Provided by: postfix_3.8.6-1build2_amd64 bug

NAME

       virtual - Postfix virtual alias table format

SYNOPSIS

       postmap /etc/postfix/virtual

       postmap -q "string" /etc/postfix/virtual

       postmap -q - /etc/postfix/virtual <inputfile

DESCRIPTION

       The  optional  virtual(5)  alias  table  rewrites  recipient  addresses for all local, all
       virtual, and all remote mail destinations.  This is unlike the aliases(5) table  which  is
       used  only  for  local(8)  delivery. This feature is implemented in the Postfix cleanup(8)
       daemon before mail is queued.

       Virtual aliasing is recursive; to terminate recursion for a specific address,  alias  that
       address to itself.

       The main applications of virtual aliasing are:

       •      To redirect mail for one address to one or more addresses.

       •      To  implement virtual alias domains where all addresses are aliased to addresses in
              other domains.

              Virtual alias domains are not to be confused with the virtual mailbox domains  that
              are  implemented  with  the  Postfix  virtual(8)  mail delivery agent. With virtual
              mailbox domains, each recipient address can have its own mailbox.

       Virtual aliasing is applied only to recipient envelope  addresses,  and  does  not  affect
       message  headers.   Use  canonical(5)  mapping to rewrite header and envelope addresses in
       general.

       Normally, the virtual(5) alias table is specified as a text file that serves as  input  to
       the postmap(1) command.  The result, an indexed file in dbm or db format, is used for fast
       searching by the mail  system.  Execute  the  command  "postmap  /etc/postfix/virtual"  to
       rebuild an indexed file after changing the corresponding text file.

       When  the table is provided via other means such as NIS, LDAP or SQL, the same lookups are
       done as for ordinary indexed files.

       Alternatively, the table can be provided as a regular-expression map  where  patterns  are
       given  as  regular expressions, or lookups can be directed to a TCP-based server. In those
       case, the lookups are done in a slightly different way as described below  under  "REGULAR
       EXPRESSION TABLES" or "TCP-BASED TABLES".

CASE FOLDING

       The  search  string  is folded to lowercase before database lookup. As of Postfix 2.3, the
       search string is not case folded with database types such as regexp: or pcre: whose lookup
       fields can match both upper and lower case.

TABLE FORMAT

       The input format for the postmap(1) command is as follows:

       pattern address, address, ...
              When pattern matches a mail address, replace it by the corresponding address.

       blank lines and comments
              Empty  lines  and  whitespace-only  lines  are  ignored,  as  are lines whose first
              non-whitespace character is a `#'.

       multi-line text
              A logical line starts with non-whitespace text. A line that starts with  whitespace
              continues a logical line.

TABLE SEARCH ORDER

       With  lookups  from indexed files such as DB or DBM, or from networked tables such as NIS,
       LDAP or SQL, each user@domain query produces a sequence of  query  patterns  as  described
       below.

       Each  query  pattern  is  sent to each specified lookup table before trying the next query
       pattern, until a match is found.

       user@domain address, address, ...
              Redirect mail for user@domain to address.  This form has the highest precedence.

       user address, address, ...
              Redirect mail for user@site to address when site is equal to $myorigin,  when  site
              is  listed  in  $mydestination,  or  when  it  is  listed  in  $inet_interfaces  or
              $proxy_interfaces.

              This  functionality  overlaps  with  the  functionality  of  the  local  aliases(5)
              database.  The  difference  is  that virtual(5) mapping can be applied to non-local
              addresses.

       @domain address, address, ...
              Redirect mail for other users in domain to  address.   This  form  has  the  lowest
              precedence.

              Note:  @domain is a wild-card. With this form, the Postfix SMTP server accepts mail
              for any recipient in domain, regardless of whether that recipient exists.  This may
              turn  your  mail  system  into a backscatter source: Postfix first accepts mail for
              non-existent recipients and then tries to return that mail  as  "undeliverable"  to
              the often forged sender address.

              To  avoid  backscatter  with  mail  for  a  wild-card domain, replace the wild-card
              mapping  with  explicit  1:1  mappings,  or   add   a   reject_unverified_recipient
              restriction for that domain:

                  smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
                      ...
                      reject_unauth_destination
                      check_recipient_access
                          inline:{example.com=reject_unverified_recipient}
                  unverified_recipient_reject_code = 550

              In  the  above  example,  Postfix  may  contact a remote server if the recipient is
              aliased to a remote address.

RESULT ADDRESS REWRITING

       The lookup result is subject to address rewriting:

       •      When the result has the form @otherdomain, the result  becomes  the  same  user  in
              otherdomain.   This  works  only  for  the  first address in a multi-address lookup
              result.

       •      When "append_at_myorigin=yes", append "@$myorigin" to addresses without "@domain".

       •      When "append_dot_mydomain=yes", append ".$mydomain" to addresses without ".domain".

ADDRESS EXTENSION

       When  a  mail  address  localpart  contains  the  optional  recipient   delimiter   (e.g.,
       user+foo@domain),  the lookup order becomes: user+foo@domain, user@domain, user+foo, user,
       and @domain.

       The  propagate_unmatched_extensions  parameter  controls  whether  an  unmatched   address
       extension (+foo) is propagated to the result of a table lookup.

VIRTUAL ALIAS DOMAINS

       Besides  virtual  aliases,  the  virtual alias table can also be used to implement virtual
       alias domains. With a virtual  alias  domain,  all  recipient  addresses  are  aliased  to
       addresses in other domains.

       Virtual  alias  domains  are  not to be confused with the virtual mailbox domains that are
       implemented with the Postfix virtual(8) mail delivery agent. With virtual mailbox domains,
       each recipient address can have its own mailbox.

       With  a  virtual alias domain, the virtual domain has its own user name space. Local (i.e.
       non-virtual) usernames are not visible in a virtual alias  domain.  In  particular,  local
       aliases(5) and local mailing lists are not visible as localname@virtual-alias.domain.

       Support for a virtual alias domain looks like:

       /etc/postfix/main.cf:
           virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual

       Note:  some  systems use dbm databases instead of hash.  See the output from "postconf -m"
       for available database types.

       /etc/postfix/virtual:
           virtual-alias.domain    anything (right-hand content does not matter)
           postmaster@virtual-alias.domain postmaster
           user1@virtual-alias.domain      address1
           user2@virtual-alias.domain      address2, address3

       The virtual-alias.domain anything entry is required for a virtual  alias  domain.  Without
       this  entry, mail is rejected with "relay access denied", or bounces with "mail loops back
       to myself".

       Do not specify virtual alias domain names in the main.cf  mydestination  or  relay_domains
       configuration parameters.

       With   a   virtual   alias   domain,   the   Postfix   SMTP   server   accepts   mail  for
       known-user@virtual-alias.domain, and rejects mail for unknown-user@virtual-alias.domain as
       undeliverable.

       Instead  of specifying the virtual alias domain name via the virtual_alias_maps table, you
       may also specify it via the main.cf virtual_alias_domains configuration  parameter.   This
       latter  parameter  uses  the  same  syntax  as  the  main.cf  mydestination  configuration
       parameter.

REGULAR EXPRESSION TABLES

       This section describes how the table lookups change when the table is given in the form of
       regular  expressions.  For  a  description  of regular expression lookup table syntax, see
       regexp_table(5) or pcre_table(5).

       Each pattern is a regular expression that is applied to the entire  address  being  looked
       up.  Thus,  user@domain  mail  addresses  are  not  broken  up into their user and @domain
       constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken up into user and foo.

       Patterns are applied in the order as specified in the table, until a pattern is found that
       matches the search string.

       Results  are  the  same  as  with  indexed  file lookups, with the additional feature that
       parenthesized substrings from the pattern can be interpolated as $1, $2 and so on.

TCP-BASED TABLES

       This section describes how the table  lookups  change  when  lookups  are  directed  to  a
       TCP-based  server.  For  a  description  of  the  TCP  client/server  lookup protocol, see
       tcp_table(5).  This feature is available in Postfix 2.5 and later.

       Each lookup operation uses the entire address once.  Thus, user@domain mail addresses  are
       not  broken  up  into  their user and @domain constituent parts, nor is user+foo broken up
       into user and foo.

       Results are the same as with indexed file lookups.

BUGS

       The table format does not understand quoting conventions.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS

       The following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this topic.  See  the  Postfix
       main.cf  file  for syntax details and for default values. Use the "postfix reload" command
       after a configuration change.

       virtual_alias_maps ($virtual_maps)
              Optional lookup tables that alias specific mail addresses or domains to other local
              or remote addresses.

       virtual_alias_domains ($virtual_alias_maps)
              Postfix  is  the final destination for the specified list of virtual alias domains,
              that is, domains for which all addresses are aliased to addresses in other local or
              remote domains.

       propagate_unmatched_extensions (canonical, virtual)
              What  address  lookup  tables  copy an address extension from the lookup key to the
              lookup result.

       Other parameters of interest:

       inet_interfaces (all)
              The network interface addresses that this mail system receives mail on.

       mydestination ($myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost)
              The list of domains that are  delivered  via  the  $local_transport  mail  delivery
              transport.

       myorigin ($myhostname)
              The  domain  name  that  locally-posted mail appears to come from, and that locally
              posted mail is delivered to.

       owner_request_special (yes)
              Enable special treatment for owner-listname entries in  the  aliases(5)  file,  and
              don't  split  owner-listname  and  listname-request  address  localparts  when  the
              recipient_delimiter is set to "-".

       proxy_interfaces (empty)
              The network interface addresses that this mail system receives mail on by way of  a
              proxy or network address translation unit.

SEE ALSO

       cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue mail
       postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       canonical(5), canonical address mapping

README FILES

       Use "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.
       ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, address rewriting guide
       DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
       VIRTUAL_README, domain hosting guide

LICENSE

       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)

       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

                                                                                       VIRTUAL(5)