Provided by: ncurses-bin_6.1-1ubuntu1.18.04.1_amd64 bug

NAME

       term - format of compiled term file.

SYNOPSIS

       term

DESCRIPTION

   STORAGE LOCATION
       Compiled  terminfo  descriptions  are  placed  under  the  directory  /etc/terminfo.   Two
       configurations are supported (when building the ncurses libraries):

       directory tree
            A two-level scheme is used to avoid a linear search of a huge UNIX system  directory:
            /etc/terminfo/c/name  where  name  is  the  name  of the terminal, and c is the first
            character of name.  Thus,  act4  can  be  found  in  the  file  /etc/terminfo/a/act4.
            Synonyms for the same terminal are implemented by multiple links to the same compiled
            file.

       hashed database
            Using Berkeley database, two types of records are stored: the terminfo  data  in  the
            same  format as stored in a directory tree with the terminfo's primary name as a key,
            and records containing only aliases pointing to the primary name.

            If built to write  hashed  databases,  ncurses  can  still  read  terminfo  databases
            organized  as a directory tree, but cannot write entries into the directory tree.  It
            can write (or rewrite) entries in the hashed database.

            ncurses distinguishes the two cases in the  TERMINFO  and  TERMINFO_DIRS  environment
            variable  by  assuming  a  directory  tree for entries that correspond to an existing
            directory, and hashed database otherwise.

   LEGACY STORAGE FORMAT
       The format has been chosen so that it will be the same on all hardware.  An 8 or more  bit
       byte is assumed, but no assumptions about byte ordering or sign extension are made.

       The  compiled file is created with the tic program, and read by the routine setupterm(3X).
       The file is divided into six parts: the header, terminal names,  boolean  flags,  numbers,
       strings, and string table.

       The  header  section  begins  the  file.   This section contains six short integers in the
       format described below.  These integers are

            (1) the magic number (octal 0432);

            (2) the size, in bytes, of the names section;

            (3) the number of bytes in the boolean section;

            (4) the number of short integers in the numbers section;

            (5) the number of offsets (short integers) in the strings section;

            (6) the size, in bytes, of the string table.

       Short integers are stored  in  two  8-bit  bytes.   The  first  byte  contains  the  least
       significant 8 bits of the value, and the second byte contains the most significant 8 bits.
       (Thus, the value represented is 256*second+first.)  The value -1 is represented by the two
       bytes  0377,  0377; other negative values are illegal. This value generally means that the
       corresponding capability is missing from this terminal.  Note that this format corresponds
       to  the  hardware of the VAX and PDP-11 (that is, little-endian machines).  Machines where
       this does not correspond to the hardware must read the integers as two bytes  and  compute
       the little-endian value.

       The  terminal  names  section  comes  next.   It  contains  the first line of the terminfo
       description, listing the various names for the terminal, separated by the  “|”  character.
       The section is terminated with an ASCII NUL character.

       The  boolean flags have one byte for each flag.  This byte is either 0 or 1 as the flag is
       present or absent.  The capabilities are in the same order as the file <term.h>.

       Between the boolean section and the number section, a  null  byte  will  be  inserted,  if
       necessary,  to  ensure  that the number section begins on an even byte (this is a relic of
       the PDP-11's word-addressed architecture,  originally  designed  in  to  avoid  IOT  traps
       induced  by addressing a word on an odd byte boundary).  All short integers are aligned on
       a short word boundary.

       The numbers section is similar to the flags section.  Each capability takes up two  bytes,
       and  is  stored  as  a  little-endian  short integer.  If the value represented is -1, the
       capability is taken to be missing.

       The strings section is also similar.  Each capability is stored as a short integer, in the
       format  above.   A  value  of -1 means the capability is missing.  Otherwise, the value is
       taken as an offset from the beginning of the string table.  Special characters in ^X or \c
       notation  are  stored in their interpreted form, not the printing representation.  Padding
       information $<nn> and parameter information %x are stored intact in uninterpreted form.

       The final section is the string table.  It contains all the values of string  capabilities
       referenced in the string section.  Each string is null terminated.

   EXTENDED STORAGE FORMAT
       The  previous  section describes the conventional terminfo binary format.  With some minor
       variations of the offsets (see PORTABILITY), the same binary format is used in all  modern
       UNIX   systems.   Each  system  uses  a  predefined  set  of  boolean,  number  or  string
       capabilities.

       The ncurses libraries and applications support extended terminfo binary  format,  allowing
       users to define capabilities which are loaded at runtime.  This extension is made possible
       by using the fact that the other implementations stop reading the terminfo data when  they
       have  reached the end of the size given in the header.  ncurses checks the size, and if it
       exceeds that due to the predefined data, continues to parse according to its own scheme.

       First, it reads the extended header (5 short integers):

            (1)  count of extended boolean capabilities

            (2)  count of extended numeric capabilities

            (3)  count of extended string capabilities

            (4)  size of the extended string table in bytes.

            (5)  last offset of the extended string table in bytes.

       Using the counts and sizes, ncurses allocates arrays  and  reads  data  for  the  extended
       capabilities in the same order as the header information.

       The extended string table contains values for string capabilities.  After the end of these
       values, it contains the names for each  of  the  extended  capabilities  in  order,  e.g.,
       booleans, then numbers and finally strings.

       Applications  which  manipulate  terminal  data  can  use  the  definitions  described  in
       term_variables(3X) which associate the long capability names with members  of  a  TERMTYPE
       structure.

   EXTENDED NUMBER FORMAT
       On  occasion, 16-bit signed integers are not large enough.  With ncurses 6.1, a new format
       is introduced by making a few changes to the legacy format:

       •   a different magic number (0542)

       •   changing the type for the number array from signed 16-bit integers  to  signed  32-bit
           integers.

       To  maintain  compatibility, the library presents the same data structures to direct users
       of the TERMTYPE structure as in previous formats.  However, that  cannot  provide  callers
       with the extended numbers.  The library uses a similar but hidden data structure TERMTYPE2
       to provide data for the terminfo functions.

PORTABILITY

       Note that it is possible for setupterm to expect a different set of capabilities than  are
       actually  present  in the file.  Either the database may have been updated since setupterm
       has been recompiled (resulting in extra unrecognized entries in the file) or  the  program
       may have been recompiled more recently than the database was updated (resulting in missing
       entries).  The routine setupterm must be prepared for both possibilities - this is why the
       numbers and sizes are included.  Also, new capabilities must always be added at the end of
       the lists of boolean, number, and string capabilities.

       Despite the consistent use of little-endian for numbers and the otherwise  self-describing
       format,  it  is  not  wise  to  count  on  portability  of binary terminfo entries between
       commercial UNIX versions.  The problem is that  there  are  at  least  three  versions  of
       terminfo  (under  HP-UX, AIX, and OSF/1) which diverged from System V terminfo after SVr1,
       and have added extension capabilities to the string table  that  (in  the  binary  format)
       collide  with System V and XSI Curses extensions.  See terminfo(5) for detailed discussion
       of terminfo source compatibility issues.

       Direct access to the TERMTYPE structure is provided  for  legacy  applications.   Portable
       applications should use the tigetflag and related functions described in curs_terminfo(3X)
       for reading terminal capabilities.

       A small number of terminal descriptions use uppercase characters in their names.   If  the
       underlying  filesystem  ignores  the  difference  between uppercase and lowercase, ncurses
       represents the “first character” of the terminal name used as the intermediate level of  a
       directory tree in (two-character) hexadecimal form.

EXAMPLE

       As  an  example, here is a description for the Lear-Siegler ADM-3, a popular though rather
       stupid early terminal:

           adm3a|lsi adm3a,
                   am,
                   cols#80, lines#24,
                   bel=^G, clear= 32$<1>, cr=^M, cub1=^H, cud1=^J,
                   cuf1=^L, cup=\E=%p1%{32}%+%c%p2%{32}%+%c, cuu1=^K,
                   home=^^, ind=^J,

       and a hexadecimal dump of the compiled terminal description:

           0000  1a 01 10 00 02 00 03 00  82 00 31 00 61 64 6d 33  ........ ..1.adm3
           0010  61 7c 6c 73 69 20 61 64  6d 33 61 00 00 01 50 00  a|lsi ad m3a...P.
           0020  ff ff 18 00 ff ff 00 00  02 00 ff ff ff ff 04 00  ........ ........
           0030  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  0a 00 25 00 27 00 ff ff  ........ ..%.'...
           0040  29 00 ff ff ff ff 2b 00  ff ff 2d 00 ff ff ff ff  ).....+. ..-.....
           0050  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           0060  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           0070  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           0080  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           0090  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           00a0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           00b0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           00c0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           00d0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           00e0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           00f0  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           0100  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           0110  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ........ ........
           0120  ff ff ff ff ff ff 2f 00  07 00 0d 00 1a 24 3c 31  ....../. .....$<1
           0130  3e 00 1b 3d 25 70 31 25  7b 33 32 7d 25 2b 25 63  >..=%p1% {32}%+%c
           0140  25 70 32 25 7b 33 32 7d  25 2b 25 63 00 0a 00 1e  %p2%{32} %+%c....
           0150  00 08 00 0c 00 0b 00 0a  00                       ........ .

LIMITS

       Some limitations:

       •   total compiled entries cannot exceed 4096 bytes in the legacy format.

       •   total compiled entries cannot exceed 32768 bytes in the extended format.

       •   the name field cannot exceed 128 bytes.

FILES

       /etc/terminfo/*/*   compiled terminal capability data base

SEE ALSO

       ncurses(3NCURSES), terminfo(5).

AUTHORS

       Thomas E. Dickey
       extended terminfo format for ncurses 5.0
       hashed database support for ncurses 5.6
       extended number support for ncurses 6.1

       Eric S. Raymond
       documented legacy terminfo format, e.g., from pcurses.

                                                                                          term(5)