Provided by: aptitude_0.7.4-2ubuntu2_amd64 
NAME
aptitude - high-level interface to the package manager
SYNOPSIS
aptitude [<options>...] {autoclean | clean | forget-new | keep-all | update}
aptitude [<options>...] {full-upgrade | safe-upgrade} [<packages>...]
aptitude [<options>...] {build-dep | build-depends | changelog | download | forbid-version | hold |
install | markauto | purge | reinstall | remove | show | unhold | unmarkauto | versions}
<packages>...
aptitude extract-cache-subset <output-directory> <packages>...
aptitude [<options>...] search <patterns>...
aptitude [<options>...] {add-user-tag | remove-user-tag} <tag> <packages>...
aptitude [<options>...] {why | why-not} [<patterns>...] <package>
aptitude [-S <fname>] [--autoclean-on-startup | --clean-on-startup | -i | -u]
aptitude help
DESCRIPTION
aptitude is a text-based interface to the Debian GNU/Linux package system.
It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package management tasks such as
installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Actions may be performed from a visual interface or from
the command-line.
COMMAND-LINE ACTIONS
The first argument which does not begin with a hyphen (“-”) is considered to be an action that the
program should perform. If an action is not specified on the command-line, aptitude will start up in
visual mode.
The following actions are available:
install
Install one or more packages. The packages should be listed after the “install” command; if a package
name contains a tilde character (“~”) or a question mark (“?”), it will be treated as a search
pattern and every package matching the pattern will be installed (see the section “Search Patterns”
in the aptitude reference manual).
To select a particular version of the package, append “=<version>” to the package name: for instance,
“aptitude install apt=0.3.1”. Similarly, to select a package from a particular archive, append
“/<archive>” to the package name: for instance, “aptitude install apt/experimental”. You cannot
specify both an archive and a version for a package.
Not every package listed on the command line has to be installed; you can tell aptitude to do
something different with a package by appending an “override specifier” to the name of the package.
For example, aptitude remove wesnoth+ will install wesnoth, not remove it. The following override
specifiers are available:
<package>+
Install <package>.
<package>+M
Install <package> and immediately mark it as automatically installed (note that if nothing
depends on <package>, this will cause it to be immediately removed).
<package>-
Remove <package>.
<package>_
Purge <package>: remove it and all its associated configuration and data files.
<package>=
Place <package> on hold: cancel any active installation, upgrade, or removal, and prevent this
package from being automatically upgraded in the future.
<package>:
Keep <package> at its current version: cancel any installation, removal, or upgrade. Unlike
“hold” (above) this does not prevent automatic upgrades in the future.
<package>&M
Mark <package> as having been automatically installed.
<package>&m
Mark <package> as having been manually installed.
<package>&BD
Install the build-dependencies of a <package>.
As a special case, “install” with no arguments will act on any stored/pending actions.
Note
Once you enter Y at the final confirmation prompt, the “install” command will modify aptitude's
stored information about what actions to perform. Therefore, if you issue (e.g.) the command
“aptitude install foo bar” and then abort the installation once aptitude has started downloading
and installing packages, you will need to run “aptitude remove foo bar” to cancel that order.
remove, purge, hold, unhold, keep, reinstall
These commands are the same as “install”, but apply the named action to all packages given on the
command line for which it is not overridden. The difference between hold and keep is that hold will
cause a package to be ignored by future safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, while keep merely
cancels any scheduled actions on the package. unhold will allow a package to be upgraded by future
safe-upgrade or full-upgrade commands, without otherwise altering its state.
For instance, “aptitude remove '~ndeity'” will remove all packages whose name contains “deity”.
markauto, unmarkauto
Mark packages as automatically installed or manually installed, respectively. Packages are specified
in exactly the same way as for the “install” command. For instance, “aptitude markauto '~slibs'” will
mark all packages in the “libs” section as having been automatically installed.
For more information on automatically installed packages, see the section “Managing Automatically
Installed Packages” in the aptitude reference manual.
build-depends, build-dep
Satisfy the build-dependencies of a package. Each package name may be a source package, in which case
the build dependencies of that source package are installed; otherwise, binary packages are found in
the same way as for the “install” command, and the build-dependencies of the source packages that
build those binary packages are satisfied.
If the command-line parameter --arch-only is present, only architecture-dependent build dependencies
(i.e., not Build-Depends-Indep or Build-Conflicts-Indep) will be obeyed.
forbid-version
Forbid a package from being upgraded to a particular version. This will prevent aptitude from
automatically upgrading to this version, but will allow automatic upgrades to future versions. By
default, aptitude will select the version to which the package would normally be upgraded; you may
override this selection by appending “=<version>” to the package name: for instance, “aptitude
forbid-version vim=1.2.3.broken-4”.
This command is useful for avoiding broken versions of packages without having to set and clear
manual holds. If you decide you really want the forbidden version after all, “aptitude install
<package>” will remove the ban.
update
Updates the list of available packages from the apt sources (this is equivalent to “apt-get update”)
safe-upgrade
Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version. Installed packages will not be removed
unless they are unused (see the section “Managing Automatically Installed Packages” in the aptitude
reference manual). Packages which are not currently installed may be installed to resolve
dependencies unless the --no-new-installs command-line option is supplied.
If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that
can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed
to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude
install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude
safe-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.
It is sometimes necessary to remove one package in order to upgrade another; this command is not able
to upgrade packages in such situations. Use the full-upgrade command to upgrade as many packages as
possible.
full-upgrade
Upgrades installed packages to their most recent version, removing or installing packages as
necessary. This command is less conservative than safe-upgrade and thus more likely to perform
unwanted actions. However, it is capable of upgrading packages that safe-upgrade cannot upgrade.
If no <package>s are listed on the command line, aptitude will attempt to upgrade every package that
can be upgraded. Otherwise, aptitude will attempt to upgrade only the packages which it is instructed
to upgrade. The <package>s can be extended with suffixes in the same manner as arguments to aptitude
install, so you can also give additional instructions to aptitude here; for instance, aptitude
full-upgrade bash dash- will attempt to upgrade the bash package and remove the dash package.
Note
This command was originally named dist-upgrade for historical reasons, and aptitude still
recognizes dist-upgrade as a synonym for full-upgrade.
keep-all
Cancels all scheduled actions on all packages; any packages whose sticky state indicates an
installation, removal, or upgrade will have this sticky state cleared.
forget-new
Forgets all internal information about what packages are “new” (equivalent to pressing “f” when in
visual mode).
search
Searches for packages matching one of the patterns supplied on the command line. All packages which
match any of the given patterns will be displayed; for instance, “aptitude search '~N' edit” will
list all “new” packages and all packages whose name contains “edit”. For more information on search
patterns, see the section “Search Patterns” in the aptitude reference manual.
Note
In the example above, “aptitude search '~N' edit” has two arguments after search and thus is
searching for two patterns: “~N” and “edit”. As described in the search pattern reference, a
single pattern composed of two sub-patterns separated by a space (such as “~N edit”) matches only
if both patterns match. Thus, the command “aptitude search '~N edit'” will only show “new”
packages whose name contains “edit”.
Unless you pass the -F option, the output of aptitude search will look something like this:
i apt - Advanced front-end for dpkg
pi apt-build - frontend to apt to build, optimize and in
cp apt-file - APT package searching utility -- command-
ihA raptor-utils - Raptor RDF Parser utilities
Each search result is listed on a separate line. The first character of each line indicates the
current state of the package: the most common states are p, meaning that no trace of the package
exists on the system, c, meaning that the package was deleted but its configuration files remain on
the system, i, meaning that the package is installed, and v, meaning that the package is virtual. The
second character indicates the stored action (if any; otherwise a blank space is displayed) to be
performed on the package, with the most common actions being i, meaning that the package will be
installed, d, meaning that the package will be deleted, and p, meaning that the package and its
configuration files will be removed. If the third character is A, the package was automatically
installed.
For a complete list of the possible state and action flags, see the section “Accessing Package
Information” in the aptitude reference guide. To customize the output of search, see the command-line
options -F and --sort.
show
Displays detailed information about one or more packages. If a package name contains a tilde
character (“~”) or a question mark (“?”), it will be treated as a search pattern and all matching
packages will be displayed (see the section “Search Patterns” in the aptitude reference manual).
If the verbosity level is 1 or greater (i.e., at least one -v is present on the command-line),
information about all versions of the package is displayed. Otherwise, information about the
“candidate version” (the version that “aptitude install” would download) is displayed.
You can display information about a different version of the package by appending =<version> to the
package name; you can display the version from a particular archive or release by appending
/<archive> or /<release> to the package name: for instance, /unstable or /sid. If either of these is
present, then only the version you request will be displayed, regardless of the verbosity level.
If the verbosity level is 1 or greater, the package's architecture, compressed size, filename, and
md5sum fields will be displayed. If the verbosity level is 2 or greater, the select version or
versions will be displayed once for each archive in which they are found.
versions
Displays the versions of the packages listed on the command-line.
$ aptitude versions wesnoth
p 1:1.4.5-1 100
p 1:1.6.5-1 unstable 500
p 1:1.7.14-1 experimental 1
Each version is listed on a separate line. The leftmost three characters indicate the current state,
planned state (if any), and whether the package was automatically installed; for more information on
their meanings, see the documentation of aptitude search. To the right of the version number you can
find the releases from which the version is available, and the pin priority of the version.
If a package name contains a tilde character (“~”) or a question mark (“?”), it will be treated as a
search pattern and all matching versions will be displayed (see the section “Search Patterns” in the
aptitude reference manual). This means that, for instance, aptitude versions '~i' will display all
the versions that are currently installed on the system and nothing else, not even other versions of
the same packages.
$ aptitude versions '~nexim4-daemon-light'
Package exim4-daemon-light:
i 4.71-3 100
p 4.71-4 unstable 500
Package exim4-daemon-light-dbg:
p 4.71-4 unstable 500
If the input is a search pattern, or if more than one package's versions are to be displayed,
aptitude will automatically group the output by package, as shown above. You can disable this via
--group-by=none, in which case aptitude will display a single list of all the versions that were
found and automatically include the package name in each output line:
$ aptitude versions --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
i exim4-daemon-light 4.71-3 100
p exim4-daemon-light 4.71-4 unstable 500
p exim4-daemon-light-dbg 4.71-4 unstable 500
To disable the package name, pass --show-package-names=never:
$ aptitude versions --show-package-names=never --group-by=none '~nexim4-daemon-light'
i 4.71-3 100
p 4.71-4 unstable 500
p 4.71-4 unstable 500
In addition to the above options, the information printed for each version can be controlled by the
command-line option -F. The order in which versions are displayed can be controlled by the
command-line option --sort. To prevent aptitude from formatting the output into columns, use
--disable-columns.
add-user-tag, remove-user-tag
Adds a user tag to or removes a user tag from the selected group of packages. If a package name
contains a tilde (“~”) or question mark (“?”), it is treated as a search pattern and the tag is added
to or removed from all the packages that match the pattern (see the section “Search Patterns” in the
aptitude reference manual).
User tags are arbitrary strings associated with a package. They can be used with the ?user-tag(<tag>)
search term, which will select all the packages that have a user tag matching <tag>.
why, why-not
Explains the reason that a particular package should or cannot be installed on the system.
This command searches for packages that require or conflict with the given package. It displays a
sequence of dependencies leading to the target package, along with a note indicating the installed
state of each package in the dependency chain:
$ aptitude why kdepim
i nautilus-data Recommends nautilus
i A nautilus Recommends desktop-base (>= 0.2)
i A desktop-base Suggests gnome | kde | xfce4 | wmaker
p kde Depends kdepim (>= 4:3.4.3)
The command why finds a dependency chain that installs the package named on the command line, as
above. Note that the dependency that aptitude produced in this case is only a suggestion. This is
because no package currently installed on this computer depends on or recommends the kdepim package;
if a stronger dependency were available, aptitude would have displayed it.
In contrast, why-not finds a dependency chain leading to a conflict with the target package:
$ aptitude why-not textopo
i ocaml-core Depends ocamlweb
i A ocamlweb Depends tetex-extra | texlive-latex-extra
i A texlive-latex-extra Conflicts textopo
If one or more <pattern>s are present, then aptitude will begin its search at these patterns; that
is, the first package in the chain it prints will be a package matching the pattern in question. The
patterns are considered to be package names unless they contain a tilde character (“~”) or a question
mark (“?”), in which case they are treated as search patterns (see the section “Search Patterns” in
the aptitude reference manual).
If no patterns are present, then aptitude will search for dependency chains beginning at manually
installed packages. This effectively shows the packages that have caused or would cause a given
package to be installed.
Note
aptitude why does not perform full dependency resolution; it only displays direct relationships
between packages. For instance, if A requires B, C requires D, and B and C conflict, “aptitude
why-not D” will not produce the answer “A depends on B, B conflicts with C, and D depends on C”.
By default aptitude outputs only the “most installed, strongest, tightest, shortest” dependency
chain. That is, it looks for a chain that only contains packages which are installed or will be
installed; it looks for the strongest possible dependencies under that restriction; it looks for
chains that avoid ORed dependencies and Provides; and it looks for the shortest dependency chain
meeting those criteria. These rules are progressively weakened until a match is found.
If the verbosity level is 1 or more, then all the explanations aptitude can find will be displayed,
in inverse order of relevance. If the verbosity level is 2 or more, a truly excessive amount of
debugging information will be printed to standard output.
This command returns 0 if successful, 1 if no explanation could be constructed, and -1 if an error
occurred.
clean
Removes all previously downloaded .deb files from the package cache directory (usually
/var/cache/apt/archives).
autoclean
Removes any cached packages which can no longer be downloaded. This allows you to prevent a cache
from growing out of control over time without completely emptying it.
changelog
Downloads and displays the Debian changelog for each of the given source or binary packages.
By default, the changelog for the version which would be installed with “aptitude install” is
downloaded. You can select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package
name; you can select the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or
/<release> to the package name (for instance, /unstable or /sid).
download
Downloads the .deb file for the given package to the current directory. If a package name contains a
tilde character (“~”) or a question mark (“?”), it will be treated as a search pattern and all the
matching packages will be downloaded (see the section “Search Patterns” in the aptitude reference
manual).
By default, the version which would be installed with “aptitude install” is downloaded. You can
select a particular version of a package by appending =<version> to the package name; you can select
the version from a particular archive or release by appending /<archive> or /<release> to the package
name (for instance: /unstable or /sid).
extract-cache-subset
Copy the apt configuration directory (/etc/apt) and a subset of the package database to the specified
directory. If no packages are listed, the entire package database is copied; otherwise only the
entries corresponding to the named packages are copied. Each package name may be a search pattern,
and all the packages matching that pattern will be selected (see the section “Search Patterns” in the
aptitude reference manual). Any existing package database files in the output directory will be
overwritten.
Dependencies in binary package stanzas will be rewritten to remove references to packages not in the
selected set.
help
Displays a brief summary of the available commands and options.
OPTIONS
The following options may be used to modify the behavior of the actions described above. Note that while
all options will be accepted for all commands, some options don't apply to particular commands and will
be ignored by those commands.
--add-user-tag <tag>
For full-upgrade, safe-upgrade, forbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that are installed,
removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the add-user-tag command.
--add-user-tag-to <tag>,<pattern>
For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: add the user tag <tag> to all packages that match
<pattern> as if with the add-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the
section “Search Patterns” in the aptitude reference manual.
For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --add-user-tag-to "new-installs,?action(install)" will add the
tag new-installs to all the packages installed by the safe-upgrade command.
--allow-new-upgrades
When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed, the action is safe-upgrade,
or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), allow the dependency resolver to install
upgrades for packages regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.
--allow-new-installs
Allow the safe-upgrade command to install new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e.,
--safe-resolver was passed, the action is safe-upgrade, or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set
to true), allow the dependency resolver to install new packages. This option takes effect regardless
of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.
--allow-untrusted
Install packages from untrusted sources without prompting. You should only use this if you know what
you are doing, as it could easily compromise your system's security.
--disable-columns
This option causes aptitude search and aptitude versions to output their results without any special
formatting. In particular: normally aptitude will add whitespace or truncate search results in an
attempt to fit its results into vertical “columns”. With this flag, each line will be formed by
replacing any format escapes in the format string with the corresponding text; column widths will be
ignored.
For instance, the first few lines of output from “aptitude search -F '%p %V' --disable-columns
libedataserver” might be:
disksearch 1.2.1-3
hp-search-mac 0.1.3
libbsearch-ruby 1.5-5
libbsearch-ruby1.8 1.5-5
libclass-dbi-abstractsearch-perl 0.07-2
libdbix-fulltextsearch-perl 0.73-10
As in the above example, --disable-columns is often useful in combination with a custom display
format set using the command-line option -F.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Disable-Columns.
-D, --show-deps
For commands that will install or remove packages (install, full-upgrade, etc), show brief
explanations of automatic installations and removals.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps.
-d, --download-only
Download packages to the package cache as necessary, but do not install or remove anything. By
default, the package cache is stored in /var/cache/apt/archives.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-Only.
-F <format>, --display-format <format>
Specify the format which should be used to display output from the search and versions commands. For
instance, passing “%p %v %V” for <format> will display a package's name, followed by its currently
installed version and its candidate version (see the section “Customizing how packages are displayed”
in the aptitude reference manual for more information).
The command-line option --disable-columns is often useful in combination with -F.
For search, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Format;
for versions, this corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Version-Display-Format.
-f
Try hard to fix the dependencies of broken packages, even if it means ignoring the actions requested
on the command line.
This corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken.
--full-resolver
When package dependency problems are encountered, use the default “full” resolver to solve them.
Unlike the “safe” resolver activated by --safe-resolver, the full resolver will happily remove
packages to fulfill dependencies. It can resolve more situations than the safe algorithm, but its
solutions are more likely to be undesirable.
This option can be used to force the use of the full resolver even when
Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is true.
--group-by <grouping-mode>
Control how the versions command groups its output. The following values are recognized:
• archive to group packages by the archive they occur in (“stable”, “unstable”, etc). If a package
occurs in several archives, it will be displayed in each of them.
• auto to group versions by their package unless there is exactly one argument and it is not a
search pattern.
• none to display all the versions in a single list without any grouping.
• package to group versions by their package.
• source-package to group versions by their source package.
• source-version to group versions by their source package and source version.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Group-By.
-h, --help
Display a brief help message. Identical to the help action.
--log-file=<file>
If <file> is a nonempty string, log messages will be written to it, except that if <file> is “-”, the
messages will be written to standard output instead. If this option appears multiple times, the last
occurrence is the one that will take effect.
This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed (/var/log/aptitude); the
log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and debugging
messages. See the command-line option --log-level to get more control over what gets logged.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Logging::File.
--log-level=<level>, --log-level=<category>:<level>
--log-level=<level> causes aptitude to only log messages whose level is <level> or higher. For
instance, setting the log level to error will cause only messages at the log levels error and fatal
to be displayed; all others will be hidden. Valid log levels (in descending order) are off, fatal,
error, warn, info, debug, and trace. The default log level is warn.
--log-level=<category>:<level> causes messages in <category> to only be logged if their level is
<level> or higher.
--log-level may appear multiple times on the command line; the most specific setting is the one that
takes effect, so if you pass --log-level=aptitude.resolver:fatal and
--log-level=aptitude.resolver.hints.match:trace, then messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.parse will
only be printed if their level is fatal, but all messages in aptitude.resolver.hints.match will be
printed. If you set the level of the same category two or more times, the last setting is the one
that will take effect.
This does not affect the log of installations that aptitude has performed (/var/log/aptitude); the
log messages written using this configuration include internal program events, errors, and debugging
messages. See the command-line option --log-file to change where log messages go.
This corresponds to the configuration group Aptitude::Logging::Levels.
--log-resolver
Set some standard log levels related to the resolver, to produce logging output suitable for
processing with automated tools. This is equivalent to the command-line options
--log-level=aptitude.resolver.search:trace --log-level=aptitude.resolver.search.tiers:info.
--no-new-installs
Prevent safe-upgrade from installing any new packages; when the safe resolver is being used (i.e.,
--safe-resolver was passed or Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the
dependency resolver from installing new packages. This option takes effect regardless of the value of
Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Installs.
This mimics the historical behavior of apt-get upgrade.
--no-new-upgrades
When the safe resolver is being used (i.e., --safe-resolver was passed or
Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver is set to true), forbid the dependency resolver from installing
upgrades for packages regardless of the value of Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::No-New-Upgrades.
--no-show-resolver-actions
Do not display the actions performed by the “safe” resolver, overriding any configuration option or
earlier --show-resolver-actions.
-O <order>, --sort <order>
Specify the order in which output from the search and versions commands should be displayed. For
instance, passing “installsize” for <order> will list packages in order according to their size when
installed (see the section “Customizing how packages are sorted” in the aptitude reference manual for
more information).
The default sort order is name,version.
-o <key>=<value>
Set a configuration file option directly; for instance, use -o Aptitude::Log=/tmp/my-log to log
aptitude's actions to /tmp/my-log. For more information on configuration file options, see the
section “Configuration file reference” in the aptitude reference manual.
-P, --prompt
Always display a prompt before downloading, installing or removing packages, even when no actions
other than those explicitly requested will be performed.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt.
--purge-unused
If Aptitude::Delete-Unused is set to “true” (its default), then in addition to removing each package
that is no longer required by any installed package, aptitude will also purge them, removing their
configuration files and perhaps other important data. For more information about which packages are
considered to be “unused”, see the section “Managing Automatically Installed Packages” in the
aptitude reference manual. THIS OPTION CAN CAUSE DATA LOSS! DO NOT USE IT UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU
ARE DOING!
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Purge-Unused.
-q[=<n>], --quiet[=<n>]
Suppress all incremental progress indicators, thus making the output loggable. This may be supplied
multiple times to make the program quieter, but unlike apt-get, aptitude does not enable -y when -q
is supplied more than once.
The optional =<n> may be used to directly set the amount of quietness (for instance, to override a
setting in /etc/apt/apt.conf); it causes the program to behave as if -q had been passed exactly <n>
times.
-R, --without-recommends
Do not treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this overrides settings in
/etc/apt/apt.conf and ~/.aptitude/config). Packages previously installed due to recommendations will
not be removed.
This corresponds to the pair of configuration options APT::Install-Recommends and
APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant.
-r, --with-recommends
Treat recommendations as dependencies when installing new packages (this overrides settings in
/etc/apt/apt.conf and ~/.aptitude/config).
This corresponds to the configuration option APT::Install-Recommends
--remove-user-tag <tag>
For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that are
installed, removed, or upgraded by this command as if with the add-user-tag command.
--remove-user-tag-from <tag>,<pattern>
For full-upgrade, safe-upgradeforbid-version, hold, install, keep-all, markauto, unmarkauto, purge,
reinstall, remove, unhold, and unmarkauto: remove the user tag <tag> from all packages that match
<pattern> as if with the remove-user-tag command. The pattern is a search pattern as described in the
section “Search Patterns” in the aptitude reference manual.
For instance, aptitude safe-upgrade --remove-user-tag-from "not-upgraded,?action(upgrade)" will
remove the not-upgraded tag from all packages that the safe-upgrade command is able to upgrade.
-s, --simulate
In command-line mode, print the actions that would normally be performed, but don't actually perform
them. This does not require root privileges. In the visual interface, always open the cache in
read-only mode regardless of whether you are root.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::Simulate.
--safe-resolver
When package dependency problems are encountered, use a “safe” algorithm to solve them. This resolver
attempts to preserve as many of your choices as possible; it will never remove a package or install a
version of a package other than the package's default candidate version. It is the same algorithm
used in safe-upgrade; indeed, aptitude --safe-resolver full-upgrade is equivalent to aptitude
safe-upgrade. Because safe-upgrade always uses the safe resolver, it does not accept the
--safe-resolver flag.
This option is equivalent to setting the configuration variable Aptitude::Always-Use-Safe-Resolver to
true.
--schedule-only
For commands that modify package states, schedule operations to be performed in the future, but don't
perform them. You can execute scheduled actions by running aptitude install with no arguments. This
is equivalent to making the corresponding selections in visual mode, then exiting the program
normally.
For instance, aptitude --schedule-only install evolution will schedule the evolution package for
later installation.
--show-package-names <when>
Controls when the versions command shows package names. The following settings are allowed:
• always: display package names every time that aptitude versions runs.
• auto: display package names when aptitude versions runs if the output is not grouped by package,
and either there is a pattern-matching argument or there is more than one argument.
• never: never display package names in the output of aptitude versions.
This option corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Versions-Show-Package-Names.
--show-resolver-actions
Display the actions performed by the “safe” resolver and by safe-upgrade.
When executing the command safe-upgrade or when the option --safe-resolver is present, aptitude will
display a summary of the actions performed by the resolver before printing the installation preview.
This is equivalent to the configuration option Aptitude::Safe-Resolver::Show-Resolver-Actions.
--show-summary[=<MODE>]
Changes the behavior of “aptitude why” to summarize each dependency chain that it outputs, rather
than displaying it in long form. If this option is present and <MODE> is not “no-summary”, chains
that contain Suggests dependencies will not be displayed: combine --show-summary with -v to see a
summary of all the reasons for the target package to be installed.
<MODE> can be any one of the following:
1. no-summary: don't show a summary (the default behavior if --show-summary is not present).
2. first-package: display the first package in each chain. This is the default value of <MODE> if it
is not present.
3. first-package-and-type: display the first package in each chain, along with the strength of the
weakest dependency in the chain.
4. all-packages: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target package.
5. all-packages-with-dep-versions: briefly display each chain of dependencies leading to the target
package, including the target version of each dependency.
This option corresponds to the configuration item Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary; if --show-summary
is present on the command-line, it will override Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Summary.
Example 12. Usage of --show-summary --show-summary used with -v to display all the reasons a package
is installed:
$ aptitude -v --show-summary why foomatic-db
Packages requiring foomatic-db:
cupsys-driver-gutenprint
foomatic-db-engine
foomatic-db-gutenprint
foomatic-db-hpijs
foomatic-filters-ppds
foomatic-gui
kde
printconf
wine
$ aptitude -v --show-summary=first-package-and-type why foomatic-db
Packages requiring foomatic-db:
[Depends] cupsys-driver-gutenprint
[Depends] foomatic-db-engine
[Depends] foomatic-db-gutenprint
[Depends] foomatic-db-hpijs
[Depends] foomatic-filters-ppds
[Depends] foomatic-gui
[Depends] kde
[Depends] printconf
[Depends] wine
$ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages why foomatic-db
Packages requiring foomatic-db:
cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
kde D: kdeadmin R: system-config-printer-kde D: system-config-printer R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
wine D: libwine-print D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
printconf D: foomatic-db
$ aptitude -v --show-summary=all-packages-with-dep-versions why foomatic-db
Packages requiring foomatic-db:
cupsys-driver-gutenprint D: cups-driver-gutenprint (>= 5.0.2-4) D: cups (>= 1.3.0) R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
foomatic-filters-ppds D: foomatic-filters R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
kde D: kdeadmin (>= 4:3.5.5) R: system-config-printer-kde (>= 4:4.2.2-1) D: system-config-printer (>= 1.0.0) R: hal-cups-utils D: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
wine D: libwine-print (= 1.1.15-1) D: cups-bsd R: cups R: foomatic-filters (>= 4.0) R: foomatic-db-engine (>= 4.0) D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db
foomatic-db-gutenprint D: foomatic-db
foomatic-db-hpijs D: foomatic-db
foomatic-gui D: python-foomatic (>= 0.7.9.2) D: foomatic-db-engine D: foomatic-db (>= 20090301)
printconf D: foomatic-db
--show-summary used to list a chain on one line:
$ aptitude --show-summary=all-packages why aptitude-gtk libglib2.0-data
Packages requiring libglib2.0-data:
aptitude-gtk D: libglib2.0-0 R: libglib2.0-data
-t <release>, --target-release <release>
Set the release from which packages should be installed. For instance, “aptitude -t experimental ...”
will install packages from the experimental distribution unless you specify otherwise. For the
command-line actions “changelog”, “download”, and “show”, this is equivalent to appending /<release>
to each package named on the command-line; for other commands, this will affect the default candidate
version of packages according to the rules described in apt_preferences(5).
This corresponds to the configuration item APT::Default-Release.
-V, --show-versions
Show which versions of packages will be installed.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Versions.
-v, --verbose
Causes some commands (for instance, show) to display extra information. This may be supplied multiple
times to get more and more information.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose.
--version
Display the version of aptitude and some information about how it was compiled.
--visual-preview
When installing or removing packages from the command line, instead of displaying the usual prompt,
start up the visual interface and display its preview screen.
-W, --show-why
In the preview displayed before packages are installed or removed, show which manually installed
package requires each automatically installed package. For instance:
$ aptitude --show-why install mediawiki
...
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libapache2-mod-php5{a} (for mediawiki) mediawiki php5{a} (for mediawiki)
php5-cli{a} (for mediawiki) php5-common{a} (for mediawiki)
php5-mysql{a} (for mediawiki)
When combined with -v or a non-zero value for Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose, this displays the entire
chain of dependencies that lead each package to be installed. For instance:
$ aptitude -v --show-why install libdb4.2-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libdb4.2{a} (libdb4.2-dev D: libdb4.2) libdb4.2-dev
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libdb4.4-dev{a} (libdb4.2-dev C: libdb-dev P<- libdb-dev)
This option will also describe why packages are being removed, as shown above. In this example,
libdb4.2-dev conflicts with libdb-dev, which is provided by libdb-dev.
This argument corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Why and displays the
same information that is computed by aptitude why and aptitude why-not.
-w <width>, --width <width>
Specify the display width which should be used for output from the search command (by default, the
terminal width is used).
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Width
-y, --assume-yes
When a yes/no prompt would be presented, assume that the user entered “yes”. In particular,
suppresses the prompt that appears when installing, upgrading, or removing packages. Prompts for
“dangerous” actions, such as removing essential packages, will still be displayed. This option
overrides -P.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-Yes.
-Z
Show how much disk space will be used or freed by the individual packages being installed, upgraded,
or removed.
This corresponds to the configuration option Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-Changes.
The following options apply to the visual mode of the program, but are primarily for internal use; you
generally won't need to use them yourself.
--autoclean-on-startup
Deletes old downloaded files when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and
immediately selecting Actions → Clean obsolete files). You cannot use this option and
“--autoclean-on-startup”, “-i”, or “-u” at the same time.
--clean-on-startup
Cleans the package cache when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and immediately
selecting Actions → Clean package cache). You cannot use this option and “--autoclean-on-startup”,
“-i”, or “-u” at the same time.
-i
Displays a download preview when the program starts (equivalent to starting the program and
immediately pressing “g”). You cannot use this option and “--autoclean-on-startup”,
“--clean-on-startup”, or “-u” at the same time.
-S <fname>
Loads the extended state information from <fname> instead of the standard state file.
-u
Begins updating the package lists as soon as the program starts. You cannot use this option and
“--autoclean-on-startup”, “--clean-on-startup”, or “-i” at the same time.
ENVIRONMENT
HOME
If $HOME/.aptitude exists, aptitude will store its configuration file in $HOME/.aptitude/config.
Otherwise, it will look up the current user's home directory using getpwuid(2) and place its
configuration file there.
PAGER
If this environment variable is set, aptitude will use it to display changelogs when “aptitude
changelog” is invoked. If not set, it defaults to more.
TMP
If TMPDIR is unset, aptitude will store its temporary files in TMP if that variable is set.
Otherwise, it will store them in /tmp.
TMPDIR
aptitude will store its temporary files in the directory indicated by this environment variable. If
TMPDIR is not set, then TMP will be used; if TMP is also unset, then aptitude will use /tmp.
FILES
/var/lib/aptitude/pkgstates
The file in which stored package states and some package flags are stored.
/etc/apt/apt.conf, /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/*, ~/.aptitude/config
The configuration files for aptitude. ~/.aptitude/config overrides /etc/apt/apt.conf. See
apt.conf(5) for documentation of the format and contents of these files.
SEE ALSO
apt-get(8), apt(8), /usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/<lang>/index.html from the package aptitude-doc-<lang>
AUTHORS
Daniel Burrows <dburrows@debian.org>
Main author of the document.
Manuel A. Fernandez Montecelo <mafm@debian.org>
Added documentation about new features, corrections and formatting.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2004-2011 Daniel Burrows.
This manual page is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write
to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.