Provided by: perl-tk_804.033-1build1_amd64 
NAME
Tk::Spinbox - Create and manipulate Spinbox widgets
SYNOPSIS
$spinbox = $parent->Spinbox(?options?);
-activebackground -highlightthickness -repeatinterval
-background -insertbackground -selectbackground
-borderwidth -insertborderwidth -selectborderwidth
-cursor -insertontime -selectforeground
-exportselection -insertwidth -takefocus
-font -insertofftime -textvariable
-foreground -justify -xscrollcommand
-highlightbackground -relief
-highlightcolor -repeatdelay
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
Option: -buttonbackground
Name: buttonBackground
Class: Background
The background color to be used for the spin buttons.
Option: -buttoncursor
Name: buttonCursor
Class: Cursor
The cursor to be used when over the spin buttons. If this is empty (the default), a
default cursor will be used.
Option: -buttondownrelief
Name: buttonDownRelief
Class: Relief
The relief to be used for the upper spin button.
Option: -buttonuprelief
Name: buttonUpRelief
Class: Relief
The relief to be used for the lower spin button.
Option: -command
Name: command
Class: Command
Specifies a Perl/Tk callback to invoke whenever a Spinbutton is invoked. The callback
has these two arguments appended to any existing callback arguments: the current value
of the widget and the direction of the button press (up or down).
Option: -disabledbackground
Name: disabledBackground
Class: DisabledBackground
Specifies the background color to use when the Spinbox is disabled. If this option is
the empty string, the normal background color is used.
Option: -disabledforeground
Name: disabledForeground
Class: DisabledForeground
Specifies the foreground color to use when the Spinbox is disabled. If this option is
the empty string, the normal foreground color is used.
Option: -format
Name: format
Class: Format
Specifies an alternate format to use when setting the string value when using the
-from and -to range. This must be a format specifier of the form %<pad>.<pad>f, as it
will format a floating-point number.
Option: -from
Name: from
Class: From
A floating-point value corresponding to the lowest value for a Spinbox, to be used in
conjunction with -to and -increment. When all are specified correctly, the Spinbox
will use these values to control its contents. This value must be less than the -to
option. If -values is specified, it supercedes this option.
Option: -invalidcommand
Alias: -invcmd
Name: invalidCommand
Class: InvalidCommand
Specifies a script to eval when validateCommand returns 0. Setting it to an empty
string disables this feature (the default). The best use of this option is to set it
to bell. See Validation below for more information.
Option: -increment
Name: increment
Class: Increment
A floating-point value specifying the increment. When used with -from and -to, the
value in the widget will be adjusted by -increment when a spin button is pressed (up
adds the value, down subtracts the value).
Option: -readonlybackground
Name: readonlyBackground
Class: ReadonlyBackground
Specifies the background color to use when the Spinbox is readonly. If this option is
the empty string, the normal background color is used.
Option: -state
Name: state
Class: State
Specifies one of three states for the Spinbox: normal, disabled, or readonly. If the
Spinbox is readonly, then the value may not be changed using methods and no insertion
cursor will be displayed, even if the input focus is in the widget; the contents of
the widget may still be selected. If the Spinbox is disabled, the value may not be
changed, no insertion cursor will be displayed, the contents will not be selectable,
and the Spinbox may be displayed in a different color, depending on the values of the
-disabledforeground and -disabledbackground options.
Option: -to
Name: to
Class: To
A floating-point value corresponding to the highest value for the Spinbox, to be used
in conjunction with -from and -increment. When all are specified correctly, the
Spinbox will use these values to control its contents. This value must be greater
than the -from option. If -values is specified, it supercedes this option.
Option: -validate
Name: validate
Class: Validate
Specifies the mode in which validation should operate: none, focus, focusin, focusout,
key, or all. It defaults to none. When you want validation, you must explicitly
state which mode you wish to use. See Validation below for more.
Option: -validatecommand
Alias: -vcmd
Name: validateCommand
Class: ValidateCommand
Specifies a script to evaluate when you want to validate the input in the widget.
Setting it to an empty string disables this feature (the default). Validation occurs
according to the value of -validate. This command must return a valid boolean value.
If it returns 0 (or the valid boolean equivalent) then the value of the widget will
not change and the invalidCommand will be evaluated if it is set. If it returns 1,
then value will be changed. See Validation below for more information.
Option: -values
Name: values
Class: Values
Must be a proper list value. If specified, the Spinbox will use these values as to
control its contents, starting with the first value. This option has precedence over
the -from and -to range.
Option: -width
Name: width
Class: Width
Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width of the Spinbox window, in
average-size characters of the widget's font. If the value is less than or equal to
zero, the widget picks a size just large enough to hold its current text.
Option: -wrap
Name: wrap
Class: Wrap
Must be a proper boolean value. If on, the Spinbox will wrap around the values of
data in the widget.
DESCRIPTION
The Spinbox method creates a new window (given by the $spinbox argument) and makes it into
a Spinbox widget. Additional options, described above, may be specified on the command
line or in the option database to configure aspects of the Spinbox such as its colors,
font, and relief.
A Spinbox is an extended Entry widget that allows he user to move, or spin, through a
fixed set of ascending or descending values such as times or dates in addition to editing
the value as in an entry. When first created, a Spinbox's string is empty. A portion of
the Spinbox may be selected as described below. If a Spinbox is exporting its selection
(see the exportSelection option), then it will observe the standard protocols for handling
the selection; Spinbox selections are available as type STRING. Spinboxes also observe
the standard Tk rules for dealing with the input focus. When a Spinbox has the input
focus it displays an insertion cursor to indicate where new characters will be inserted.
Spinboxes are capable of displaying strings that are too long to fit entirely within the
widget's window. In this case, only a portion of the string will be displayed; commands
described below may be used to change the view in the window. Spinboxes use the standard
-xscrollcommand mechanism for interacting with scrollbars (see the description of the
-xscrollcommand option for details). They also support scanning, as described below.
VALIDATION
Validation works by setting the validateCommand option to a callback which will be
evaluated according to the validate option as follows:
none
Default. This means no validation will occur.
focus
validateCommand will be called when the Spinbox receives or loses focus.
focusin
validateCommand will be called when the Spinbox receives focus.
focusout
validateCommand will be called when the Spinbox loses focus.
key validateCommand will be called when the Spinbox is edited.
all validateCommand will be called for all above conditions.
The validateCommand and invalidCommand callbacks are invoked with at least 5
positional arguments, which are appended to any already existing callback arguments:
• 1
The proposed value of the entry. If you are configuring the entry widget to have
a new textVariable, this will be the value of that textVariable.
• 2
The characters to be added (or deleted). This will be "undef" if validation is due
to focus, explcit call to validate or if change is due to "-textvariable"
changing.
• 3
The current value of entry i.e. before the proposed change.
• 4
The index of character string to be added/deleted, if any. Otherwise -1.
• 5
Type of action. 1 == INSERT, 0 == DELETE, -1 if it's a forced validation or
textVariable validation.
In general, the textVariable and validateCommand can be dangerous to mix. Any
problems have been overcome so that using the validateCommand will not interfere with
the traditional behavior of the Spinbox widget. Using the textVariable for read-only
purposes will never cause problems. The danger comes when you try set the
textVariable to something that the validateCommand would not accept, which causes
validate to become none (the invalidCommand will not be triggered). The same happens
when an error occurs evaluating the validateCommand.
Primarily, an error will occur when the validateCommand or invalidCommand encounters
an error in its script while evaluating or validateCommand does not return a valid
boolean value. The validate option will also set itself to none when you edit the
Spinbox widget from within either the validateCommand or the invalidCommand. Such
editions will override the one that was being validated. If you wish to edit the
value of the widget during validation and still have the validate option set, you
should include the command
my $val = $spinbox->cget(-validate);
$spinbox->configure(-validate => $val);
in the validateCommand or invalidCommand (whichever one you were editing the Spinbox
widget from). It is also recommended to not set an associated textVariable during
validation, as that can cause the Spinbox widget to become out of sync with the
textVariable.
WIDGET METHODS
The Spinbox command creates a widget object whose name is $widget. This command may be
used to invoke various operations on the widget. It has the following general form:
$widget->method(?arg arg ...?);
Many of the methods for Spinboxes take one or more indices as arguments. An index
specifies a particular character in the Spinbox's string, in any of the following ways:
number
Specifies the character as a numerical index, where 0 corresponds to the first
character in the string.
anchor
Indicates the anchor point for the selection, which is set with the select from and
select adjust methods.
end Indicates the character just after the last one in the Spinbox's string. This is
equivalent to specifying a numerical index equal to the length of the Spinbox's
string.
insert
Indicates the character adjacent to and immediately following the insertion cursor.
sel.first
Indicates the first character in the selection. It is an error to use this form if
the selection isn't in the Spinbox window.
sel.last
Indicates the character just after the last one in the selection. It is an error to
use this form if the selection isn't in the Spinbox window.
@number
In this form, number is treated as an x-coordinate in the Spinbox's window; the
character spanning that x-coordinate is used. For example, ``@0'' indicates the left-
most character in the window.
Abbreviations may be used for any of the forms above, e.g. ``e'' or ``sel.f''. In
general, out-of-range indices are automatically rounded to the nearest legal value.
The following commands are possible for Spinbox widgets:
$widget->bbox(index);
Returns a list of four numbers describing the bounding box of the character given by
index. The first two elements of the list give the x and y coordinates of the upper-
left corner of the screen area covered by the character (in pixels relative to the
widget) and the last two elements give the width and height of the character, in
pixels. The bounding box may refer to a region outside the visible area of the
window.
$widget->cget(option);
Returns the current value of the configuration option given by option. Option may
have any of the values accepted by the Spinbox command.
$widget->configure(?option?, ?value, option, value, ...?);
Query or modify the configuration options of the widget. If no option is specified,
returns a list describing all of the available options for $widget (see Tk::configure
for information on the format of this list). If option is specified with no value,
then the command returns a list describing the one named option (this list will be
identical to the corresponding sublist of the value returned if no option is
specified). If one or more option-value pairs are specified, then the command
modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given value(s); in this case the
command returns an empty string. Option may have any of the values accepted by the
Spinbox command.
$widget->delete(first, ?last?);
Delete one or more elements of the Spinbox. First is the index of the first character
to delete, and last is the index of the character just after the last one to delete.
If last isn't specified it defaults to first+1, i.e. a single character is deleted.
This command returns an empty string.
$widget->get;
Returns the Spinbox's string.
$widget->icursor(index);
Arrange for the insertion cursor to be displayed just before the character given by
index. Returns an empty string.
$widget->identify(x, y);
Returns the name of the window element corresponding to coordinates x and y in the
Spinbox. Return value is one of: none, buttondown, buttonup, entry.
$widget->index(index);
Returns the numerical index corresponding to index.
$widget->insert(index, string);
Insert the characters of string just before the character indicated by index. Returns
an empty string.
$widget->invoke(element);
Causes the specified element, either buttondown or buttonup, to be invoked, triggering
the action associated with it.
$widget->scan(option, args);
This command is used to implement scanning on Spinboxes. It has two forms, depending
on option:
$widget->scanMark(x);
Records x and the current view in the Spinbox window; used in conjunction with
later scan dragto commands. Typically this command is associated with a mouse
button press in the widget. It returns an empty string.
$widget->scanDragto(x);
This command computes the difference between its x argument and the x argument to
the last scan mark command for the widget. It then adjusts the view left or right
by 10 times the difference in x-coordinates. This command is typically associated
with mouse motion events in the widget, to produce the effect of dragging the
Spinbox at high speed through the window. The return value is an empty string.
$widget->selection(option, arg);
This command is used to adjust the selection within a Spinbox. It has several forms,
depending on option:
$widget->selectionAdjust(index);
Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character given by index, and
adjust that end of the selection to be at index (i.e including but not going
beyond index). The other end of the selection is made the anchor point for future
select to commands. If the selection isn't currently in the Spinbox, then a new
selection is created to include the characters between index and the most recent
selection anchor point, inclusive. Returns an empty string.
$widget->selectionClear;
Clear the selection if it is currently in this widget. If the selection isn't in
this widget then the command has no effect. Returns an empty string.
$widget->selectionElement(?element?);
Sets or gets the currently selected element. If a spinbutton element is
specified, it will be displayed depressed.
$widget->selectionFrom(index);
Set the selection anchor point to just before the character given by index.
Doesn't change the selection. Returns an empty string.
$widget->selectionPresent;
Returns 1 if there is are characters selected in the Spinbox, 0 if nothing is
selected.
$widget->selectionRange(start, end);
Sets the selection to include the characters starting with the one indexed by
start and ending with the one just before end. If end refers to the same
character as start or an earlier one, then the Spinbox's selection is cleared.
$widget->selectionTo(index);
If index is before the anchor point, set the selection to the characters from
index up to but not including the anchor point. If index is the same as the
anchor point, do nothing. If index is after the anchor point, set the selection
to the characters from the anchor point up to but not including index. The anchor
point is determined by the most recent select from or select adjust command in
this widget. If the selection isn't in this widget then a new selection is
created using the most recent anchor point specified for the widget. Returns an
empty string.
$widget->set(?string?);
If string is specified, the Spinbox will try and set it to this value, otherwise it
just returns the Spinbox's string. If validation is on, it will occur when setting
the string.
$widget->validate;
This command is used to force an evaluation of the validateCommand independent of the
conditions specified by the validate option. This is done by temporarily setting the
validate option to all. It returns 0 or 1.
$widget->xview(args);
This command is used to query and change the horizontal position of the text in the
widget's window. It can take any of the following forms:
$widget->xview;
Returns a list containing two elements. Each element is a real fraction between 0
and 1; together they describe the horizontal span that is visible in the window.
For example, if the first element is .2 and the second element is .6, 20% of the
Spinbox's text is off-screen to the left, the middle 40% is visible in the window,
and 40% of the text is off-screen to the right. These are the same values passed
to scrollbars via the -xscrollcommand option.
$widget->xview(index);
Adjusts the view in the window so that the character given by index is displayed
at the left edge of the window.
$widget->xviewMoveto(fraction);
Adjusts the view in the window so that the character fraction of the way through
the text appears at the left edge of the window. Fraction must be a fraction
between 0 and 1.
$widget->xviewScroll(number, what);
This command shifts the view in the window left or right according to number and
what. Number must be an integer. What must be either units or pages or an
abbreviation of one of these. If what is units, the view adjusts left or right by
number average-width characters on the display; if it is pages then the view
adjusts by number screenfuls. If number is negative then characters farther to
the left become visible; if it is positive then characters farther to the right
become visible.
DEFAULT BINDINGS
Tk automatically creates class bindings for Spinboxes that give them the following default
behavior. In the descriptions below, ``word'' refers to a contiguous group of letters,
digits, or ``_'' characters, or any single character other than these.
[1] Clicking mouse button 1 positions the insertion cursor just before the character
underneath the mouse cursor, sets the input focus to this widget, and clears any
selection in the widget. Dragging with mouse button 1 strokes out a selection between
the insertion cursor and the character under the mouse.
[2] Double-clicking with mouse button 1 selects the word under the mouse and positions the
insertion cursor at the beginning of the word. Dragging after a double click will
stroke out a selection consisting of whole words.
[3] Triple-clicking with mouse button 1 selects all of the text in the Spinbox and
positions the insertion cursor before the first character.
[4] The ends of the selection can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 1 while the
Shift key is down; this will adjust the end of the selection that was nearest to the
mouse cursor when button 1 was pressed. If the button is double-clicked before
dragging then the selection will be adjusted in units of whole words.
[5] Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control key down will position the insertion cursor
in the Spinbox without affecting the selection.
[6] If any normal printing characters are typed in a Spinbox, they are inserted at the
point of the insertion cursor.
[7] The view in the Spinbox can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 2. If mouse
button 2 is clicked without moving the mouse, the selection is copied into the Spinbox
at the position of the mouse cursor.
[8] If the mouse is dragged out of the Spinbox on the left or right sides while button 1
is pressed, the Spinbox will automatically scroll to make more text visible (if there
is more text off-screen on the side where the mouse left the window).
[9] The Left and Right keys move the insertion cursor one character to the left or right;
they also clear any selection in the Spinbox and set the selection anchor. If Left or
Right is typed with the Shift key down, then the insertion cursor moves and the
selection is extended to include the new character. Control-Left and Control-Right
move the insertion cursor by words, and Control-Shift-Left and Control-Shift-Right
move the insertion cursor by words and also extend the selection. Control-b and
Control-f behave the same as Left and Right, respectively. Meta-b and Meta-f behave
the same as Control-Left and Control-Right, respectively.
[10]
The Home key, or Control-a, will move the insertion cursor to the beginning of the
Spinbox and clear any selection in the Spinbox. Shift-Home moves the insertion cursor
to the beginning of the Spinbox and also extends the selection to that point.
[11]
The End key, or Control-e, will move the insertion cursor to the end of the Spinbox
and clear any selection in the Spinbox. Shift-End moves the cursor to the end and
extends the selection to that point.
[12]
The Select key and Control-Space set the selection anchor to the position of the
insertion cursor. They don't affect the current selection. Shift-Select and Control-
Shift-Space adjust the selection to the current position of the insertion cursor,
selecting from the anchor to the insertion cursor if there was not any selection
previously.
[13]
Control-/ selects all the text in the Spinbox.
[14]
Control-\ clears any selection in the Spinbox.
[15]
The F16 key (labelled Copy on many Sun workstations) or Meta-w copies the selection in
the widget to the clipboard, if there is a selection.
[16]
The F20 key (labelled Cut on many Sun workstations) or Control-w copies the selection
in the widget to the clipboard and deletes the selection. If there is no selection in
the widget then these keys have no effect.
[17]
The F18 key (labelled Paste on many Sun workstations) or Control-y inserts the
contents of the clipboard at the position of the insertion cursor.
[18]
The Delete key deletes the selection, if there is one in the Spinbox. If there is no
selection, it deletes the character to the right of the insertion cursor.
[19]
The BackSpace key and Control-h delete the selection, if there is one in the Spinbox.
If there is no selection, it deletes the character to the left of the insertion
cursor.
[20]
Control-d deletes the character to the right of the insertion cursor.
[21]
Meta-d deletes the word to the right of the insertion cursor.
[22]
Control-k deletes all the characters to the right of the insertion cursor.
[23]
Control-t reverses the order of the two characters to the right of the insertion
cursor.
If the Spinbox is disabled using the -state option, then the Spinbox's view can still
be adjusted and text in the Spinbox can still be selected, but no insertion cursor
will be displayed and no text modifications will take place.
The behavior of Spinboxes can be changed by defining new bindings for individual
widgets or by redefining the class bindings.
KEYWORDS
Spinbox, Entry, widget