Provided by: dcraw_9.19-1.1ubuntu1_amd64 bug

NAME

       dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos

SYNOPSIS

       dcraw [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

       dcraw decodes raw photos, displays metadata, and extracts thumbnails.

GENERAL OPTIONS

       -v     Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors.

       -c     Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output.

       -e     Extract  the  camera-generated  thumbnail,  not the raw image.  You'll get either a
              JPEG or a PPM file, depending on the camera.

       -z     Change the access and modification times of an AVI, JPEG, TIFF or raw file to  when
              the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock was set to Universal Time.

       -i     Identify  files  but  don't  decode them.  Exit status is 0 if dcraw can decode the
              last file, 1 if it can't.  -i -v shows metadata.

              dcraw cannot decode JPEG files!!

REPAIR OPTIONS

       -I     Read the raw pixels from standard input in CPU byte  order  with  no  header.   Use
              dcraw -E -4 to get the raw pixel values.

       -P deadpixels.txt
              Read  the  dead pixel list from this file instead of ".badpixels".  See FILES for a
              description of the format.

       -K darkframe.pgm
              Subtract a dark frame from the raw data.  To generate a dark  frame,  shoot  a  raw
              photo with no light and do dcraw -D -4 -j -t 0.

       -k darkness
              When  shadows appear foggy, you need to raise the darkness level.  To measure this,
              apply pamsumm -mean to the dark frame generated above.

       -S saturation
              When highlights appear pink, you need to lower the saturation  level.   To  measure
              this,  take  a  picture  of  something  shiny  and do dcraw -D -4 -j -c photo.raw |
              pamsumm -max

              The default darkness and saturation are usually correct.

       -n noise_threshold
              Use wavelets to erase noise while  preserving  real  detail.   The  best  threshold
              should be somewhere between 100 and 1000.

       -C red_mag blue_mag
              Enlarge the raw red and blue layers by the given factors, typically 0.999 to 1.001,
              to correct chromatic aberration.

       -H 0   Clip all highlights to solid white (default).

       -H 1   Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink.

       -H 2   Blend clipped and unclipped values together for a gradual fade to white.

       -H 3+  Reconstruct highlights.  Low numbers favor whites; high numbers favor colors.   Try
              -H  5  as  a compromise.  If that's not good enough, do -H 9, cut out the non-white
              highlights, and paste them into an image generated with -H 3.

COLOR OPTIONS

       By default, dcraw uses a fixed white balance based on a color  chart  illuminated  with  a
       standard D65 lamp.

       -w     Use  the  white  balance  specified  by  the camera.  If this is not found, print a
              warning and use another method.

       -a     Calculate the white balance by averaging the entire image.

       -A left top width height
              Calculate  the  white  balance  by  averaging  a  rectangular   area.    First   do
              dcraw -j -t 0 and select an area of neutral grey color.

       -r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3
              Specify  your  own raw white balance.  These multipliers can be cut and pasted from
              the output of dcraw -v.

       +M or -M
              Use (or don't use) any color matrix from the camera metadata.  The default is +M if
              -w  is  set,  -M  otherwise.  This option only affects Olympus, Leaf, and Phase One
              cameras.

       -o [0-5]
              Select the output colorspace when the -p option is not used:

                   0   Raw color (unique to each camera)
                   1   sRGB D65 (default)
                   2   Adobe RGB (1998) D65
                   3   Wide Gamut RGB D65
                   4   Kodak ProPhoto RGB D65
                   5   XYZ

       -p camera.icm [ -o output.icm ]
              Use ICC profiles to define the camera's  raw  colorspace  and  the  desired  output
              colorspace (sRGB by default).

       -p embed
              Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo.

INTERPOLATION OPTIONS

       -d     Show  the  raw  data  as  a  grayscale  image  with  no  interpolation.   Good  for
              photographing black-and-white documents.

       -D     Same as -d, but with the original unscaled pixel values.

       -E     Same as -D, but masked pixels are not cropped.

       -h     Output a half-size color image.  Twice as fast as -q 0.

       -q 0   Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation.

       -q 1   Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation.

       -q 2   Use Patterned Pixel Grouping (PPG) interpolation.

       -q 3   Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation.

       -f     Interpolate RGB as four colors.  Use this if the output shows false 2x2 meshes with
              VNG or mazes with AHD.

       -m number_of_passes
              After  interpolation,  clean up color artifacts by repeatedly applying a 3x3 median
              filter to the R-G and B-G channels.

OUTPUT OPTIONS

       By default, dcraw  writes  PGM/PPM/PAM  with  8-bit  samples,  a  BT.709  gamma  curve,  a
       histogram-based white level, and no metadata.

       -W     Use a fixed white level, ignoring the image histogram.

       -b brightness
              Divide the white level by this number, 1.0 by default.

       -g power toe_slope
              Set  the  gamma curve, by default BT.709 (-g 2.222 4.5).  If you prefer sRGB gamma,
              use -g 2.4 12.92.  For a simple power curve, set the toe slope to zero.

       -6     Write sixteen bits per sample instead of eight.

       -4     Linear 16-bit, same as -6 -W -g 1 1.

       -T     Write TIFF with metadata instead of PGM/PPM/PAM.

       -t [0-7,90,180,270]
              Flip the output image.  By default, dcraw applies the flip specified by the camera.
              -t 0 disables all flipping.

       -j     For  Fuji Super CCD  cameras,  show  the image tilted 45 degrees.  For cameras with
              non-square pixels, do not stretch the image to its correct aspect  ratio.   In  any
              case, this option guarantees that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.

       -s [0..N-1] or -s all
              If  a  file  contains  N  raw  images, choose one or "all" to decode.  For example,
              Fuji Super CCD SR cameras generate a second image underexposed four stops  to  show
              detail in the highlights.

FILES

       ./.badpixels, ../.badpixels, ../../.badpixels, ...
              List of your camera's dead pixels, so that dcraw can interpolate around them.  Each
              line specifies the column, row, and UNIX time of death for one pixel.  For example:

               962   91 1028350000  # died between August 1 and 4, 2002
              1285 1067 0           # don't know when this pixel died

              These coordinates are before any cropping or rotation, so use  dcraw  -j  -t  0  to
              locate dead pixels.

SEE ALSO

       pgm(5),  ppm(5),  pam(5),  pamsumm(1), pnmgamma(1), pnmtotiff(1), pnmtopng(1), gphoto2(1),
       cjpeg(1), djpeg(1)

AUTHOR

       Written by David Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net

                                           May 14, 2009                                  dcraw(1)