Provided by: fwlogwatch_1.4-1_amd64 bug

NAME

       fwlogwatch - a firewall log analyzer and realtime response agent

SYNOPSIS

       fwlogwatch [options] [input_files]

DESCRIPTION

       fwlogwatch  produces  Linux  ipchains,  Linux  netfilter/iptables,  Solaris/BSD/IRIX/HP-UX
       ipfilter, ipfw, Cisco IOS, Cisco PIX/ASA, NetScreen, Elsa Lancom router and Snort IDS  log
       summary  reports  in  plain  text  and  HTML  form and has a lot of options to analyze and
       display relevant patterns. It also can run as daemon (with web interface)  doing  realtime
       log monitoring and reporting anomalies or starting attack countermeasures.

GENERAL OPTIONS

       These options are independent from the main modes of operation.

       -h     Show the available options.

       -L     Show  time of the first and the last log entry. The input file(s) can be compressed
              or plain log file(s). Summary mode will show the time of the first and last  packet
              log  entry,  this  log  times  mode  will show the time of the first and last entry
              overall.

       -V     Show version and copyright information and the options used to compile fwlogwatch.

GLOBAL OPTIONS

       The global options for all modes are:

       -b     Show the amount of data in bytes this entry represents, this is the  sum  of  total
              packet  lengths  of  packets  matching  this rule (obviously only available for log
              formats that contain this information).

       -c config
              Use the alternate configuration file config instead of  the  default  configuration
              file  /etc/fwlogwatch.config  (which  does  not  need  to  exist). Only options not
              specified in the files can be overridden by command line options.

       -D     Do not differentiate destination IP addresses. Useful for finding  scans  in  whole
              subnets.

       -d     Differentiate destination ports.

       -E format
              Specific  hosts,  ports, chains and branches (targets) can be selected or excluded,
              selections an exclusions can be added and combined. The format is composed  of  one
              of the functions i include or e exclude, then one of the parameters h host, p port,
              c chain or b branch. In case of a host or port a third parameter for s source or  d
              destination  is needed. Finally, the object is directly appended, in case of a host
              this is an IP address (networks can be specified in CIDR format), port is a  number
              and  chain  and  branch  are  strings. To show entries with destination port 25 you
              would use -Eipd25 and to exclude entries which have the class C network 192.168.1.0
              as source or belong to the chain INPUT: -Eehs192.168.1.0/24 -EecINPUT

       -i file
              If  your  logs contain private IP addresses that are not resolvable through DNS but
              you want reports with meaningful host  names  or  you  have  any  other  reason  to
              influence  the host names in reports you can initialize the DNS cache with your own
              list of IP/name pairs. The file should be in the same format as /etc/hosts and will
              not be modified.

       -M number
              If  you only want to see a fixed maximum amount of entries (e.g. the "top 20") this
              option will trim the output for you.

       -m count
              When analyzing large amounts of data you usually aren't interested in entries  that
              have  a  small  count.  You  can  hide  entries below a certain threshold with this
              option.

       -N     Enable service lookups. The service name for a specific port  number  and  protocol
              will be looked up in /etc/services.

       -n     Enable  DNS lookups. Host names will be resolved (reverse and forward lookup with a
              warning if they don't match). If this makes  summary  generation  very  slow  (this
              happens  when  a  lot  of  different hosts appear in the log file) you should use a
              version of fwlogwatch compiled with GNU adns  support.   Resolved  host  names  are
              cached  in  memory  for  as  long  as  fwlogwatch  is running, the DNS cache can be
              initialized with the -i option.

       -O order
              This is the sort order of the summary and packet cache.  Since  entries  often  are
              equal  in certain fields you can sort by several fields one after another (the sort
              algorithm is stable, so equal entries will remain sorted in  the  order  they  were
              sorted  before).  The sort string can be composed of up to 11 fields of the form ab
              where a is the sort criteria: c count, t start time, e  end  time,  z  duration,  n
              target name, p protocol, b byte count (sum of total packet lengths), S source host,
              s source port, D destination host and d destination port.  b is  the  direction:  a
              ascending  and  d  descending.  Sorting is done in the order specified, so the last
              option is the primary criteria. The default in summary mode is tacd (start with the
              highest  count, if two counts match list the one earlier in time first) of which ta
              is built in, so if you specify an empty sort string or  everything  else  is  equal
              entries  will be sorted ascending by time. The realtime response mode default is cd
              ( ta is not built in).

       -P format
              Only use certain parsers, where the log format can be one or a  combination  of:  i
              ipchains,  n  netfilter,  f  ipfilter,  b  ipfw,  c  Cisco  IOS, p Cisco PIX/ASA, e
              NetScreen, l Elsa Lancom and s Snort. The default is to use all parsers except  the
              ones for NetScreen, Elsa Lancom and Snort logs.

       -p     Differentiate  protocols.  This  is  activated  automatically  if you differentiate
              source and/or destination ports.

       -s     Differentiate source ports.

       -U title
              Set title as title of the report and status page.

       -v     Be verbose. You can specify it twice for more information.  In  very  verbose  mode
              while parsing the log file you will see "." for relevant packet filter log entries,
              "r" for 'last message repeated' entries concerning  packet  filter  logs,  "o"  for
              packet  filter log entries that are too old and "_" for entries that are not packet
              filter logs.

       -y     Differentiate TCP options. All packets with a SYN are listed separately, other  TCP
              flags  are  shown in full format if they are available (ipchains does not log them,
              netfilter and ipfilter do, Cisco IOS doesn't even log SYNs).

LOG SUMMARY MODE

       This are additional options that are only available in log summary mode:

       -C email
              A carbon copy of the summary will be sent by email to this address.

       -e     Show timestamp of the last packet  logged  for  this  entry.  End  times  are  only
              available if there is more than one packet log entry with unique characteristics.

       -F email
              Set the sender address of the email.

       -l time
              Process recent events only. See TIME FORMAT below for the time options.

       -o file
              Specify an output file.

       -S     Do not differentiate source IP addresses.

       -T email
              The  summary  will be sent by email to this address. If HTML output is selected the
              report will be embedded as attachment  so  HTML-aware  mail  clients  can  show  it
              directly.

       -t     Show timestamp of the first packet logged for this entry.

       -W     Look up information about the source addresses in the whois database. This is slow,
              please don't stress the registry with too many queries.

       -w     Produce output in HTML format (XHTML 1.1 with CSS).

       -z     Show time interval between start and end time of packet log entries. This  is  only
              available if there is more than one packet log entry with unique characteristics.

REALTIME RESPONSE MODE

       -R     Enter  realtime  response mode. This means: detach and run as daemon until the TERM
              signal (kill) is received. The HUP signal forces  a  reload  of  the  configuration
              file,  the USR1 signal forces fwlogwatch to reopen and read the input file from the
              beginning (useful e.g. for log rotation). All output can be followed in the  system
              log.

       -a count
              Alert  threshold.  Notify  or  start  countermeasures  if  this  limit  is reached.
              Defaults to 5.

       -l time
              Forget events that happened this long ago (defaults to  1  day).  See  TIME  FORMAT
              below for the time options.

       -k IP/net
              This  option  defines a host or network in CIDR notation that will never be blocked
              or other actions taken against. To specify more than  one,  use  the  -k  parameter
              again for each IP address or network you want to add.

       -A     The notification script is invoked when the threshold is reached. A few examples of
              possible notifications are included in fwlw_notify, you can add your  own  ones  as
              you see fit.

       -B     The  response  script  is  invoked when the threshold is reached. Using the example
              script fwlw_respond this will block the attacking host with a new firewall rule.  A
              new  chain  for  fwlogwatch  actions is inserted in the input chain and block rules
              added as needed. The chain and its content is removed if fwlogwatch  is  terminated
              normally.  The  example scripts contain actions for ipchains and netfilter, you can
              modify them or add others as you like.

       -X port
              Activate the internal web server to monitor and control the current status  of  the
              daemon.  It  listens  on  the specified port and by default only allows connections
              from localhost. The default user name is admin and the default password is fwlogwat
              (since  DES  can  only encrypt 8 characters). All options related to the status web
              server can be changed in the configuration file.

INPUT FILES

       You can specify one or more input files (if none is given it defaults to /var/log/messages
       ).  Relevant  entries  are  automatically detected so combined log files (e.g.  from a log
       host) are no problem. Compressed files are supported (except  in  realtime  response  mode
       where  they  don't  make sense anyway). The '-' sign may be used for reading from standard
       input (stdin). In realtime response mode the file needs to be specified with  an  absolute
       path since the daemon uses the file system root (/) as working directory.

TIME FORMAT

       Time  is  specified as nx where n is a natural number and x is one of the following: s for
       seconds (this is the default), m for minutes, h for hours, d for days, w for weeks, M  for
       months and y for years.

FILES

       /etc/fwlogwatch.config
              Default configuration file.

       /var/log/messages
              Default input log file.

       /var/run/fwlogwatch.pid
              Default PID file generated by the daemon in realtime response mode if configured to
              do so.

FEATURES ONLY IN CONFIGURATION FILE

       The following features are only available in the configuration file and not on the command
       line, they are presented and explained in more detail in the sample configuration file.

       HTML colors and stylesheet
              The  colors  of  the  HTML  output  and  status page can be customized, an external
              cascading stylesheet can be referenced.

       Realtime response options
              Verification of ipchains rules, PID file handling, the user fwlogwatch  should  run
              as, the location of the notification and response scripts, which address the status
              web server listens on, which host can connect, the refresh interval of  the  status
              page and the admin name and password can be configured.

SECURITY

       Since  fwlogwatch is a security tool special care was taken to make it secure. You can and
       should run it with user permissions for most functions, you can make it setgid for a group
       /var/log/messages is in if all you need is to be able to read this file. Only the realtime
       response mode with activated ipchains rule analysis needs superuser  permissions  but  you
       might  also  need  them  to write the PID file, for actions in the response script and for
       binding the default status port. However,  you  can  configure  fwlogwatch  to  drop  root
       privileges  as  soon  as  possible  after allocating these resources (the notification and
       response scripts will still be executed with user privileges and log  rotation  might  not
       work).

AUTHOR

       Boris Wesslowski <bw@inside-security.de>