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This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of
this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of
Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
NAME
strtol, strtoll — convert a string to a long integer
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
long strtol(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr, int base);
long long strtoll(const char *restrict str, char **restrict endptr,
int base)
DESCRIPTION
The functionality described on this reference page is aligned with the ISO C standard. Any
conflict between the requirements described here and the ISO C standard is unintentional.
This volume of POSIX.1‐2008 defers to the ISO C standard.
These functions shall convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by str to a
type long and long long representation, respectively. First, they decompose the input
string into three parts:
1. An initial, possibly empty, sequence of white-space characters (as specified by
isspace())
2. A subject sequence interpreted as an integer represented in some radix determined by
the value of base
3. A final string of one or more unrecognized characters, including the terminating NUL
character of the input string.
Then they shall attempt to convert the subject sequence to an integer, and return the
result.
If the value of base is 0, the expected form of the subject sequence is that of a decimal
constant, octal constant, or hexadecimal constant, any of which may be preceded by a '+'
or '−' sign. A decimal constant begins with a non-zero digit, and consists of a sequence
of decimal digits. An octal constant consists of the prefix '0' optionally followed by a
sequence of the digits '0' to '7' only. A hexadecimal constant consists of the prefix 0x
or 0X followed by a sequence of the decimal digits and letters 'a' (or 'A') to 'f' (or
'F') with values 10 to 15 respectively.
If the value of base is between 2 and 36, the expected form of the subject sequence is a
sequence of letters and digits representing an integer with the radix specified by base,
optionally preceded by a '+' or '−' sign. The letters from 'a' (or 'A') to 'z' (or 'Z')
inclusive are ascribed the values 10 to 35; only letters whose ascribed values are less
than that of base are permitted. If the value of base is 16, the characters 0x or 0X may
optionally precede the sequence of letters and digits, following the sign if present.
The subject sequence is defined as the longest initial subsequence of the input string,
starting with the first non-white-space character that is of the expected form. The
subject sequence shall contain no characters if the input string is empty or consists
entirely of white-space characters, or if the first non-white-space character is other
than a sign or a permissible letter or digit.
If the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of base is 0, the sequence of
characters starting with the first digit shall be interpreted as an integer constant. If
the subject sequence has the expected form and the value of base is between 2 and 36, it
shall be used as the base for conversion, ascribing to each letter its value as given
above. If the subject sequence begins with a minus-sign, the value resulting from the
conversion shall be negated. A pointer to the final string shall be stored in the object
pointed to by endptr, provided that endptr is not a null pointer.
In other than the C or POSIX locales, other implementation-defined subject sequences may
be accepted.
If the subject sequence is empty or does not have the expected form, no conversion is
performed; the value of str shall be stored in the object pointed to by endptr, provided
that endptr is not a null pointer.
These functions shall not change the setting of errno if successful.
Since 0, {LONG_MIN} or {LLONG_MIN}, and {LONG_MAX} or {LLONG_MAX} are returned on error
and are also valid returns on success, an application wishing to check for error
situations should set errno to 0, then call strtol() or strtoll(), then check errno.
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the converted value, if any. If
no conversion could be performed, 0 shall be returned and errno may be set to [EINVAL].
If the value of base is not supported, 0 shall be returned and errno shall be set to
[EINVAL].
If the correct value is outside the range of representable values, {LONG_MIN}, {LONG_MAX},
{LLONG_MIN}, or {LLONG_MAX} shall be returned (according to the sign of the value), and
errno set to [ERANGE].
ERRORS
These functions shall fail if:
EINVAL The value of base is not supported.
ERANGE The value to be returned is not representable.
These functions may fail if:
EINVAL No conversion could be performed.
The following sections are informative.
EXAMPLES
None.
APPLICATION USAGE
Since the value of *endptr is unspecified if the value of base is not supported,
applications should either ensure that base has a supported value (0 or between 2 and 36)
before the call, or check for an [EINVAL] error before examining *endptr.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
fscanf(), isalpha(), strtod()
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, <stdlib.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std
1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System
Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. (This is
POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the event of any
discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the
original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard
can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have
been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report
such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .