Ubuntu Manpage: ieee80211_proto — 802.11 state machine support

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NAME

     ieee80211_proto — 802.11 state machine support

SYNOPSIS

     #include <net80211/ieee80211_var.h>

     void
     ieee80211_start_all(struct ieee80211com *);

     void
     ieee80211_stop_all(struct ieee80211com *);

     void
     ieee80211_suspend_all(struct ieee80211com *);

     void
     ieee80211_resume_all(struct ieee80211com *);

     enum ieee80211_state;

     int
     ieee80211_new_state(struct ieee80211vap *, enum ieee80211_state, int);

     void
     ieee80211_wait_for_parent(struct ieee80211com *);

DESCRIPTION

The net80211 layer that supports 802.11 device drivers uses a state machine to control
operation of vaps. These state machines vary according to the vap operating mode. Station
mode state machines follow the 802.11 MLME states in the protocol specification. Other
state machines are simpler and reflect operational work such as scanning for a BSS or
automatically selecting a channel to operate on. When multiple vaps are operational the
state machines are used to coordinate operation such as choosing a channel. The state
machine mechanism also serves to bind the net80211 layer to a driver; this is described more
below.

The following states are defined for state machines:

IEEE80211_S_INIT Default/initial state. A vap in this state should not hold any dynamic
state (e.g. entries for associated stations in the node table). The
driver must quiesce the hardware; e.g. there should be no interrupts
firing.

IEEE80211_S_SCAN Scanning for a BSS or choosing a channel to operate on. Note that
scanning can also take place in other states (e.g. when background
scanning is active); this state is entered when initially bringing a vap
to an operational state or after an event such as a beacon miss (in
station mode).

IEEE80211_S_AUTH Authenticating to an access point (in station mode). This state is
normally reached from IEEE80211_S_SCAN after selecting a BSS, but may
also be reached from IEEE80211_S_ASSOC or IEEE80211_S_RUN if the
authentication handshake fails.

IEEE80211_S_ASSOC Associating to an access point (in station mode). This state is reached
from IEEE80211_S_AUTH after successfully authenticating or from
IEEE80211_S_RUN if a DisAssoc frame is received.

IEEE80211_S_CAC Doing Channel Availability Check (CAC). This state is entered only when
DFS is enabled and the channel selected for operation requires CAC.

IEEE80211_S_RUN Operational. In this state a vap can transmit data frames, accept
requests for stations associating, etc. Beware that data traffic is also
gated by whether the associated “port” is authorized. When
WPA/802.11i/802.1x is operational authorization may happen separately;
e.g. in station mode wpa_supplicant(8) must complete the handshakes and
plumb the necessary keys before a port is authorized. In this state a
BSS is operational and associated state is valid and may be used; e.g.
ic_bss and ic_bsschan are guaranteed to be usable.

IEEE80211_S_CSA Channel Switch Announcement (CSA) is pending. This state is reached only
from IEEE80211_S_RUN when either a CSA is received from an access point
(in station mode) or the local station is preparing to change channel.
In this state traffic may be muted depending on the Mute setting in the
CSA.

IEEE80211_S_SLEEP Asleep to save power (in station mode). This state is reached only from
IEEE80211_S_RUN when power save operation is enabled and the local
station is deemed sufficiently idle to enter low power mode.

Note that states are ordered (as shown above); e.g. a vap must be in the IEEE80211_S_RUN or
“greater” before it can transmit frames. Certain net80211 data are valid only in certain
states; e.g. the iv_bsschan that specifies the channel for the operating BSS should never be
used except in IEEE80211_S_RUN or greater.

STATE CHANGES

     State machine changes are typically handled internal to the net80211 layer in response to
     ioctl(2) requests, received frames, or external events such as a beacon miss.  The
     ieee80211_new_state() function is used to initiate a state machine change on a vap.  The new
     state and an optional argument are supplied.  The request is initially processed to handle
     coordination of multiple vaps.  For example, only one vap at a time can be scanning, if
     multiple vaps request a change to IEEE80211_S_SCAN the first will be permitted to run and
     the others will be deferred until the scan operation completes at which time the selected
     channel will be adopted.  Similarly net80211 handles coordination of combinations of vaps
     such as an AP and station vap where the station may need to roam to follow the AP it is
     associated to (dragging along the AP vap to the new channel).  Another important
     coordination is the handling of IEEE80211_S_CAC and IEEE80211_S_CSA.  No more than one vap
     can ever be actively changing state at a time.  In fact net80211 single-threads the state
     machine logic in a dedicated taskqueue(9) thread that is also used to synchronize work such
     as scanning and beacon miss handling.

     After multi-vap scheduling/coordination is done the per-vap iv_newstate method is called to
     carry out the state change work.  Drivers use this entry to setup private state and then
     dispatch the call to the net80211 layer using the previously defined method pointer (in OOP-
     parlance they call the “super method” ).

     net80211 handles two state changes specially.  On transition to IEEE80211_S_RUN the
     IFF_DRV_OACTIVE bit on the vap's transmit queue is cleared so traffic can flow.  On
     transition to IEEE80211_S_INIT any state in the scan cache associated with the vap is
     flushed and any frames pending on the transmit queue are flushed.

DRIVER INTEGRATION

     Drivers are expected to override the iv_newstate method to interpose their own code and
     handle setup work required by state changes.  Otherwise drivers must call
     ieee80211_start_all() in response to being marked up through an SIOCSIFFLAGS ioctl request
     and they should use ieee80211_suspend_all() and ieee80211_resume_all() to implement
     suspend/resume support.

     There is also an ieee80211_stop_all() call to force all vaps to an IEEE80211_S_INIT state
     but this should not be needed by a driver; control is usually handled by net80211 or, in the
     case of card eject or vap destroy, work will be initiated outside the driver.

HISTORY