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NAME
epoll_ctl - control interface for an epoll descriptor
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/epoll.h>
int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);
DESCRIPTION
This system call performs control operations on the epoll(7) instance referred to by the file descriptor epfd. It requests that the operation op be performed for the target file descriptor, fd. Valid values for the op argument are: EPOLL_CTL_ADD Register the target file descriptor fd on the epoll instance referred to by the file descriptor epfd and associate the event event with the internal file linked to fd. EPOLL_CTL_MOD Change the event event associated with the target file descriptor fd. EPOLL_CTL_DEL Remove (deregister) the target file descriptor fd from the epoll instance referred to by epfd. The event is ignored and can be NULL (but see BUGS below). The event argument describes the object linked to the file descriptor fd. The struct epoll_event is defined as: typedef union epoll_data { void *ptr; int fd; uint32_t u32; uint64_t u64; } epoll_data_t; struct epoll_event { uint32_t events; /* Epoll events */ epoll_data_t data; /* User data variable */ }; The events member is a bit mask composed using the following available event types: EPOLLIN The associated file is available for read(2) operations. EPOLLOUT The associated file is available for write(2) operations. EPOLLRDHUP (since Linux 2.6.17) Stream socket peer closed connection, or shut down writing half of connection. (This flag is especially useful for writing simple code to detect peer shutdown when using Edge Triggered monitoring.) EPOLLPRI There is urgent data available for read(2) operations. EPOLLERR Error condition happened on the associated file descriptor. epoll_wait(2) will always wait for this event; it is not necessary to set it in events. EPOLLHUP Hang up happened on the associated file descriptor. epoll_wait(2) will always wait for this event; it is not necessary to set it in events. Note that when reading from a channel such as a pipe or a stream socket, this event merely indicates that the peer closed its end of the channel. Subsequent reads from the channel will return 0 (end of file) only after all outstanding data in the channel has been consumed. EPOLLET Sets the Edge Triggered behavior for the associated file descriptor. The default behavior for epoll is Level Triggered. See epoll(7) for more detailed information about Edge and Level Triggered event distribution architectures. EPOLLONESHOT (since Linux 2.6.2) Sets the one-shot behavior for the associated file descriptor. This means that after an event is pulled out with epoll_wait(2) the associated file descriptor is internally disabled and no other events will be reported by the epoll interface. The user must call epoll_ctl() with EPOLL_CTL_MOD to rearm the file descriptor with a new event mask. EPOLLWAKEUP (since Linux 3.5) If EPOLLONESHOT and EPOLLET are clear and the process has the CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND capability, ensure that the system does not enter "suspend" or "hibernate" while this event is pending or being processed. The event is considered as being "processed" from the time when it is returned by a call to epoll_wait(2) until the next call to epoll_wait(2) on the same epoll(7) file descriptor, the closure of that file descriptor, the removal of the event file descriptor with EPOLL_CTL_DEL, or the clearing of EPOLLWAKEUP for the event file descriptor with EPOLL_CTL_MOD. See also BUGS.
RETURN VALUE
When successful, epoll_ctl() returns zero. When an error occurs, epoll_ctl() returns -1 and errno is set
appropriately.
ERRORS
EBADF epfd or fd is not a valid file descriptor.
EEXIST op was EPOLL_CTL_ADD, and the supplied file descriptor fd is already registered with this epoll
instance.
EINVAL epfd is not an epoll file descriptor, or fd is the same as epfd, or the requested operation op is
not supported by this interface.
ENOENT op was EPOLL_CTL_MOD or EPOLL_CTL_DEL, and fd is not registered with this epoll instance.
ENOMEM There was insufficient memory to handle the requested op control operation.
ENOSPC The limit imposed by /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches was encountered while trying to register
(EPOLL_CTL_ADD) a new file descriptor on an epoll instance. See epoll(7) for further details.
EPERM The target file fd does not support epoll. This error can occur if fd refers to, for example, a
regular file or a directory.
VERSIONS
epoll_ctl() was added to the kernel in version 2.6.
CONFORMING TO
epoll_ctl() is Linux-specific. Library support is provided in glibc starting with version 2.3.2.
NOTES
The epoll interface supports all file descriptors that support poll(2).
BUGS
In kernel versions before 2.6.9, the EPOLL_CTL_DEL operation required a non-null pointer in event, even
though this argument is ignored. Since Linux 2.6.9, event can be specified as NULL when using
EPOLL_CTL_DEL. Applications that need to be portable to kernels before 2.6.9 should specify a non-null
pointer in event.
If EPOLLWAKEUP is specified in flags, but the caller does not have the CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND capability, then
the EPOLLWAKEUP flag is silently ignored. This unfortunate behavior is necessary because no validity
checks were performed on the flags argument in the original implementation, and the addition of the
EPOLLWAKEUP with a check that caused the call to fail if the caller did not have the CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
capability caused a breakage in at least one existing user-space application that happened to randomly
(and uselessly) specify this bit. A robust application should therefore double check that it has the
CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND capability if attempting to use the EPOLLWAKEUP flag.
SEE ALSO
epoll_create(2), epoll_wait(2), poll(2), epoll(7)
COLOPHON
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