each section being named
by a concatenation of the xml element hierarchy leading to the element being changed. For example,
"ip-dhcp-host" will change a <host> element that is contained inside a <dhcp> element inside an <ip>
element of the network.

xml is either the text of a complete xml element of the type being changed (e.g. "<host
mac="00:11:22:33:44:55' ip='1.2.3.4'/>", or the name of a file that contains a complete xml element.
Disambiguation is done by looking at the first character of the provided text - if the first
character is "<", it is xml text, if the first character is not "<", it is the name of a file that
contains the xml text to be used.

The --parent-index option is used to specify which of several parent elements the requested element
is in (0-based). For example, a dhcp <host> element could be in any one of multiple <ip> elements in
the network; if a parent-index isn't provided, the "most appropriate" <ip> element will be selected
(usually the only one that already has a <dhcp> element), but if --parent-index is given, that
particular instance of <ip> will get the modification.

If --live is specified, affect a running network. If --config is specified, affect the next startup
of a persistent network. If --current is specified, affect the current network state. Both --live
and --config flags may be given, but --current is exclusive. Not specifying any flag is the same as
specifying --current.

net-dhcp-leases network [mac]
Get a list of dhcp leases for all network interfaces connected to the given virtual network or
limited output just for one interface if mac is specified.

INTERFACE COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate host interfaces. Often, these host interfaces can then be used by name
within domain <interface> elements (such as a system-created bridge interface), but there is no
requirement that host interfaces be tied to any particular guest configuration XML at all.

Many of the commands for host interfaces are similar to the ones used for domains, and the way to name an
interface is either by its name or its MAC address. However, using a MAC address for an iface argument
only works when that address is unique (if an interface and a bridge share the same MAC address, which is
often the case, then using that MAC address results in an error due to ambiguity, and you must resort to
a name instead).

iface-bridge interface bridge [--no-stp] [delay] [--no-start]
Create a bridge device named bridge, and attach the existing network device interface to the new
bridge. The new bridge defaults to starting immediately, with STP enabled and a delay of 0; these
settings can be altered with --no-stp, --no-start, and an integer number of seconds for delay. All IP
address configuration of interface will be moved to the new bridge device.

See also iface-unbridge for undoing this operation.

iface-define file
Define an inactive persistent physical host interface or modify an existing persistent one from the
XML file.

iface-destroy interface
Destroy (stop) a given host interface, such as by running "if-down" to disable that interface from
active use. This takes effect immediately.

iface-dumpxml interface [--inactive]
Output the host interface information as an XML dump to stdout. If --inactive is specified, then the
output reflects the persistent state of the interface that will be used the next time it is started.

iface-edit interface
Edit the XML configuration file for a host interface.

This is equivalent to:

virsh iface-dumpxml iface > iface.xml
vi iface.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh iface-define iface.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variables, and defaults to
"vi".

iface-list [--inactive | --all]
Returns the list of active host interfaces. If --all is specified this will also include defined but
inactive interfaces. If --inactive is specified only the inactive ones will be listed.

iface-name interface
Convert a host interface MAC to interface name, if the MAC address is unique among the host's
interfaces.

interface specifies the interface MAC address.

iface-mac interface
Convert a host interface name to MAC address.

interface specifies the interface name.

iface-start interface
Start a (previously defined) host interface, such as by running "if-up".

iface-unbridge bridge [--no-start]
Tear down a bridge device named bridge, releasing its underlying interface back to normal usage, and
moving all IP address configuration from the bridge device to the underlying device. The underlying
interface is restarted unless --no-start is present; this flag is present for symmetry, but generally
not recommended.

See also iface-bridge for creating a bridge.

iface-undefine interface
Undefine the configuration for an inactive host interface.

iface-begin
Create a snapshot of current host interface settings, which can later be committed (iface-commit) or
restored (iface-rollback). If a snapshot already exists, then this command will fail until the
previous snapshot has been committed or restored. Undefined behavior results if any external changes
are made to host interfaces outside of the libvirt API between the beginning of a snapshot and its
eventual commit or rollback.

iface-commit
Declare all changes since the last iface-begin as working, and delete the rollback point. If no
interface snapshot has already been started, then this command will fail.

iface-rollback
Revert all host interface settings back to the state recorded in the last iface-begin. If no
interface snapshot has already been started, then this command will fail. Rebooting the host also
serves as an implicit rollback point.

STORAGE POOL COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate storage pools. Libvirt has the capability to manage various storage
solutions, including files, raw partitions, and domain-specific formats, used to provide the storage
volumes visible as devices within virtual machines. For more detailed information about this feature, see
the documentation at <http://libvirt.org/formatstorage.html> . Many of the commands for pools are similar
to the ones used for domains.

find-storage-pool-sources type [srcSpec]
Returns XML describing all possible available storage pool sources that could be used to create or
define a storage pool of a given type. If srcSpec is provided, it is a file that contains XML to
further restrict the query for pools.

Not all storage pools support discovery in this manner. Furthermore, for those that do support
discovery, only specific XML elements are required in order to return valid data, while other
elements and even attributes of some elements are ignored since they are not necessary to find the
pool based on the search criteria. The following lists the supported type options and the expected
minimal XML elements used to perform the search.

For a "netfs" or "gluster" pool, the minimal expected XML required is the <host> element with a
"name" attribute describing the IP address or hostname to be used to find the pool. The "port"
attribute will be ignored as will any other provided XML elements in srcSpec.

For a "logical" pool, the contents of the srcSpec file are ignored, although if provided the file
must at least exist.

For an "iscsi" pool, the minimal expect XML required is the <host> element with a "name" attribute
describing the IP address or hostname to be used to find the pool (the iSCSI server address).
Optionally, the "port" attribute may be provided, although it will default to 3260. Optionally, an
<initiator> XML element with a "name" attribute may be provided to further restrict the iSCSI target
search to a specific initiator for multi-iqn iSCSI storage pools.

find-storage-pool-sources-as type [host] [port] [initiator]
Rather than providing srcSpec XML file for find-storage-pool-sources use this command option in order
to have virsh generate the query XML file using the optional arguments. The command will return the
same output XML as find-storage-pool-sources.

Use host to describe a specific host to use for networked storage, such as netfs, gluster, and iscsi
type pools.

Use port to further restrict which networked port to utilize for the connection if required by the
specific storage backend, such as iscsi.

Use initiator to further restrict the iscsi type pool searches to specific target initiators.

pool-autostart pool-or-uuid [--disable]
Configure whether pool should automatically start at boot.

pool-build pool-or-uuid [--overwrite] [--no-overwrite]
Build a given pool.

Options --overwrite and --no-overwrite can only be used for pool-build a filesystem or disk pool. For
a file system pool if neither of them is specified, pool-build makes the directory. If --no-overwrite
is specified, it probes to determine if a filesystem already exists on the target device, returning
an error if exists, or using mkfs to format the target device if not. If --overwrite is specified,
mkfs is always executed and any existing data on the target device is overwritten unconditionally.
For a disk pool, if neither of them is specified or --no-overwrite is specified, pool-build will use
'parted --print' in order to determine if the disk already has a label before attempting to create
one. Only if a disk does not already have one will a label be created. If --overwrite is specified or
it's been determined that the disk doesn't already have one, 'parted mklabel' will be used to create
a label of the format specified by the pool source format type or "dos" if not specified for the
pool.

pool-create file [--build] [[--overwrite] | [--no-overwrite]]
Create and start a pool object from the XML file.

[--build] [[--overwrite] | [--no-overwrite]] perform a pool-build after creation in order to remove
the need for a follow-up command to build the pool. The --overwrite and --no-overwrite flags follow
the same rules as pool-build. If just --build is provided, then pool-build is called with no flags.

pool-create-as name type [--print-xml] [--source-host hostname] [--source-path path] [--source-dev path]
[--source-name name] [--target path] [--source-format format] [--auth-type authtype --auth-username
username --secret-usage usage] [[--adapter-name name] | [--adapter-wwnn --adapter-wwpn] [--adapter-parent
parent]] [--build] [[--overwrite] | [--no-overwrite]]
Create and start a pool object name from the raw parameters. If --print-xml is specified, then print
the XML of the pool object without creating the pool. Otherwise, the pool has the specified type.
When using pool-create-as for a pool of type "disk", the existing partitions found on the
--source-dev path will be used to populate the disk pool. Therefore, it is suggested to use pool-
define-as and pool-build with the --overwrite in order to properly initialize the disk pool.

[--source-host hostname] provides the source hostname for pools backed by storage from a remote
server (pool types netfs, iscsi, rbd, sheepdog, gluster).

[--source-path path] provides the source directory path for pools backed by directories (pool type
dir).

[--source-dev path] provides the source path for pools backed by physical devices (pool types fs,
logical, disk, iscsi, zfs).

[--source-name name] provides the source name for pools backed by storage from a named element (pool
types logical, rbd, sheepdog, gluster).

[--target path] is the path for the mapping of the storage pool into the host file system.

[--source-format format] provides information about the format of the pool (pool types fs, netfs,
disk, logical).

[--auth-type authtype --auth-username username --secret-usage usage] provides the elements required
to generate authentication credentials for the storage pool. The authtype is either chap for iscsi
type pools or ceph for rbd type pools.

[--adapter-name name] defines the scsi_hostN adapter name to be used for the scsi_host adapter type
pool.

[--adapter-wwnn --adapter-wwpn [--adapter-parent parent]] defines the wwnn and wwpn to be used for
the fc_host adapter type pool. The parent optionally provides the name of the scsi_hostN node device
to be used for the vHBA.

pool-define file
Define an inactive persistent storage pool or modify an existing persistent one from the XML file.

pool-define-as name type [--print-xml] [--source-host hostname] [--source-path path] [--source-dev path]
[--source-name name] [--target path] [--source-format format] [--auth-type authtype --auth-username
username --secret-usage usage] [[--adapter-name name] | [--adapter-wwnn --adapter-wwpn] [--adapter-parent
parent]]
Create, but do not start, a pool object name from the raw parameters. If --print-xml is specified,
then print the XML of the pool object without defining the pool. Otherwise, the pool has the
specified type.

Use the same arguments as pool-create-as, except for the --build, --overwrite, and --no-overwrite
options.

pool-destroy pool-or-uuid
Destroy (stop) a given pool object. Libvirt will no longer manage the storage described by the pool
object, but the raw data contained in the pool is not changed, and can be later recovered with pool-
create.

pool-delete pool-or-uuid
Destroy the resources used by a given pool object. This operation is non-recoverable. The pool
object will still exist after this command, ready for the creation of new storage volumes.

pool-dumpxml [--inactive] pool-or-uuid
Returns the XML information about the pool object. --inactive tells virsh to dump pool configuration
that will be used on next start of the pool as opposed to the current pool configuration.

pool-edit pool-or-uuid
Edit the XML configuration file for a storage pool.

This is equivalent to:

virsh pool-dumpxml pool > pool.xml
vi pool.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh pool-define pool.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variables, and defaults to
"vi".

pool-info pool-or-uuid
Returns basic information about the pool object.

pool-list [--inactive] [--all] [--persistent] [--transient] [--autostart] [--no-autostart] [[--details]
[<type>]
List pool objects known to libvirt. By default, only active pools are listed; --inactive lists just
the inactive pools, and --all lists all pools.

In addition, there are several sets of filtering flags. --persistent is to list the persistent pools,
--transient is to list the transient pools. --autostart lists the autostarting pools, --no-autostart
lists the pools with autostarting disabled.

You may also want to list pools with specified types using type, the pool types must be separated by
comma, e.g. --type dir,disk. The valid pool types include 'dir', 'fs', 'netfs', 'logical', 'disk',
'iscsi', 'scsi', 'mpath', 'rbd', 'sheepdog' and 'gluster'.

The --details option instructs virsh to additionally display pool persistence and capacity related
information where available.

pool-name uuid
Convert the uuid to a pool name.

pool-refresh pool-or-uuid
Refresh the list of volumes contained in pool.

pool-start pool-or-uuid [--build] [[--overwrite] | [--no-overwrite]]
Start the storage pool, which is previously defined but inactive.

[--build] [[--overwrite] | [--no-overwrite]] perform a pool-build prior to pool-start to ensure the
pool environment is in an expected state rather than needing to run the build command prior to
startup. The --overwrite and --no-overwrite flags follow the same rules as pool-build. If just
--build is provided, then pool-build is called with no flags.

Note: A storage pool that relies on remote resources such as an "iscsi" or a (v)HBA backed "scsi"
pool may need to be refreshed multiple times in order to have all the volumes detected (see pool-
refresh). This is because the corresponding volume devices may not be present in the host's
filesystem during the initial pool startup or the current refresh attempt. The number of refresh
retries is dependent upon the network connection and the time the host takes to export the
corresponding devices.

pool-undefine pool-or-uuid
Undefine the configuration for an inactive pool.

pool-uuid pool
Returns the UUID of the named pool.

VOLUME COMMANDS

vol-create pool-or-uuid FILE [--prealloc-metadata]
Create a volume from an XML <file>. pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage pool to create
the volume in. FILE is the XML <file> with the volume definition. An easy way to create the XML
<file> is to use the vol-dumpxml command to obtain the definition of a pre-existing volume.
[--prealloc-metadata] preallocate metadata (for qcow2 images which don't support full allocation).
This option creates a sparse image file with metadata, resulting in higher performance compared to
images with no preallocation and only slightly higher initial disk space usage.

Example

virsh vol-dumpxml --pool storagepool1 appvolume1 > newvolume.xml
vi newvolume.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh vol-create differentstoragepool newvolume.xml

vol-create-from pool-or-uuid FILE [--inputpool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-key-or-path
[--prealloc-metadata] [--reflink]
Create a volume, using another volume as input. pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage pool
to create the volume in. FILE is the XML <file> with the volume definition. --inputpool pool-or-
uuid is the name or uuid of the storage pool the source volume is in. vol-name-or-key-or-path is the
name or key or path of the source volume. [--prealloc-metadata] preallocate metadata (for qcow2
images which don't support full allocation). This option creates a sparse image file with metadata,
resulting in higher performance compared to images with no preallocation and only slightly higher
initial disk space usage. When --reflink is specified, perform a COW lightweight copy, where the
data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible, the copy fails.

vol-create-as pool-or-uuid name capacity [--allocation size] [--format string] [--backing-vol vol-name-
or-key-or-path] [--backing-vol-format string] [--prealloc-metadata]
Create a volume from a set of arguments. pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage pool to
create the volume in. name is the name of the new volume. For a disk pool, this must match the
partition name as determined from the pool's source device path and the next available partition. For
example, a source device path of /dev/sdb and there are no partitions on the disk, then the name must
be sdb1 with the next name being sdb2 and so on. capacity is the size of the volume to be created,
as a scaled integer (see NOTES above), defaulting to bytes if there is no suffix. --allocation size
is the initial size to be allocated in the volume, also as a scaled integer defaulting to bytes.
--format string is used in file based storage pools to specify the volume file format to use; raw,
bochs, qcow, qcow2, vmdk, qed. Use extended for disk storage pools in order to create an extended
partition (other values are validity checked but not preserved when libvirtd is restarted or the pool
is refreshed). --backing-vol vol-name-or-key-or-path is the source backing volume to be used if
taking a snapshot of an existing volume. --backing-vol-format string is the format of the snapshot
backing volume; raw, bochs, qcow, qcow2, qed, vmdk, host_device. These are, however, meant for file
based storage pools. [--prealloc-metadata] preallocate metadata (for qcow2 images which don't
support full allocation). This option creates a sparse image file with metadata, resulting in higher
performance compared to images with no preallocation and only slightly higher initial disk space
usage.

vol-clone [--pool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-key-or-path name [--prealloc-metadata] [--reflink]
Clone an existing volume. Less powerful, but easier to type, version of vol-create-from. --pool
pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage pool to create the volume in. vol-name-or-key-or-
path is the name or key or path of the source volume. name is the name of the new volume.
[--prealloc-metadata] preallocate metadata (for qcow2 images which don't support full allocation).
This option creates a sparse image file with metadata, resulting in higher performance compared to
images with no preallocation and only slightly higher initial disk space usage. When --reflink is
specified, perform a COW lightweight copy, where the data blocks are copied only when modified. If
this is not possible, the copy fails.

vol-delete [--pool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-key-or-path [--delete-snapshots]
Delete a given volume. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume is in.
vol-name-or-key-or-path is the name or key or path of the volume to delete.

The --delete-snapshots flag specifies that any snapshots associated with the storage volume should be
deleted as well. Not all storage drivers support this option, presently only rbd.

vol-upload [--pool pool-or-uuid] [--offset bytes] [--length bytes] vol-name-or-key-or-path local-file
Upload the contents of local-file to a storage volume. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of
the storage pool the volume is in. vol-name-or-key-or-path is the name or key or path of the volume
where the file will be uploaded. --offset is the position in the storage volume at which to start
writing the data. The value must be 0 or larger. --length is an upper bound of the amount of data to
be uploaded. A negative value is interpreted as an unsigned long long value to essentially include
everything from the offset to the end of the volume. An error will occur if the local-file is
greater than the specified length. See the description for the libvirt virStorageVolUpload API for
details regarding possible target volume and pool changes as a result of the pool refresh when the
upload is attempted.

vol-download [--pool pool-or-uuid] [--offset bytes] [--length bytes] vol-name-or-key-or-path local-file
Download the contents of a storage volume to local-file. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of
the storage pool the volume is in. vol-name-or-key-or-path is the name or key or path of the volume
to download. --offset is the position in the storage volume at which to start reading the data. The
value must be 0 or larger. --length is an upper bound of the amount of data to be downloaded. A
negative value is interpreted as an unsigned long long value to essentially include everything from
the offset to the end of the volume.

vol-wipe [--pool pool-or-uuid] [--algorithm algorithm] vol-name-or-key-or-path
Wipe a volume, ensure data previously on the volume is not accessible to future reads. --pool pool-
or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume is in. vol-name-or-key-or-path is the
name or key or path of the volume to wipe. It is possible to choose different wiping algorithms
instead of re-writing volume with zeroes. This can be done via --algorithm switch.

Supported algorithms
zero - 1-pass all zeroes
nnsa - 4-pass NNSA Policy Letter NAP-14.1-C (XVI-8) for
sanitizing removable and non-removable hard disks:
random x2, 0x00, verify.
dod - 4-pass DoD 5220.22-M section 8-306 procedure for
sanitizing removable and non-removable rigid
disks: random, 0x00, 0xff, verify.
bsi - 9-pass method recommended by the German Center of
Security in Information Technologies
(http://www.bsi.bund.de): 0xff, 0xfe, 0xfd, 0xfb,
0xf7, 0xef, 0xdf, 0xbf, 0x7f.
gutmann - The canonical 35-pass sequence described in
Gutmann's paper.
schneier - 7-pass method described by Bruce Schneier in
"Applied Cryptography" (1996): 0x00, 0xff,
random x5.
pfitzner7 - Roy Pfitzner's 7-random-pass method: random x7.
pfitzner33 - Roy Pfitzner's 33-random-pass method: random x33.
random - 1-pass pattern: random.

Note: The availability of algorithms may be limited by the version of the "scrub" binary installed on
the host.

vol-dumpxml [--pool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-key-or-path
Output the volume information as an XML dump to stdout. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of
the storage pool the volume is in. vol-name-or-key-or-path is the name or key or path of the volume
to output the XML of.

vol-info [--pool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-key-or-path
Returns basic information about the given storage volume. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of
the storage pool the volume is in. vol-name-or-key-or-path is the name or key or path of the volume
to return information for.

vol-list [--pool pool-or-uuid] [--details]
Return the list of volumes in the given storage pool. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the
storage pool. The --details option instructs virsh to additionally display volume type and capacity
related information where available.

vol-pool [--uuid] vol-key-or-path
Return the pool name or UUID for a given volume. By default, the pool name is returned. If the --uuid
option is given, the pool UUID is returned instead. vol-key-or-path is the key or path of the volume
to return the pool information for.

vol-path [--pool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-key
Return the path for a given volume. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage pool the
volume is in. vol-name-or-key is the name or key of the volume to return the path for.

vol-name vol-key-or-path
Return the name for a given volume. vol-key-or-path is the key or path of the volume to return the
name for.

vol-key [--pool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-path
Return the volume key for a given volume. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the storage
pool the volume is in. vol-name-or-path is the name or path of the volume to return the volume key
for.

vol-resize [--pool pool-or-uuid] vol-name-or-path pool-or-uuid capacity [--allocate] [--delta] [--shrink]
Resize the capacity of the given volume, in bytes. --pool pool-or-uuid is the name or UUID of the
storage pool the volume is in. vol-name-or-key-or-path is the name or key or path of the volume to
resize. The new capacity might be sparse unless --allocate is specified. Normally, capacity is the
new size, but if --delta is present, then it is added to the existing size. Attempts to shrink the
volume will fail unless --shrink is present; capacity cannot be negative unless --shrink is provided,
but a negative sign is not necessary. capacity is a scaled integer (see NOTES above), which defaults
to bytes if there is no suffix. This command is only safe for storage volumes not in use by an
active guest; see also blockresize for live resizing.

SECRET COMMANDS

       The  following  commands manipulate "secrets" (e.g. passwords, passphrases and encryption keys).  Libvirt
       can store secrets independently from their use, and other objects (e.g. volumes or domains) can refer  to
       the  secrets  for  encryption  or  possibly  other  uses.   Secrets  are  identified  using  a UUID.  See
       <http://libvirt.org/formatsecret.html> for documentation of the XML format used to  represent  properties
       of secrets.

       secret-define file
           Create a secret with the properties specified in file, with no associated secret value.  If file does
           not  specify  a  UUID,  choose  one  automatically.   If file specifies a UUID of an existing secret,
           replace its properties by properties defined in file, without affecting the secret value.

       secret-dumpxml secret
           Output properties of secret (specified by its UUID) as an XML dump to stdout.

       secret-set-value secret base64
           Set the value associated with secret (specified by  its  UUID)  to  the  value  Base64-encoded  value
           base64.

       secret-get-value secret
           Output the value associated with secret (specified by its UUID) to stdout, encoded using Base64.

       secret-undefine secret
           Delete a secret (specified by its UUID), including the associated value, if any.

       secret-list [--ephemeral] [--no-ephemeral] [--private] [--no-private]
           Returns  the list of secrets. You may also want to filter the returned secrets by --ephemeral to list
           the ephemeral ones, --no-ephemeral to list the non-ephemeral ones,  --private  to  list  the  private
           ones, and --no-private to list the non-private ones.

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate domain snapshots. Snapshots take the disk, memory, and device state of
a domain at a point-of-time, and save it for future use. They have many uses, from saving a "clean" copy
of an OS image to saving a domain's state before a potentially destructive operation. Snapshots are
identified with a unique name. See <http://libvirt.org/formatsnapshot.html> for documentation of the XML
format used to represent properties of snapshots.

snapshot-create domain [xmlfile] {[--redefine [--current]] | [--no-metadata] [--halt] [--disk-only]
[--reuse-external] [--quiesce] [--atomic] [--live]}
Create a snapshot for domain domain with the properties specified in xmlfile. Normally, the only
properties settable for a domain snapshot are the <name> and <description> elements, as well as
<disks> if --disk-only is given; the rest of the fields are ignored, and automatically filled in by
libvirt. If xmlfile is completely omitted, then libvirt will choose a value for all fields. The new
snapshot will become current, as listed by snapshot-current.

If --halt is specified, the domain will be left in an inactive state after the snapshot is created.

If --disk-only is specified, the snapshot will only include disk state rather than the usual system
checkpoint with vm state. Disk snapshots are faster than full system checkpoints, but reverting to a
disk snapshot may require fsck or journal replays, since it is like the disk state at the point when
the power cord is abruptly pulled; and mixing --halt and --disk-only loses any data that was not
flushed to disk at the time.

If --redefine is specified, then all XML elements produced by snapshot-dumpxml are valid; this can be
used to migrate snapshot hierarchy from one machine to another, to recreate hierarchy for the case of
a transient domain that goes away and is later recreated with the same name and UUID, or to make
slight alterations in the snapshot metadata (such as host-specific aspects of the domain XML embedded
in the snapshot). When this flag is supplied, the xmlfile argument is mandatory, and the domain's
current snapshot will not be altered unless the --current flag is also given.

If --no-metadata is specified, then the snapshot data is created, but any metadata is immediately
discarded (that is, libvirt does not treat the snapshot as current, and cannot revert to the snapshot
unless --redefine is later used to teach libvirt about the metadata again).

If --reuse-external is specified, and the snapshot XML requests an external snapshot with a
destination of an existing file, then the destination must exist and be pre-created with correct
format and metadata. The file is then reused; otherwise, a snapshot is refused to avoid losing
contents of the existing files.

If --quiesce is specified, libvirt will try to use guest agent to freeze and unfreeze domain's
mounted file systems. However, if domain has no guest agent, snapshot creation will fail. Currently,
this requires --disk-only to be passed as well.

If --atomic is specified, libvirt will guarantee that the snapshot either succeeds, or fails with no
changes; not all hypervisors support this. If this flag is not specified, then some hypervisors may
fail after partially performing the action, and dumpxml must be used to see whether any partial
changes occurred.

If --live is specified, libvirt takes the snapshot while the guest is running. This increases the
size of the memory image of the external checkpoint. This is currently supported only for external
checkpoints.

Existence of snapshot metadata will prevent attempts to undefine a persistent domain. However, for
transient domains, snapshot metadata is silently lost when the domain quits running (whether by
command such as destroy or by internal guest action).

snapshot-create-as domain {[--print-xml] | [--no-metadata] [--halt] [--reuse-external]} [name]
[description] [--disk-only [--quiesce]] [--atomic] [[--live] [--memspec memspec]] [--diskspec]
diskspec]...
Create a snapshot for domain domain with the given <name> and <description>; if either value is
omitted, libvirt will choose a value. If --print-xml is specified, then XML appropriate for
snapshot-create is output, rather than actually creating a snapshot. Otherwise, if --halt is
specified, the domain will be left in an inactive state after the snapshot is created, and if
--disk-only is specified, the snapshot will not include vm state.

The --memspec option can be used to control whether a checkpoint is internal or external. The
--memspec flag is mandatory, followed by a memspec of the form [file=]name[,snapshot=type], where
type can be no, internal, or external. To include a literal comma in file=name, escape it with a
second comma. --memspec cannot be used together with --disk-only.

The --diskspec option can be used to control how --disk-only and external checkpoints create external
files. This option can occur multiple times, according to the number of <disk> elements in the
domain xml. Each <diskspec> is in the form disk[,snapshot=type][,driver=type][,file=name]. A
diskspec must be provided for disks backed by block devices as libvirt doesn't auto-generate file
names for those. To include a literal comma in disk or in file=name, escape it with a second comma.
A literal --diskspec must precede each diskspec unless all three of domain, name, and description are
also present. For example, a diskspec of "vda,snapshot=external,file=/path/to,,new" results in the
following XML:
<disk name='vda' snapshot='external'>
<source file='/path/to,new'/>
</disk>

If --reuse-external is specified, and the domain XML or diskspec option requests an external snapshot
with a destination of an existing file, then the destination must exist and be pre-created with
correct format and metadata. The file is then reused; otherwise, a snapshot is refused to avoid
losing contents of the existing files.

If --no-metadata is specified, then the snapshot data is created, but any metadata is immediately
discarded (that is, libvirt does not treat the snapshot as current, and cannot revert to the snapshot
unless snapshot-create is later used to teach libvirt about the metadata again). This flag is
incompatible with --print-xml.

snapshot-current domain {[--name] | [--security-info] | [snapshotname]}
Without snapshotname, this will output the snapshot XML for the domain's current snapshot (if any).
If --name is specified, just the current snapshot name instead of the full xml. Otherwise, using
--security-info will also include security sensitive information in the XML.

With snapshotname, this is a request to make the existing named snapshot become the current snapshot,
without reverting the domain.

snapshot-edit domain [snapshotname] [--current] {[--rename] | [--clone]}
Edit the XML configuration file for snapshotname of a domain. If both snapshotname and --current are
specified, also force the edited snapshot to become the current snapshot. If snapshotname is
omitted, then --current must be supplied, to edit the current snapshot.

This is equivalent to:

virsh snapshot-dumpxml dom name > snapshot.xml
vi snapshot.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh snapshot-create dom snapshot.xml --redefine [--current]

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variables, and defaults to
"vi".

If --rename is specified, then the edits can change the snapshot name. If --clone is specified, then
changing the snapshot name will create a clone of the snapshot metadata. If neither is specified,
then the edits must not change the snapshot name. Note that changing a snapshot name must be done
with care, since the contents of some snapshots, such as internal snapshots within a single qcow2
file, are accessible only from the original name.

snapshot-info domain {snapshot | --current}
Output basic information about a named <snapshot>, or the current snapshot with --current.

snapshot-list domain [--metadata] [--no-metadata] [{--parent | --roots | [{--tree | --name}]}] [{[--from]
snapshot | --current} [--descendants]] [--leaves] [--no-leaves] [--inactive] [--active] [--disk-only]
[--internal] [--external]
List all of the available snapshots for the given domain, defaulting to show columns for the snapshot
name, creation time, and domain state.

If --parent is specified, add a column to the output table giving the name of the parent of each
snapshot. If --roots is specified, the list will be filtered to just snapshots that have no parents.
If --tree is specified, the output will be in a tree format, listing just snapshot names. These
three options are mutually exclusive. If --name is specified only the snapshot name is printed. This
option is mutually exclusive with --tree.

If --from is provided, filter the list to snapshots which are children of the given snapshot; or if
--current is provided, start at the current snapshot. When used in isolation or with --parent, the
list is limited to direct children unless --descendants is also present. When used with --tree, the
use of --descendants is implied. This option is not compatible with --roots. Note that the starting
point of --from or --current is not included in the list unless the --tree option is also present.

If --leaves is specified, the list will be filtered to just snapshots that have no children.
Likewise, if --no-leaves is specified, the list will be filtered to just snapshots with children.
(Note that omitting both options does no filtering, while providing both options will either produce
the same list or error out depending on whether the server recognizes the flags). Filtering options
are not compatible with --tree.

If --metadata is specified, the list will be filtered to just snapshots that involve libvirt
metadata, and thus would prevent undefine of a persistent domain, or be lost on destroy of a
transient domain. Likewise, if --no-metadata is specified, the list will be filtered to just
snapshots that exist without the need for libvirt metadata.

If --inactive is specified, the list will be filtered to snapshots that were taken when the domain
was shut off. If --active is specified, the list will be filtered to snapshots that were taken when
the domain was running, and where the snapshot includes the memory state to revert to that running
state. If --disk-only is specified, the list will be filtered to snapshots that were taken when the
domain was running, but where the snapshot includes only disk state.

If --internal is specified, the list will be filtered to snapshots that use internal storage of
existing disk images. If --external is specified, the list will be filtered to snapshots that use
external files for disk images or memory state.

snapshot-dumpxml domain snapshot [--security-info]
Output the snapshot XML for the domain's snapshot named snapshot. Using --security-info will also
include security sensitive information. Use snapshot-current to easily access the XML of the current
snapshot.

snapshot-parent domain {snapshot | --current}
Output the name of the parent snapshot, if any, for the given snapshot, or for the current snapshot
with --current.

snapshot-revert domain {snapshot | --current} [{--running | --paused}] [--force]
Revert the given domain to the snapshot specified by snapshot, or to the current snapshot with
--current. Be aware that this is a destructive action; any changes in the domain since the last
snapshot was taken will be lost. Also note that the state of the domain after snapshot-revert is
complete will be the state of the domain at the time the original snapshot was taken.

Normally, reverting to a snapshot leaves the domain in the state it was at the time the snapshot was
created, except that a disk snapshot with no vm state leaves the domain in an inactive state.
Passing either the --running or --paused flag will perform additional state changes (such as booting
an inactive domain, or pausing a running domain). Since transient domains cannot be inactive, it is
required to use one of these flags when reverting to a disk snapshot of a transient domain.

There are two cases where a snapshot revert involves extra risk, which requires the use of --force to
proceed. One is the case of a snapshot that lacks full domain information for reverting
configuration (such as snapshots created prior to libvirt 0.9.5); since libvirt cannot prove that the
current configuration matches what was in use at the time of the snapshot, supplying --force assures
libvirt that the snapshot is compatible with the current configuration (and if it is not, the domain
will likely fail to run). The other is the case of reverting from a running domain to an active
state where a new hypervisor has to be created rather than reusing the existing hypervisor, because
it implies drawbacks such as breaking any existing VNC or Spice connections; this condition happens
with an active snapshot that uses a provably incompatible configuration, as well as with an inactive
snapshot that is combined with the --start or --pause flag.

snapshot-delete domain {snapshot | --current} [--metadata] [{--children | --children-only}]
Delete the snapshot for the domain named snapshot, or the current snapshot with --current. If this
snapshot has child snapshots, changes from this snapshot will be merged into the children. If
--children is passed, then delete this snapshot and any children of this snapshot. If
--children-only is passed, then delete any children of this snapshot, but leave this snapshot intact.
These two flags are mutually exclusive.

If --metadata is specified, then only delete the snapshot metadata maintained by libvirt, while
leaving the snapshot contents intact for access by external tools; otherwise deleting a snapshot also
removes the data contents from that point in time.

NWFILTER COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate network filters. Network filters allow filtering of the network traffic
coming from and going to virtual machines. Individual network traffic filters are written in XML and may
contain references to other network filters, describe traffic filtering rules, or contain both. Network
filters are referenced by virtual machines from within their interface description. A network filter may
be referenced by multiple virtual machines' interfaces.

nwfilter-define xmlfile
Make a new network filter known to libvirt. If a network filter with the same name already exists, it
will be replaced with the new XML. Any running virtual machine referencing this network filter will
have its network traffic rules adapted. If for any reason the network traffic filtering rules cannot
be instantiated by any of the running virtual machines, then the new XML will be rejected.

nwfilter-undefine nwfilter-name
Delete a network filter. The deletion will fail if any running virtual machine is currently using
this network filter.

nwfilter-list
List all of the available network filters.

nwfilter-dumpxml nwfilter-name
Output the network filter XML.

nwfilter-edit nwfilter-name
Edit the XML of a network filter.

This is equivalent to:

virsh nwfilter-dumpxml myfilter > myfilter.xml
vi myfilter.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
virsh nwfilter-define myfilter.xml

except that it does some error checking. The new network filter may be rejected due to the same
reason as mentioned in nwfilter-define.

The editor used can be supplied by the $VISUAL or $EDITOR environment variables, and defaults to
"vi".

HYPERVISOR-SPECIFIC COMMANDS

NOTE: Use of the following commands is strongly discouraged. They can cause libvirt to become confused
and do the wrong thing on subsequent operations. Once you have used these commands, please do not report
problems to the libvirt developers; the reports will be ignored. If you find that these commands are the
only way to accomplish something, then it is better to request that the feature be added as a first-class
citizen in the regular libvirt library.

qemu-attach pid
Attach an externally launched QEMU process to the libvirt QEMU driver. The QEMU process must have
been created with a monitor connection using the UNIX driver. Ideally the process will also have had
the '-name' argument specified.

$ qemu-kvm -cdrom ~/demo.iso \
-monitor unix:/tmp/demo,server,nowait \
-name foo \
-uuid cece4f9f-dff0-575d-0e8e-01fe380f12ea &
$ QEMUPID=$!
$ virsh qemu-attach $QEMUPID

Not all functions of libvirt are expected to work reliably after attaching to an externally launched
QEMU process. There may be issues with the guest ABI changing upon migration and device hotplug or
hotunplug may not work. The attached environment should be considered primarily read-only.

qemu-monitor-command domain { [--hmp] | [--pretty] } command...
Send an arbitrary monitor command command to domain domain through the qemu monitor. The results of
the command will be printed on stdout. If --hmp is passed, the command is considered to be a human
monitor command and libvirt will automatically convert it into QMP if needed. In that case the
result will also be converted back from QMP. If --pretty is given, and the monitor uses QMP, then
the output will be pretty-printed. If more than one argument is provided for command, they are
concatenated with a space in between before passing the single command to the monitor.

qemu-agent-command domain [--timeout seconds | --async | --block] command...
Send an arbitrary guest agent command command to domain domain through qemu agent. --timeout,
--async and --block options are exclusive. --timeout requires timeout seconds seconds and it must be
positive. When --aysnc is given, the command waits for timeout whether success or failed. And when
--block is given, the command waits forever with blocking timeout.

qemu-monitor-event [domain] [--event event-name] [--loop] [--timeout seconds] [--pretty] [--regex]
[--no-case] [--timestamp]
Wait for arbitrary QEMU monitor events to occur, and print out the details of events as they happen.
The events can optionally be filtered by domain or event-name. The 'query-events' QMP command can be
used via qemu-monitor-command to learn what events are supported. If --regex is used, event-name is
a basic regular expression instead of a literal string. If --no-case is used, event-name will match
case-insensitively.

When --timestamp is used, a human-readable timestamp will be printed before the event, and the timing
information provided by QEMU will be omitted.

lxc-enter-namespace domain -- /path/to/binary [arg1, [arg2, ...]]
Enter the namespace of domain and execute the command "/path/to/binary" passing the requested args.
The binary path is relative to the container root filesystem, not the host root filesystem. The
binary will inherit the environment variables / console visible to virsh. This command only works
when connected to the LXC hypervisor driver. This command succeeds only if "/path/to/binary" has 0
exit status.

ENVIRONMENT

The following environment variables can be set to alter the behaviour of "virsh"

VIRSH_DEBUG=<0 to 4>
Turn on verbose debugging of virsh commands. Valid levels are

• VIRSH_DEBUG=0

DEBUG - Messages at ALL levels get logged

• VIRSH_DEBUG=1

INFO - Logs messages at levels INFO, NOTICE, WARNING and ERROR

• VIRSH_DEBUG=2

NOTICE - Logs messages at levels NOTICE, WARNING and ERROR

• VIRSH_DEBUG=3

WARNING - Logs messages at levels WARNING and ERROR

• VIRSH_DEBUG=4

ERROR - Messages at only ERROR level gets logged.

VIRSH_LOG_FILE="LOGFILE"
The file to log virsh debug messages.

VIRSH_DEFAULT_CONNECT_URI
The hypervisor to connect to by default. Set this to a URI, in the same format as accepted by the
connect option. This environment variable is deprecated in favour of the global LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI
variable which serves the same purpose.

LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI
The hypervisor to connect to by default. Set this to a URI, in the same format as accepted by the
connect option. This overrides the default URI set in any client config file and prevents libvirt
from probing for drivers.

VISUAL
The editor to use by the edit and related options.

EDITOR
The editor to use by the edit and related options, if "VISUAL" is not set.

VIRSH_HISTSIZE
The number of commands to remember in the command history. The default value is 500.

LIBVIRT_DEBUG=LEVEL
Turn on verbose debugging of all libvirt API calls. Valid levels are

• LIBVIRT_DEBUG=1

Messages at level DEBUG or above

• LIBVIRT_DEBUG=2

Messages at level INFO or above

• LIBVIRT_DEBUG=3

Messages at level WARNING or above

• LIBVIRT_DEBUG=4

Messages at level ERROR or above

For further information about debugging options consult "http://libvirt.org/logging.html"

BUGS

       Report    any    bugs    discovered    to    the    libvirt    community    via    the    mailing    list
       "http://libvirt.org/contact.html" or bug tracker  "http://libvirt.org/bugs.html".   Alternatively  report
       bugs to your software distributor / vendor.

AUTHORS

         Please refer to the AUTHORS file distributed with libvirt.

         Based on the xm man page by:
         Sean Dague <sean at dague dot net>
         Daniel Stekloff <dsteklof at us dot ibm dot com>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright (C) 2005, 2007-2015 Red Hat, Inc., and the authors listed in the libvirt AUTHORS file.

LICENSE

       virsh  is  distributed  under  the  terms of the GNU LGPL v2+.  This is free software; see the source for
       copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even  for  MERCHANTABILITY  or  FITNESS  FOR  A  PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

NOTES

GENERIC COMMANDS

DOMAIN COMMANDS

DEVICE COMMANDS

NODEDEV COMMANDS

VIRTUAL NETWORK COMMANDS

INTERFACE COMMANDS

STORAGE POOL COMMANDS

VOLUME COMMANDS

SECRET COMMANDS

SNAPSHOT COMMANDS

NWFILTER COMMANDS

HYPERVISOR-SPECIFIC COMMANDS

ENVIRONMENT

BUGS

AUTHORS

COPYRIGHT

LICENSE

SEE ALSO