Provided by: collectd-core_5.5.1-1build2_amd64 
NAME
collectd-perl - Documentation of collectd's "perl plugin"
SYNOPSIS
LoadPlugin perl
# ...
<Plugin perl>
IncludeDir "/path/to/perl/plugins"
BaseName "Collectd::Plugins"
EnableDebugger ""
LoadPlugin "FooBar"
<Plugin FooBar>
Foo "Bar"
</Plugin>
</Plugin>
DESCRIPTION
The "perl plugin" embeds a Perl-interpreter into collectd and provides an interface to collectd's plugin
system. This makes it possible to write plugins for collectd in Perl. This is a lot more efficient than
executing a Perl-script every time you want to read a value with the "exec plugin" (see collectd-exec(5))
and provides a lot more functionality, too.
CONFIGURATION
LoadPlugin Plugin
Loads the Perl plugin Plugin. This does basically the same as use would do in a Perl program. As a
side effect, the first occurrence of this option causes the Perl-interpreter to be initialized.
BaseName Name
Prepends Name:: to all plugin names loaded after this option. This is provided for convenience to
keep plugin names short. All Perl-based plugins provided with the collectd distributions reside in
the "Collectd::Plugins" namespace.
<Plugin Name> block
This block may be used to pass on configuration settings to a Perl plugin. The configuration is
converted into a config-item data type which is passed to the registered configuration callback. See
below for details about the config-item data type and how to register callbacks.
The name identifies the callback. It is used literally and independent of the BaseName setting.
EnableDebugger Package[=option,...]
Run collectd under the control of the Perl source debugger. If Package is not the empty string,
control is passed to the debugging, profiling, or tracing module installed as Devel::Package. A
comma-separated list of options may be specified after the "=" character. Please note that you may
not leave out the Package option even if you specify "". This is the same as using the -d:Package
command line option.
See perldebug for detailed documentation about debugging Perl.
This option does not prevent collectd from daemonizing, so you should start collectd with the -f
command line option. Else you will not be able to use the command line driven interface of the
debugger.
IncludeDir Dir
Adds Dir to the @INC array. This is the same as using the -IDir command line option or use lib Dir in
the source code. Please note that it only has effect on plugins loaded after this option.
WRITING YOUR OWN PLUGINS
Writing your own plugins is quite simple. collectd manages plugins by means of dispatch functions which
call the appropriate callback functions registered by the plugins. Any plugin basically consists of the
implementation of these callback functions and initializing code which registers the functions with
collectd. See the section "EXAMPLES" below for a really basic example. The following types of callback
functions are known to collectd (all of them are optional):
configuration functions
This type of functions is called during configuration if an appropriate Plugin block has been
encountered. It is called once for each Plugin block which matches the name of the callback as
provided with the plugin_register method - see below.
init functions
This type of functions is called once after loading the module and before any calls to the read and
write functions. It should be used to initialize the internal state of the plugin (e. g. open
sockets, ...). If the return value evaluates to false, the plugin will be disabled.
read functions
This type of function is used to collect the actual data. It is called once per interval (see the
Interval configuration option of collectd). Usually it will call plugin_dispatch_values to dispatch
the values to collectd which will pass them on to all registered write functions. If the return value
evaluates to false the plugin will be skipped for an increasing amount of time until it returns true
again.
write functions
This type of function is used to write the dispatched values. It is called once for each call to
plugin_dispatch_values.
flush functions
This type of function is used to flush internal caches of plugins. It is usually triggered by the
user only. Any plugin which caches data before writing it to disk should provide this kind of
callback function.
log functions
This type of function is used to pass messages of plugins or the daemon itself to the user.
notification function
This type of function is used to act upon notifications. In general, a notification is a status
message that may be associated with a data instance. Usually, a notification is generated by the
daemon if a configured threshold has been exceeded (see the section "THRESHOLD CONFIGURATION" in
collectd.conf(5) for more details), but any plugin may dispatch notifications as well.
shutdown functions
This type of function is called once before the daemon shuts down. It should be used to clean up the
plugin (e.g. close sockets, ...).
Any function (except log functions) may set the $@ variable to describe errors in more detail. The
message will be passed on to the user using collectd's logging mechanism.
See the documentation of the plugin_register method in the section "METHODS" below for the number and
types of arguments passed to each callback function. This section also explains how to register callback
functions with collectd.
To enable a plugin, copy it to a place where Perl can find it (i. e. a directory listed in the @INC
array) just as any other Perl plugin and add an appropriate LoadPlugin option to the configuration file.
After restarting collectd you're done.
DATA TYPES
The following complex types are used to pass values between the Perl plugin and collectd:
Config-Item
A config-item is one structure which keeps the information provided in the configuration file. The
array of children keeps one entry for each configuration option. Each such entry is another config-
item structure, which may nest further if nested blocks are used.
{
key => key,
values => [ val1, val2, ... ],
children => [ { ... }, { ... }, ... ]
}
Data-Set
A data-set is a list of one or more data-sources. Each data-source defines a name, type, min- and
max-value and the data-set wraps them up into one structure. The general layout looks like this:
[{
name => 'data_source_name',
type => DS_TYPE_COUNTER || DS_TYPE_GAUGE || DS_TYPE_DERIVE || DS_TYPE_ABSOLUTE,
min => value || undef,
max => value || undef
}, ...]
Value-List
A value-list is one structure which features an array of values and fields to identify the values,
i. e. time and host, plugin name and plugin-instance as well as a type and type-instance. Since the
"type" is not included in the value-list but is passed as an extra argument, the general layout looks
like this:
{
values => [123, 0.5],
time => time (),
interval => plugin_get_interval (),
host => $hostname_g,
plugin => 'myplugin',
type => 'myplugin',
plugin_instance => '',
type_instance => ''
}
Notification
A notification is one structure defining the severity, time and message of the status message as well
as an identification of a data instance. Also, it includes an optional list of user-defined meta
information represented as (name, value) pairs:
{
severity => NOTIF_FAILURE || NOTIF_WARNING || NOTIF_OKAY,
time => time (),
message => 'status message',
host => $hostname_g,
plugin => 'myplugin',
type => 'mytype',
plugin_instance => '',
type_instance => '',
meta => [ { name => <name>, value => <value> }, ... ]
}
Match-Proc
A match-proc is one structure storing the callbacks of a "match" of the filter chain infrastructure.
The general layout looks like this:
{
create => 'my_create',
destroy => 'my_destroy',
match => 'my_match'
}
Target-Proc
A target-proc is one structure storing the callbacks of a "target" of the filter chain
infrastructure. The general layout looks like this:
{
create => 'my_create',
destroy => 'my_destroy',
invoke => 'my_invoke'
}
METHODS
The following functions provide the C-interface to Perl-modules. They are exported by the ":plugin"
export tag (see the section "EXPORTS" below).
plugin_register (type, name, data)
Registers a callback-function or data-set.
type can be one of:
TYPE_CONFIG
TYPE_INIT
TYPE_READ
TYPE_WRITE
TYPE_FLUSH
TYPE_LOG
TYPE_NOTIF
TYPE_SHUTDOWN
TYPE_DATASET
name is the name of the callback-function or the type of the data-set, depending on the value of
type. (Please note that the type of the data-set is the value passed as name here and has nothing to
do with the type argument which simply tells plugin_register what is being registered.)
The last argument, data, is either a function name or an array-reference. If type is TYPE_DATASET,
then the data argument must be an array-reference which points to an array of hashes. Each hash
describes one data-set. For the exact layout see Data-Set above. Please note that there is a large
number of predefined data-sets available in the types.db file which are automatically registered with
collectd - see types.db(5) for a description of the format of this file.
Note: Using plugin_register to register a data-set is deprecated. Add the new type to a custom
types.db(5) file instead. This functionality might be removed in a future version of collectd.
If the type argument is any of the other types (TYPE_INIT, TYPE_READ, ...) then data is expected to
be a function name. If the name is not prefixed with the plugin's package name collectd will add it
automatically. The interface slightly differs from the C interface (which expects a function pointer
instead) because Perl does not support to share references to subroutines between threads.
These functions are called in the various stages of the daemon (see the section "WRITING YOUR OWN
PLUGINS" above) and are passed the following arguments:
TYPE_CONFIG
The only argument passed is config-item. See above for the layout of this data type.
TYPE_INIT
TYPE_READ
TYPE_SHUTDOWN
No arguments are passed.
TYPE_WRITE
The arguments passed are type, data-set, and value-list. type is a string. For the layout of
data-set and value-list see above.
TYPE_FLUSH
The arguments passed are timeout and identifier. timeout indicates that only data older than
timeout seconds is to be flushed. identifier specifies which values are to be flushed.
TYPE_LOG
The arguments are log-level and message. The log level is small for important messages and high
for less important messages. The least important level is LOG_DEBUG, the most important level is
LOG_ERR. In between there are (from least to most important): LOG_INFO, LOG_NOTICE, and
LOG_WARNING. message is simply a string without a newline at the end.
TYPE_NOTIF
The only argument passed is notification. See above for the layout of this data type.
plugin_unregister (type, plugin)
Removes a callback or data-set from collectd's internal list of functions / datasets.
plugin_dispatch_values (value-list)
Submits a value-list to the daemon. If the data-set identified by value-list->{type} is found (and
the number of values matches the number of data-sources) then the type, data-set and value-list is
passed to all write-callbacks that are registered with the daemon.
plugin_write ([plugins => ...][, datasets => ...], valuelists => ...)
Calls the write function of the given plugins with the provided data sets and value lists. In
contrast to plugin_dispatch_values, it does not update collectd's internal cache and bypasses the
filter mechanism (see collectd.conf(5) for details). If the plugins argument has been omitted, the
values will be dispatched to all registered write plugins. If the datasets argument has been omitted,
the required data sets are looked up according to the "type" member in the appropriate value list.
The value of all three arguments may either be a single scalar or a reference to an array. If the
datasets argument has been specified, the number of data sets has to equal the number of specified
value lists.
plugin_flush ([timeout => timeout][, plugins => ...][, identifiers => ...])
Flush one or more plugins. timeout and the specified identifiers are passed on to the registered
flush-callbacks. If omitted, the timeout defaults to "-1". The identifier defaults to the undefined
value. If the plugins argument has been specified, only named plugins will be flushed. The value of
the plugins and identifiers arguments may either be a string or a reference to an array of strings.
plugin_dispatch_notification (notification)
Submits a notification to the daemon which will then pass it to all notification-callbacks that are
registered.
plugin_log (log-level, message)
Submits a message of level log-level to collectd's logging mechanism. The message is passed to all
log-callbacks that are registered with collectd.
ERROR, WARNING, NOTICE, INFO, DEBUG (message)
Wrappers around plugin_log, using LOG_ERR, LOG_WARNING, LOG_NOTICE, LOG_INFO and LOG_DEBUG
respectively as log-level.
plugin_get_interval ()
Returns the interval of the current plugin as a floating point number in seconds. This value depends
on the interval configured within the "LoadPlugin perl" block or the global interval (see
collectd.conf(5) for details).
The following function provides the filter chain C-interface to Perl-modules. It is exported by the
":filter_chain" export tag (see the section "EXPORTS" below).
fc_register (type, name, proc)
Registers filter chain callbacks with collectd.
type may be any of:
FC_MATCH
FC_TARGET
name is the name of the match or target. By this name, the callbacks are identified in the
configuration file when specifying a Match or Target block (see collectd.conf(5) for details).
proc is a hash reference. The hash includes up to three callbacks: an optional constructor (create)
and destructor (destroy) and a mandatory match or invoke callback. match is called whenever
processing an appropriate match, while invoke is called whenever processing an appropriate target
(see the section "FILTER CONFIGURATION" in collectd.conf(5) for details). Just like any other
callbacks, filter chain callbacks are identified by the function name rather than a function pointer
because Perl does not support to share references to subroutines between threads. The following
arguments are passed to the callbacks:
create
The arguments passed are config-item and user-data. See above for the layout of the config-item
data-type. user-data is a reference to a scalar value that may be used to store any information
specific to this particular instance. The daemon does not care about this information at all.
It's for the plugin's use only.
destroy
The only argument passed is user-data which is a reference to the user data initialized in the
create callback. This callback may be used to cleanup instance-specific information and settings.
match, invoke
The arguments passed are data-set, value-list, meta and user-data. See above for the layout of
the data-set and value-list data-types. meta is a pointer to an array of meta information, just
like the meta member of the notification data-type (see above). user-data is a reference to the
user data initialized in the create callback.
GLOBAL VARIABLES
$hostname_g
As the name suggests this variable keeps the hostname of the system collectd is running on. The value
might be influenced by the Hostname or FQDNLookup configuration options (see collectd.conf(5) for
details).
$interval_g
This variable keeps the interval in seconds in which the read functions are queried (see the Interval
configuration option).
Note: This variable should no longer be used in favor of "plugin_get_interval()" (see above). This
function takes any plugin-specific interval settings into account (see the "Interval" option of
"LoadPlugin" in collectd.conf(5) for details).
Any changes to these variables will be globally visible in collectd.
EXPORTS
By default no symbols are exported. However, the following export tags are available (:all will export
all of them):
:plugin
plugin_register ()
plugin_unregister ()
plugin_dispatch_values ()
plugin_flush ()
plugin_flush_one ()
plugin_flush_all ()
plugin_dispatch_notification ()
plugin_log ()
:types
TYPE_CONFIG
TYPE_INIT
TYPE_READ
TYPE_WRITE
TYPE_FLUSH
TYPE_SHUTDOWN
TYPE_LOG
TYPE_DATASET
:ds_types
DS_TYPE_COUNTER
DS_TYPE_GAUGE
DS_TYPE_DERIVE
DS_TYPE_ABSOLUTE
:log
ERROR ()
WARNING ()
NOTICE ()
INFO ()
DEBUG ()
LOG_ERR
LOG_WARNING
LOG_NOTICE
LOG_INFO
LOG_DEBUG
:filter_chain
fc_register
FC_MATCH_NO_MATCH
FC_MATCH_MATCHES
FC_TARGET_CONTINUE
FC_TARGET_STOP
FC_TARGET_RETURN
:fc_types
FC_MATCH
FC_TARGET
:notif
NOTIF_FAILURE
NOTIF_WARNING
NOTIF_OKAY
:globals
$hostname_g
$interval_g
EXAMPLES
Any Perl plugin will start similar to:
package Collectd::Plugins::FooBar;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Collectd qw( :all );
A very simple read function might look like:
sub foobar_read
{
my $vl = { plugin => 'foobar', type => 'gauge' };
$vl->{'values'} = [ rand(42) ];
plugin_dispatch_values ($vl);
return 1;
}
A very simple write function might look like:
sub foobar_write
{
my ($type, $ds, $vl) = @_;
for (my $i = 0; $i < scalar (@$ds); ++$i) {
print "$vl->{'plugin'} ($vl->{'type'}): $vl->{'values'}->[$i]\n";
}
return 1;
}
A very simple match callback might look like:
sub foobar_match
{
my ($ds, $vl, $meta, $user_data) = @_;
if (matches($ds, $vl)) {
return FC_MATCH_MATCHES;
} else {
return FC_MATCH_NO_MATCH;
}
}
To register those functions with collectd:
plugin_register (TYPE_READ, "foobar", "foobar_read");
plugin_register (TYPE_WRITE, "foobar", "foobar_write");
fc_register (FC_MATCH, "foobar", "foobar_match");
See the section "DATA TYPES" above for a complete documentation of the data types used by the read, write
and match functions.
NOTES
• Please feel free to send in new plugins to collectd's mailing list at <collectd at collectd.org> for
review and, possibly, inclusion in the main distribution. In the latter case, we will take care of
keeping the plugin up to date and adapting it to new versions of collectd.
Before submitting your plugin, please take a look at <http://collectd.org/dev-info.shtml>.
CAVEATS
• collectd is heavily multi-threaded. Each collectd thread accessing the perl plugin will be mapped to
a Perl interpreter thread (see threads(3perl)). Any such thread will be created and destroyed
transparently and on-the-fly.
Hence, any plugin has to be thread-safe if it provides several entry points from collectd (i. e. if
it registers more than one callback or if a registered callback may be called more than once in
parallel). Please note that no data is shared between threads by default. You have to use the
threads::shared module to do so.
• Each function name registered with collectd has to be available before the first thread has been
created (i. e. basically at compile time). This basically means that hacks (yes, I really consider
this to be a hack) like "*foo = \&bar; plugin_register (TYPE_READ, "plugin", "foo");" most likely
will not work. This is due to the fact that the symbol table is not shared across different threads.
• Each plugin is usually only loaded once and kept in memory for performance reasons. Therefore, END
blocks are only executed once when collectd shuts down. You should not rely on END blocks anyway -
use shutdown functions instead.
• The perl plugin exports the internal API of collectd which is considered unstable and subject to
change at any time. We try hard to not break backwards compatibility in the Perl API during the life
cycle of one major release. However, this cannot be guaranteed at all times. Watch out for warnings
dispatched by the perl plugin after upgrades.
KNOWN BUGS
• Currently, it is not possible to flush a single Perl plugin only. You can either flush all Perl
plugins or none at all and you have to use "perl" as plugin name when doing so.
SEE ALSO
collectd(1), collectd.conf(5), collectd-exec(5), types.db(5), perl(1), threads(3perl),
threads::shared(3perl), perldebug(1)
AUTHOR
The "perl plugin" has been written by Sebastian Harl <sh at tokkee.org>.
This manpage has been written by Florian Forster <octo at collectd.org> and Sebastian Harl
<sh at tokkee.org>.
5.5.1 2016-01-22 COLLECTD-PERL(5)